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Ghodsi S, Nouri M. Vegan gummy candies with low calorie based on celery ( Apium graveolens) puree and boswellia gum ( Boswellia thurifera). Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5785-5798. [PMID: 39139949 PMCID: PMC11317705 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gummy candy is one of the main snacks for children, and conventional samples with high calorie illustrate no nutritional value; therefore, the aim of present research was to develop functional product on priority. Celery (Apium graveolens) puree (25%-50%), boswellia gum (10%-20%), lemon essential oil (0.25%-0.50%), and sugar (10%-20%) in two levels were considered for vegan gummy candy production. Based on central composite design, the 30 types of gummy candies were prepared; afterward, response surface methodology was applied to optimize results determined by texture (hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and elasticity characteristics), physicochemical attributes (pH, sugar content, water activity, antioxidant function, and calorie restriction), and also sensory evaluation. In general, elevated concentration of celery puree and boswellia gum-enhanced hardness, chewiness, and also gumminess for treated products. On the other hand, higher sugar with lemon essential oil improved adhesion, springiness, and elasticity features. More boswellia gum, celery, lemon essential oil, and reduction in sugar elevated water activity and also declined pH for treated samples. The celery puree, boswellia gum, and lemon essential oil significantly enhanced antioxidant function of treated gummy candies. According to attained results, sugar had a remarkable influence on acceptability and in treated samples calorie decreased. Based on all investigated factors, optimal formulation was achieved including 25% celery puree, 20% boswellia gum, 0.450% lemon essential oil, and 13.55% sugar. Regarding the results, obtained gummy candy with high nutritional value and low calorie demonstrated the potential to produce extensively in food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghodsi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyRoudehen Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityRoudehenIran
| | - Marjan Nouri
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyRoudehen Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityRoudehenIran
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Gnedy MM, Hussien RA, Sleem RA, Elkelish A, AlHarbi M, Alharbi BM, Sayed AA. In vitro efficacy of Boswellia carterii resin extracts formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate against Tetranychus urticae and phytopathogenic fungi. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103843. [PMID: 38020231 PMCID: PMC10651685 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary agriculture heavily relies on pesticides for pest eradication and disease management. Consequently, current study was carried out to assess the acaricidal/antifungal efficacy of emulsifiable concentrate (10 % EC) derived from Boswellia carterii (B. carterii) against adult females of Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae), and five fungal pathogens. The meticulous examination of the chemical constitution of the crude extracts derived from the resin of B. carterii was conducted through the employment of the venerable technique known as Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC). The formulated petroleum-ether extract (FPEE) and formulated ethyl-acetate extract (FEAE) of B. carterii at a concentration of 10 mg ml-1 exhibited notable antioxidant activity with rates of 62.0 % and 90.8 %, respectively. In vitro, the FEAE exhibited potent inhibition against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi at different concentrations, whereas FPEE showed comparatively less efficacy. Interestingly, at 4000 ppm concentration, FEAE completely ceased the mycelial growth compared with the control. Moreover, following a span of 72 h of intervention, FPEE exhibited a greater degree of toxicity towards mature females of the T. urticae. This was evidenced by the LC50 value of 422.52 parts per million (ppm) for FPEE, which surpassed the LC50 value of 539.50 ppm observed for FEAE. In summary, the present study indicates that B. carterii resin formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (10 % EC) can offer a natural and effective alternative for integrated pest management, thereby reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides and offering a more environmentally sustainable strategy for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M.A. Gnedy
- Pesticide Formulation Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 11835, Egypt
| | - Rania A.A. Hussien
- Fungicides, Bactericides and Nematicides Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 11835, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Sleem
- Bioassay Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 11835, Egypt
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha AlHarbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Alharbi
- Biology Department., Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A.S. Sayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Cometa S, Busto F, Castellaneta A, Cochis A, Najmi Z, Rizzi R, Losito I, De Giglio E. Development, Analytical Characterization, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Boswellia serrata Extract-Layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid Composites. Molecules 2023; 28:6449. [PMID: 37764225 PMCID: PMC10537998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Boswellia serrata Roxb. extract (BSE), rich in boswellic acids, is well known as a potent anti-inflammatory natural drug. However, due to its limited aqueous solubility, BSE inclusion into an appropriate carrier, capable of improving its release in the biological target, would be highly desirable. Starting with this requirement, new hybrid composites based on the inclusion of BSE in a lamellar solid layered double hydroxide (LDH), i.e., magnesium aluminum carbonate, were developed and characterized in the present work. The adopted LDH exhibited a layered crystal structure, comprising positively charged hydroxide layers and interlayers composed of carbonate anions and water molecules; thus, it was expected to embed negatively charged boswellic acids. In the present case, a calcination process was also adopted on the LDH to increase organic acid loading, based on the replacement of the original inorganic anions. An accurate investigation was carried out by TGA, PXRD, FT-IR/ATR, XPS, SEM, and LC-MS to ascertain the nature, interaction, and quantification of the active molecules of the vegetal extract loaded in the developed hybrid materials. As a result, the significant disruption of the original layered structure was observed in the LDH subjected to calcination (LDHc), and this material was able to include a higher amount of organic acids when its composite with BSE was prepared. However, in vitro tests on the composites' bioactivity, expressed in terms of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, evidenced LDH-BSE as a better material compared to BSE and to LDHc-BSE, thus suggesting that, although the embedded organic acid amount was lower, they could be more available since they were not firmly bound to the clay. The composite was able to significantly decrease the number of viable pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the internalization of toxic active species into human cells imposing oxidative stress, in comparison to the BSE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Busto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.L.)
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Castellaneta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.L.)
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.C.); (Z.N.)
| | - Ziba Najmi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.C.); (Z.N.)
| | - Rosanna Rizzi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ilario Losito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.L.)
- SMART Inter-Department Research Center, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.L.)
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- SMART Inter-Department Research Center, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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