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Samadi Z, Abedanzadeh R, Norouzi E, Abdollahipour R. An external focus promotes motor learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1143-1151. [PMID: 38940066 PMCID: PMC11295103 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown that external relative to internal focus (IF) instructions may improve motor performance as well as cognitive function (e.g., attentional stability and task-focus). The aim of the study was to examine the influence of attentional focus instructions on skill acquisition and learning of an aiming task in individuals with hearing impairments. The participants (N = 39, Mage = 17.87 ± 1.88 years) performed a bowling task with their dominant hand to knock down as many pins as possible. On day 1, they were randomly divided into three attentional focus groups; IF (focus on your throwing hand), external focus (EF) (focus on the pins), and control (no-focus) instructions. Each participant performed 36 trials, divided into 3 blocks of 12 trials. Attentional focus instructions were given before each block, with a brief reminder provided after each 3 trials. On day 2, retention and transfer (further distance) tests were performed. Results showed that while there were no significant differences between groups in the pre-test, the EF group outperformed both IF and control groups in retention and transfer tests. No significant difference was found between the control and IF. The findings suggest that the advantages of the external relative to the IF and no-focus instructions may generalize to individuals with hearing impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi
- Faculty of Sport SciencesDepartment of Motor Behavior and Sport PsychologyShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Rasool Abedanzadeh
- Faculty of Sport SciencesDepartment of Motor Behavior and Sport PsychologyShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Ebrahim Norouzi
- Department of Physical EducationFarhangian UniversityTehranIran
| | - Reza Abdollahipour
- Faculty of Physical CultureDepartment of Natural Sciences in KinanthropologyPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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Castillo-Vejar L, Lizama-Fuentes M, Bascour-Sandoval C, Cuyul-Vásquez I. [Attentional focus instructions for therapeutic exercise in people with musculoskeletal disorders. A scoping review]. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2022; 56:344-352. [PMID: 35469643 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Attentional focus instructions are verbal strategies that could maximize the effects of exercise. The objective of this review was to explore and synthesize the available evidence on the incorporation of attentional focus instruction in the exercise of people with musculoskeletal disorders. A search of 11 databases was carried out until October 2020. Of 4,227 studies identified in the searches, 15 were included. The studies showed deficiencies in the conceptualization and definition of attentional focus instructions. The available evidence indicates that external focus is effective in improving motor learning and function. However, methodological limitations, clinical heterogeneity, the small number of articles included, and new experimental studies challenge the conclusions of the systematic reviews available to date. Attentional focus instructions in musculoskeletal disorders is an emerging field and requires further research. This review is a guide for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Castillo-Vejar
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Lizama-Fuentes
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - C Bascour-Sandoval
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Carrera de Kinesiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - I Cuyul-Vásquez
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
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Zulai LC, Albuquerque AM, Papcke C, Louzada FM, Scheeren EM. Postural impairments in Parkinson's disease are not associated with changes in circadian rhythms changes. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:135-141. [PMID: 31766896 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1692350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a worldwide incidence of 1% in individuals >60 years of age. Its primary characteristics include postural impairments and changes in circadian rhythms. The authors investigated the association between postural impairment and changes in circadian rhythms in 24 PD subjects diagnosed with stages 1 to 3 on the Hoehn-Yard (HY) scale and regularly used dopaminergic medication for at least 1 year (experimental group - EG) and 24 healthy elderly individuals without a history of neurological impairment as the control group (CG). Static balance tests using a force plate were performed, and activity/rest rhythm, according to the relative amplitude of L5 and M10 values, was monitored for seven consecutive days using actimetry. The results indicated differences in posturographic indicators of mediolateral displacement (ML) [EG, 4.71 ± 0.85 mm; CG, 2.79 ± 0.53 mm (p < .0001)] and anteroposterior displacement of the center of pressure (COP) [EG, 5.61 ± 2.43 mm; CG, 8.23 ± 1.72 mm (< 0.0001)], ML velocity of the COP [EG, 2.39 ± 0.83 mm/s; CG, 1.40 ± 0.18 mm/s (p < .0001)], and total distance of the COP in the tandem stance condition [EG, 227.6 ± 75 mm; CG, 53.4 ± 6.1 mm (p < .0001)] between the EG and CG. There was no correlation between relative amplitude and posturographic data for the EG. Postural impairments were verified in comparing the EG and CG; however, there was no association between posturographic indicators and activity/rest rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Claudio Zulai
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Caluê Papcke
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Piccoli A, Rossettini G, Cecchetto S, Viceconti A, Ristori D, Turolla A, Maselli F, Testa M. Effect of Attentional Focus Instructions on Motor Learning and Performance of Patients with Central Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Disorders: a Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2018; 3:E40. [PMID: 33466969 PMCID: PMC7739330 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk3030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the main rehabilitative interventions, commonly used to improve performance and motor learning. During the application of attentional focus strategies, External Focus of Attention (EFA) aiming at the movement effect has been reported to have more efficacy than Internal Focus of Attention (IFA) aiming at movement characteristics in healthy subjects. There are not many studies that compare the EFA and IFA instructions in people with Musculoskeletal (MSK) and Central Nervous System disorders (CNS). The purpose of this systematic review is to determine if IFA or EFA, in patients with CNS or MSK, may improve performance and have some effects on motor learning. Databases used for research: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PEDro, PsycINFO, SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria: Randomized Controlled Trial, quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial, enrolled subjects with CNS or with MSK and compared the efficacy of EFA and IFA. The studies suggest that the EFA is better than IFA in affecting the movement execution in patients with MSK, while conflicted findings emerge in presence of CNS disorders. Studies included in the qualitative analysis showed heterogeneous methodological features in study design and conductance, so results must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piccoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossettini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Viceconti
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Diego Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, 30126 Venezia, Italy
| | - Filippo Maselli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Marco Testa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy
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