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Sadiq A, Khan J, Basit A, Sardar N, Ajmal MN. Rotavirus genotype dynamics in Pakistan: G9 and G12 emerging as dominant strains in vaccinated children (2019). Acta Trop 2024; 257:107300. [PMID: 38909724 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide, and vaccination has become a pivotal strategy to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. This study presents a molecular characterization of RVA genotypes circulating among vaccinated children in Pakistan during the year 2019. A total of 510 stool samples were collected from children of up to five years of age presenting with acute gastroenteritis symptoms in Rawalpindi, Islamabad regions of Pakistan. The RVA antigen was detected using ELISA on these samples. RVA G/P genotyping was performed on ELISA positive samples using Multiplex semi-nested reverse transcriptase PCR. RVA was found in 130 fecal samples, with an overall prevalence of 25.4 %. G9P[8] (20 %) is the most prevalent genotype, followed by G12P[6] (17 %), G3P[8] (14 %), G1P[8] (12 %), G2P[4] (10 %), G12P[8] (7 %), G9P[6] (7 %), G3P[6] (6 %), G3P[4] (4 %) and G1P[6] (3 %) respectively. There is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) found in the group age (in months) of RVA gastroenteritis cases as detected by RT-PCR. The highest number of positive cases was found in the age range from 0 to 6 months, followed by 7-12 months, 13-24 months, and 25-60 months, respectively. Dehydration is statistically significantly associated (p˂ 0.05) in RVA gastroenteritis cases compared to those who tested negative. This study emphasizes the significance of maintaining a continuous surveillance system and conducting genomic analysis of RVA genotypes in children upto the age of 5 years. This is essential for tracking the circulation of RVA genotypes. The results from this research enhance our comprehension of how RVA genotypes are changing over time in Pakistan, underscoring the ongoing necessity for improving vaccine coverage and effectiveness. This, in turn, can help reduce the impact of RVA-related illnesses in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan.
| | - Jadoon Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam Unievrsity, Islamabad, Pakistan; Madina Institute of Science and Technology (Affiliated), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Nageen Sardar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
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Wu C, Fu Z, Xie C, Zhao J, He F, Jiao B, Jiao B. Epidemiological Characteristics and Genotypic Features of Rotavirus and Norovirus in Jining City, 2021-2022. Viruses 2024; 16:925. [PMID: 38932216 PMCID: PMC11209223 DOI: 10.3390/v16060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea, often caused by viruses like rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NV), is a global health concern. This study focuses on RV and NV in Jining City from 2021 to 2022. Between 2021 and 2022, a total of 1052 diarrhea samples were collected. Real-Time Quantitative Fluorescent Reverse Transcriptase-PCR was used to detect RV-A, NV GI, and NV GII. For RV-A-positive samples, VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced for genotype analysis, followed by the construction of evolutionary trees. Likewise, for NV-GII-positive samples, VP1 and RdRp genes were sequenced for genotypic analysis, and evolutionary trees were subsequently constructed. Between 2021 and 2022, Jining City showed varying detection ratios: RV-A alone (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) at 7.03%, NV GI at 0.10%, NV GII alone (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) at 5.42%, and co-infection of RV-A and NV GII at 1.14%. The highest RV-A ratios were shown in children ≤1 year and 2-5 years. Jining, Jinxiang County, and Liangshan County had notably high RV-A ratios at 24.37% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII) and 18.33% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII), respectively. Jining, Qufu, and Weishan had no RV-A positives. Weishan showed the highest NV GII ratios at 35.48% (excluding co-infection of RV-A and NV GII). Genotype analysis showed that, in 2021, G9P[8] and G2P[4] were dominant at 94.44% and 5.56%, respectively. In 2022, G8P[8], G9P[8], and G1P[8] were prominent at 75.86%, 13.79%, and 10.35%, respectively. In 2021, GII.3[P12], GII.4[P16], and GII.4[P31] constituted 71.42%, 14.29%, and 14.29%, respectively. In 2022, GII.3[P12] and GII.4[P16] accounted for 55.00% and 45.00%, respectively. RV-A and NV showed varying patterns for different time frames, age groups, and regions within Jining. Genotypic shifts were also observed in prevalent RV-A and NV GII strains in Jining City from 2021 to 2022. Ongoing monitoring of RV-A and NV is recommended for effective prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Wu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongyan Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250001, China;
| | - Cuihua Xie
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Feifei He
- Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining 272000, China; (C.W.); (C.