Heterogeneous Sono-Fenton like catalytic degradation of metronidazole by Fe3O4@HZSM-5 magnetite nanocomposite

Advances in three-dimensional electrochemical degradation: A comprehensive review on pharmaceutical pollutants removal from aqueous solution

Water pollution, stemming from various contaminants including organic and pharmaceutical pollutants, poses a significant global challenge. Amidst the array of methods available for pollutant mitigation, the three-dimensional electrochemical approach emerges as a standout solution due to its environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and rapid efficiency. This study delves into the efficacy of three-dimensional electrochemical processes in purging organic and pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous media. Existing research indicates that the three-dimensional electrochemical process, particularly when employing particle electrodes, exhibits notable success in degrading organic and pharmaceutical pollutants. This achievement is largely attributed to the ample specific surface area of particle electrodes and the shortened mass transfer distance, which collectively enhance efficiency in comparison to traditional two-dimensional electrochemical methods. Moreover, this approach is lauded for its environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. However, it is imperative to note that the efficacy of the process is subject to various factors including temperature, pH levels, and current intensity. While the addition of oxidants can augment process efficiency, it also carries the risk of generating intermediate compounds that impede the reaction. In conclusion, the three-dimensional electrochemical method proves to be a viable and practical approach, provided that process conditions are meticulously considered and adhered to. Offering advantages from both environmental and economic perspectives, this method presents a promising alternative to conventional water and wastewater treatment techniques.

Photocatalytic decomposition of metronidazole by zinc hexaferrite coated with bismuth oxyiodide magnetic nanocomposite: Advanced modelling and optimization with artificial neural network

The objective of the present study was to employ a green synthesis method to produce a sustainable ZnFe12O19/BiOI nanocomposite and evaluate its efficacy in the photocatalytic degradation of metronidazole (MNZ) from aqueous media. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the performance of the photocatalytic degradation process using experimental data. More importantly, sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between MNZ degradation and various experimental parameters. The elimination of MNZ was assessed under different operational parameters, including pH, contaminant concentration, nanocomposite dosage, and retention time. The outcomes exhibited high a desirability performance of the ANN model with a coefficient correlation (R2) of 0.99. Under optimized circumstances, the MNZ elimination efficiency, as well as the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), reached 92.71%, 70.23%, and 55.08%, respectively. The catalyst showed the ability to be regenerated 8 times with only a slight decrease in its photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the experimental data obtained demonstrated a good agreement with the predictions of the ANN model. As a result, this study fabricated the ZnFe12O19/BiOI nanocomposite, which gave potential implication value in the effective decontamination of pharmaceutical compounds.

An effective magnetic nanobiocomposite: Preparation, characterization and its application for adsorption removal of P-nitroaniline from aquatic environments

In this investigation, a magnetic nanobiocomposite, denoted as CoFe2O4/Activated Carbon integrated with Chitosan (CoFe2O4/AC@Ch), was synthesized based on a microwave-assisted for the efficacious adsorption of P-nitroaniline (PNA). The physicochemical properties of the said nano biocomposite were thoroughly characterized using a suite of analytical methodologies, namely FESEM/EDS, BET, FTIR, XRD, and VSM. The results confirm the successful synthesis of the nanobiocomposite, with its point of zero charge (pHZPC) determined to be 6.4. Adsorptive performance towards PNA was systematically examined over a spectrum of conditions, encompassing variations in PNA concentration (spanning 10-40 mg/L), adsorbent concentration (10-200 mg/L), contact periods (2.5-22.5 min), and solution pH (3-11). Upon optimization, the conditions converged to an adsorbent concentration of 200 mg/L, pH 5, PNA concentration of 10 mg/L, and a contact duration of 22.5 min, under which an impressive PNA adsorption efficacy of 98.6% was attained. Kinetic and isotherm analyses insinuated the adsorption mechanism to adhere predominantly to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The magnetic nanocomposite was recovered and used in 4 cycles, and the absorption rate reached 86%, which shows the good stability of the magnetic nanocomposite in wastewater treatment. Conclusively, these empirical outcomes underscore the viability of the formulated magnetic nanobiocomposite as a potent, recyclable adsorbent for the proficient extraction of PNA from aqueous matrices.

Facile and green synthesis of recyclable, environmentally friendly, chemically stable, and cost-effective magnetic nanohybrid adsorbent for tetracycline adsorption

Antibiotic contamination of water sources, particularly tetracycline (TC) contamination, has emerged as one of the global issues that needs action. In this research, ZnCoFe2O4@Chitosan (Ch) as a magnetic nanohybrid adsorbent was synthesized using the microwave-assisted co-precipitation method, and their efficiency for the TC adsorption process was investigated. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray), Mapping and line Scan, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer), VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) techniques were used to check and verify its physical and chemical properties. The removal of TC via the adsorption process from synthetic and real wastewater samples was investigated. The factors determining the TC adsorption process, comprising tetracycline concentration (5-30 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.7-2 g/L), contact time (2-45 min), and pH (3-11), were evaluated. The removal effectiveness for the synthetic sample and the real wastewater sample was 93 % and 80 %, respectively, under the ideal TC adsorption process parameters of pH 3, adsorbent dosage 1 g/L, TC initial concentration 5 mg/L, and contact time 30 min. According to kinetic and equilibrium studies, the adsorption of TC by ZnCoFe2O4@Ch follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm. Additionally, it was determined through the analysis of thermodynamic data that the process of exothermic adsorption is spontaneous and is followed by a decrease in disorder (ΔH = -15.16 kJ/mol, ΔS = -28.69 kJ/mol, and ΔG = -6.62 kJ/mol). After five cycles of recovery and regeneration, the ZnCoFe2O4@Ch magnetic nanocomposite was able to remove 65 % of the TC pollutant and had good chemical stability. The results showed that the magnetic nano-adsorbent ZnCoFe2O4@Ch is a novel magnetic nano-adsorbent with high adsorption capacity that can be utilized to eliminate pharmaceutical contaminants from aqueous solutions.