Ultrasensitive functionalized CeO2/ZnO nanocomposite sensor for determination of a prohibited narcotic in sports pethidine hydrochloride

Functionalized fennel extract-mediated alumina/cerium oxide nanocomposite potentiometric sensor for the determination of diclofenac sodium medication

The current work suggests a new, ultrasensitive green functionalized sensor for the determination of anti-inflammatory medication diclofenac sodium (DCF). Alumina (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest for their use as outstanding and electroactive nanocomposite in potentiometric and sensory research due to their ultrafunctional potential. The formed nanoparticles have been confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The fennel extract-mediated Al2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite (Al2O3/CeO2 NCS) modified coated wire membrane sensor developed in this study was used to quantify DCF in bulk and commercial products. Diclofenac sodium was coupled with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) to generate diclofenac phosphomolybdate (DCF-PM) as an active ion-pair in the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE). Clear peaks at 270, and 303 nm with band gaps of 4.59 eV and 4.09 eV were measured using UV-vis spectroscopy of Al2O3 and CeO2, respectively. The crystallite sizes of the formed nanoparticles were XRD-determined to be 30.13 ± 8, 17.72 ± 3, and 35.8 ± 0.5 nm for Al2O3, CeO2, and Al2O3/CeO2 NCS, respectively. The developed sensor showed excellent response for the measurement and assay of DCF, with a linearity between 1.0 × 10-9 and 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1. EmV = (57.76) log [DCF] +622.69 was derived. On the other hand, the typical type DCF-PM presented a potentiometric response range of 1.0 × 10-5-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and a regression equation of EmV = (56.97) log [DCF]+367.16. The functionalized sensor that was proposed was successful in determining DCF in its commercial tablets with percent recovery 99.95 ± 0.3. Method validation has been used to improve the suitability of the suggested potentiometric technique, by studying various parameters with respect to the international council harmonization requirements for analytical methodologies.

Plant extract mediated synthesis of ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticles for spectrofluorometric assay of omeprazole and domperidone in pharmaceuticals

The current research proposed a highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorometric approach for the assay of gastrointestinal medications omeprazole (OMZ) and domperidone (DOM). Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (ZnONPs) and cerium oxide (CeO2NPs) using Pimpinella anisum and Syzygium aromaticum extract was used as fluorescence emission catalysts for the determination of OMZ and DOM. Due to their unique optical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) form the basis for spectrofluorimetric quantification of the selected drugs. The detection studies were performed under λex/λem 350/450 nm and 284/392 nm for OMZ and DOM in the presence of ZnONPs and CeO2NPs, respectively. Under ideal conditions, fluorescence intensities (FI) were linearly with correlation coefficient (r = 0.999) over concentration ranges of 0.1-100 and 0.01-200 μg mL-1 for OMZ, 0.01-100 and 0.01-300 n g mL-1 for DOM in the presence of ZnONPs and CeO2NPs, respectively. Method validation was carried out to guarantee the accuracy, suitability, and precision of the proposed fluorescence (FL) systems for the determination of OMZ and DOM. Analytical method guidelines and requirements were followed. The designed procedure was used effectively to identify the determined drugs in both their pure and commercial versions.

Fast and novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with metal oxide nanoparticles for potentiometric detection of a prohibited medication in sports acebutolol hydrochloride

A straightforward approach for creating fast and novel potentiometric sensors that are modified with multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) was described. The impact of the selective sensor's material was studied. The suggested sensors were successfully fabricated for instant and fast detection of the prohibited β-adrenoreceptor blocking agent acebutolol hydrochloride (AC) in commercial products. Acebutolol-phosphomolybdate (AC-PM) carbon paste sensor was formed by mixing AC and phosphomolybdic acid and graphite powder in the presence of o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as a plasticizing agent. The functionalized AC-PM-MWCNTs and AC-PM-MWCNTs-Al2O3 nanocomposite sensors were prepared and all parameters affecting the sensors' potential responses have been investigated as well as the green synthesis of Al2O3NPs has been characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. AC-PM-MWCNTs and AC-PM-MWCNTs-Al2O3 nanocomposite sensors demonstrated linearity of 1.0 × 10-7-1.0 × 10-2 and 1.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1, respectively with regression equations -53.571x + 423.24 (r = 0.999) and -57.107x + 518.54 (r = 0.999). It also revealed excellent selectivity and sensitivity for the determination and quantification of AC. The developed potentiometric system was suitable for the determination of AC in bulk powder and commercial products.

Construction of novel potentiometric sensors modified with biogenically synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles for sensitive detection of the opioid agonist-antagonist nalbuphine hydrochloride in its injection

Novel and sensitive potentiometric sensors were described for the assay of nalbuphine HCl (NBP) in authentic powder and injection samples. The developed sensors were modified with alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). The nanoscale materials were synthesized using the extract of Salvia officinalis leaves in an environmentally friendly manner. The synthesized metal oxides were fully confirmed by various analytical techniques. Scanning electron microscope confirmed the morphology of nanosized materials with even distribution and particle size of 55.07 ± 4.15 and 59.48 ± 4.50 nm for Al2O3NPs and CuONPs, respectively. The modified sensors were prepared in three different steps. Nalbuphine hydrochloride was mixed with phosphomolybdic acid to prepare the sensor material nalbuphine phosphomolybdate (NBP-PM). It was then mixed with polyvinyl chloride in the presence of o-nitrophenyl ether and metal oxide nanoparticles to form the membrane matrix. Finally, a copper wire was coated with the sensing material. Excellent potentials of 1.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-2 and 1.0 × 10-9-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 were measured with lower assay limits of 4.8 × 10-9 and 5.0 × 10-10 mol L-1. The average detection % were 99.28 ± 0.58% and 99.52 ± 0.28% for NBP-PM-Al2O3NPs and NBP-PM-CuONPs, correspondingly. The suitability of the described sensors was investigated in terms of various validation criteria, and the modified sensors exposed excellent applicability and insurance for the quantification of nalbuphine hydrochloride in its bulk samples and injections compared with another standard sensor. It is obvious that the developed NBP-PM-Al2O3NPs and NBP-PM-CuONPs will serve as suitable sensors for the determination of NBP.