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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Li Y, Wang S, Liang F, Teng S, Wang F. Prevalence and genetic diversity of rotavirus among children under 5 years of age in China: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364429. [PMID: 38690265 PMCID: PMC11058642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence and circulating strains of rotavirus (RV) among Chinese children under 5 years of age after the implantation of the RV vaccine. Material and methods Studies published between 2019 and 2023, focused on RV-based diarrhea among children less than 5 years were systematically reviewed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed Data. We synthesized their findings to examine prevalence and genetic diversity of RV after the RV vaccine implementation using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of RV was found to be 19.00%. The highest infection rate was noted in children aged 12-23months (25.79%), followed by those aged 24-35 months (23.91%), and 6-11 months (22.08%). The serotype G9 emerged as the most predominant RV genotype, accounting for 85.48% of infections, followed by G2 (7.70%), G8 (5.74%), G1 (4.86%), and G3 (3.21%). The most common P type was P[8], representing 64.02% of RV cases. Among G-P combinations, G9P[8] was the most frequent, responsible for 78.46% of RV infections, succeeded by G8P[8] (31.22%) and G3P[8] (8.11%). Conclusion Despite the variation of serotypes observed in China, the G1, G2, G3, G8 and G9 serotypes accounted for most RV strains. The genetic diversity analysis highlights the dynamic nature of RV genotypes, necessitating ongoing surveillance to monitor changes in strain distribution and inform future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Immunization Program, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Major Infectious Disease and Biosafety, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE&MoH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Liang
- Department of Immunization Program, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sashuang Teng
- Department of Immunization Program, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Central Administrative Office, Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Zhong H, Jia R, Xu M, Liu P, Su L, Cao L, Zhu X, Lu L, Xu J. Emergence and high prevalence of unusual rotavirus G8P[8] strains in outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29368. [PMID: 38180381 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups, especially in children. We investigated the epidemiology of RVA in outpatients aged ≤ 16 years at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. In this study, 16.6% (246/1482) were infected with RVA. The detection rate of RVA was significantly higher in the year of 2021 (20.3%, 147/725) compared to the year of 2020 (14.5%, 77/531) and 2022 (9.7%, 22/226) (p = 0.000). RVA infection was prevalent in all seasons from 2020 to 2022, with a different monthly distribution observed in different years. Among 246 RVA-positive samples, 14 different RVA genotypes were detected with different frequencies. Overall, G9P[8] (45.5%, 112/246) was the most common RVA genotype, followed by G8P[8] (37.4%, 92/246) and G3P[8] (4.1%, 10/246). The prevalence of G/P combinations varied from 2020 to 2022. G9P[8] was the most prevalent circulating genotype in 2020 (68.2%, 15/22) and 2021 (57.8%, 85/147). However, G8P[8] (68.8%, 53/77) suddenly became the most prevalent genotype in 2022 after being first identified in 2020 and prevalent in 2021. The G8 strains detected in the study were all clustered to DS-1-like G8 strains with the closest genetic distance to strains circulating in Southeast Asia. Our study demonstrated the diversity of circulating RVA genotypes in Shanghai. The sudden emergence and high prevalence of unusual G8P[8] strains deserve more concern and indicate the need for continuous surveillance of RVA in children with AGE in the future to refine future vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunhua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zou W, Yu Q, Liu Y, Li Q, Chen H, Gao J, Shi C, Wang Y, Chen W, Bai X, Yang B, Zhang J, Dong B, Ruan B, Zhou L, Xu G, Hu Z, Yang X. Genotype analysis of rotaviruses isolated from children during a phase III clinical trial with the hexavalent rotavirus vaccine in China. Virol Sin 2023; 38:889-899. [PMID: 37972894 PMCID: PMC10786658 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RV6) developed by Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd (WIBP) has finished a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in four provinces of China in 2021. The trail demonstrated that RV6 has a high vaccine efficacy against the prevalent strains and is safe for use in infants. During the phase III clinical trial (2019-2021), 200 rotavirus-positive fecal samples from children with RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) were further studied. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing, VP7 and VP4 sequences were obtained and their genetic characteristics, as well as the differences in antigenic epitopes of VP7, were analyzed in detail. Seven rotavirus genotypes were identified. The predominant rotavirus genotype was G9P [8] (77.0%), followed by prevalent strains G8P [8] (8.0%), G3P [8] (3.5%), G3P [9] (1.5%), G1P [8] (1.0%), G2P [4] (1.0%), and G4P [6] (1.0%). The amino acid sequence identities of G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, and G9 genotypes of isolates compared to the vaccine strains were 98.8%, 98.2%-99.7%, 88.4%-99.4%, 98.2%, 94.2%-100%, and 93.9%-100%, respectively. Notably, the vaccine strains exhibited high similarity in amino acid sequence, with only minor differences in antigenic epitopes compared to the Chinese endemic strains. This supports the potential application of the vaccine in preventing diseases caused by rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zou
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Qingchuan Yu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Hong Chen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Jiamei Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Xuan Bai
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Biao Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Jiuwei Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Ben Dong
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Bo Ruan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Liuyifan Zhou
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Gelin Xu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China
| | - Zhongyu Hu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, China; China National Biotec Group, Beijing, 100024, China.
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