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Zhang J, Xu J, Lim J, Nolan JK, Lee H, Lee CH. Wearable Glucose Monitoring and Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100194. [PMID: 33930258 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global cost of diabetes care exceeds $1 trillion each year with more than $327 billion being spent in the United States alone. Despite some of the advances in diabetes care including continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, the technology associated with managing diabetes has largely remained unchanged over the past several decades. With the rise of wearable electronics and novel functional materials, the field is well-poised for the next generation of closed-loop diabetes care. Wearable glucose sensors implanted within diverse platforms including skin or on-tooth tattoos, skin-mounted patches, eyeglasses, contact lenses, fabrics, mouthguards, and pacifiers have enabled noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real-time analysis of glucose excursions in ambulatory care settings. These wearable glucose sensors can be integrated with implantable drug delivery systems, including an insulin pump, glucose responsive insulin release implant, and islets transplantation, to form self-regulating closed-loop systems. This review article encompasses the emerging trends and latest innovations of wearable glucose monitoring and implantable insulin delivery technologies for diabetes management with a focus on their advanced materials and construction. Perspectives on the current unmet challenges of these strategies are also discussed to motivate future technological development toward improved patient care in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongcheon Lim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - James K. Nolan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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Tharani Kumar S, Prasanna Devi S, Krithika C, Raghavan RN. Review of Metallic Biomaterials in Dental Applications. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2020; 12:S14-S19. [PMID: 33149425 PMCID: PMC7595562 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_88_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are mainly used in manufacturing dental implants. The fact that titanium implants are immunologically very effective, new methods are being experimented to achieve utmost success rate as a biomaterial. One fundamental indicator for clinical achievement of implant is the decision of composition decided for the implant with the objective to improve osseointegration. The main objective of this study was to explore literature on dental materials used for implants, contrast them with titanium dental implants, with the aim to improve osseointegration and mechanical quality using Ti–Ga–Si dental implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tharani Kumar
- Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Prasanna Devi
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Krithika
- Department of Oral Medicine, Thai Moogambigai Dental College, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R N Raghavan
- RNR Dental Clinic and Research Services, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jo Y, Kim J, Park CH, Lee JW, Hur JH, Yang DH, Lee BY, Im DJ, Hong SJ, Kim EY, Park EA, Kim PK, Yong HS. Guideline for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging from the Korean Society of Cardiovascular Imaging-Part 1: Standardized Protocol. Korean J Radiol 2020; 20:1313-1333. [PMID: 31464111 PMCID: PMC6715561 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2019.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is widely used in many areas of cardiovascular disease assessment. This is a practical, standard CMR protocol for beginners that is designed to be easy to follow and implement. This protocol guideline is based on previously reported CMR guidelines and includes sequence terminology used by vendors, essential MR physics, imaging planes, field strength considerations, MRI-conditional devices, drugs for stress tests, various CMR modules, and disease/symptom-based protocols based on a survey of cardiologists and various appropriate-use criteria. It will be of considerable help in planning and implementing tests. In addressing CMR usage and creating this protocol guideline, we particularly tried to include useful tips to overcome various practical issues and improve CMR imaging. We hope that this document will continue to standardize and simplify a patient-based approach to clinical CMR and contribute to the promotion of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Jo
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - JeongJae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chul Hwan Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Hur
- Department of Radiology, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bae Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Im
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Hong
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pan Ki Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Seok Yong
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Mohammad Y, Alhoqbani T, Alfaqih R, Altamimi L, Alotaibi A, AlMousa A, El Shaer F, Al-Hussain F. Cardiovascular MRI: A valuable tool to detect cardiac source of emboli in cryptogenic ischemic strokes. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01620. [PMID: 32304360 PMCID: PMC7303393 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite a thorough work-up including transesophageal echocardiography, 20%-30% of stroke etiology remains cryptogenic. Transesophageal echocardiogram is considered the gold standard procedure to detect cardiac or aortic sources of emboli. In the recent years, cardiovascular MRI has emerged as a noninvasive, sound, and reliable modality to image morphological and functional abnormalities. In this study, we compared none contrast cardiovascular MRI to transesophageal echocardiogram, in the ability to detect cardiovascular source of embolus in cryptogenic ischemic strokes. METHODS A series of 24 patients who were labeled, after a thorough stroke work-up, as having cryptogenic stroke, were examined with both transesophageal echocardiogram and noncontrast cardiovascular MRI to assess for cardiac or aortic source of emboli. The cardiologist who interpreted the transesophageal echocardiograms was blinded to the results of cardiovascular MRI. At the same time, the radiologist who interpreted the cardiovascular MRI was also blinded to the results of transesophageal echocardiogram. The cardiac lesions, with potential source of emboli that were assessed in our study included left ventricular thrombus, atrial septal aneurysm, and aortic atherosclerotic disease. The ability of cardiovascular MRI to identify potential source of cardiac embolus was then compared to that of transesophageal echocardiogram. RESULTS Transesophageal echocardiogram detected ascending or arch aortic atherosclerotic plaque in 14 of the 24 patients. Other abnormalities detected include two atrial septal aneurysms and two left ventricular thrombus. Cardiovascular MRI was able to identify aortic atheroma in 13 patients; as well as three atrial septal aneurysms and two left ventricular thrombus. The accuracy of cardiovascular MRI to detect aortic atheroma, atrial septal aneurysm or left ventricular thrombus was great; 96%, 95.83%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION This small study suggests that, in patients with cryptogenic stroke, cardiovascular MRI is comparable to transesophageal echocardiogram in detecting cardiac and aortic source of emboli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Alhoqbani
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alfaqih
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Altamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Fayez El Shaer
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Al-Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gillam MH, Inacio MCS, Pratt NL, Shakib S, Roughead EE. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in People With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Population Based Cohort Study. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:748-751. [PMID: 29037957 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic tool with great benefits but has been considered contraindicated in people with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). We investigated the occurrence of MRI in people with CIEDs and associated adverse events in a national cohort. Of 17,848 people included, 56 (0.3%) had at least one MRI; 16 of 16,102 (0.1%) with MRI non-compatible CIEDs and 40 of 1746 (2%) with MRI compatible CIEDs. Following MRI exposure, hospitalisations for potential serious adverse events were rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne H Gillam
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Maria C S Inacio
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicole L Pratt
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Roughead
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Jung JI. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Reduced Concerns Regarding Safety, but Scrutiny Remains Critical. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:765-767. [PMID: 27826333 PMCID: PMC5099330 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.6.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Alaee A, Zarghami M, Farnia S, Khademloo M, Khoddad T. Comparison of brain white matter hyperintensities in methamphetamine and methadone dependent patients and healthy controls. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2014; 11:e14275. [PMID: 25035700 PMCID: PMC4090641 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have proven the development of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in methamphetamine and opioid users. Opiates and methamphetamines (MA) are the most common addictive agents in Iran. The adverse effects of drugs on the CNS is of concern to specialists and researchers, and given that the neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine is greater than opioids, it is hypothesized that the severity of WMH in patients with methamphetamine dependence is more than opioid drug-dependent individuals. Objectives: To our knowledge, this is the first research comparing the effect of methamphetamine and methadone (M) on the brain. Patients and Methods: In a historical cohort study, we compared WMH in the brain MRI of 50 methamphetamine-dependent patients, 50 methadone-dependent patients and 50 healthy volunteers who were matched for age, sex and dominant hand. Results: WMH was detected in 18 methamphetamine users, in 12 methadone users and in seven controls (P = 0.038). The site of brain lesions in MA users was mostly in the frontal lobe in 17 cases, in M users in the frontal lobe in 12 cases and in the control group, it was in the parietal lobe in four cases (P=0.001). The frontal lobes were the predominant locations of WMH in MA and M groups (P = 0.001). The frequency of brain lesions was mostly in the deep WM in 18 cases in MA users, in 12 cases in M users and in two cases in the control group (P=0.007). Hyper-signal foci of deep WM in the MA group were grade I (punctuate) in 12 cases, grade II (beginning confluence) in five cases and grade III (large confluent) in four cases. In the M group, there were six cases in grade I, three cases in grade II and one case in grade III. In the control group, there were three grade I cases, two grade II cases, and no grade III cases. Except for periventricular WMH (P = 0.13), there were statistical significant differences in the deep WMH (P = 0.007) and subcortex WMH (P = 0.01) between the three groups. The history of using other drugs and the duration of MA and M consumption were similar. The prevalence of brain lesions was generally higher in both drug user groups compared with the healthy controls. Increased WMH in the MA group was higher than the M group. Conclusions: A greater number of blood flow defects and ischemic lesions in the brain of MA users compared to opiate users may explain the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrasool Alaee
- Department of Radiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Corresponding author: Abdulrasool Alaee, Department of Radiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Tel: +98-9111515116, Fax: +98 151 2202699, E-mail:
| | - Mehran Zarghami
- Department of Psychiatry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samaneh Farnia
- Department of Psychiatry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khademloo
- Department of Community Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Talayeh Khoddad
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Denniss AR, Davis LM, Sanders P. Advances in implantable cardiac electronic devices and cardiac electrophysiology. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 21:309-10. [DOI: 10.1016/s1443-9506(12)00264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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