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Jafri F, Saad S, Riaz H, Saleem F, Gottesman S. Lack of Diversity in Transplant Hepatology Fellowship Program Directorship. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1649-1653. [PMID: 38521851 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversity in medicine has garnered significant attention in recent medical workforce research, as studies consistently reveal the beneficial impact of race-concordant visits on patient outcomes, adherence, and satisfaction. While diversity among residency and fellowship program directors has been studied in other fields, little is known about the diversity within niche fellowship programs such as transplant hepatology. This study aims to investigate the demographic information of program directors in transplant hepatology fellowship programs. METHODS We identified transplant hepatology fellowship programs and their program directors from the American College of Gastroenterology website. Multiple reviewers compiled demographic and training information from internet searches, which was analyzed using chi-square analysis. In assessing racial diversity, researchers identified perceived race using multiple indicators, including name, physical appearance, and affiliation with identity associations. RESULTS Our study analyzed data from 72 program directors, with 61.11% being male. Among the program directors, 55.6% appeared non-Hispanic White, 36.11% appeared Asian, while apparent Hispanics and Blacks represented 5.56% and 4.17%, respectively. Our analysis also found that male program directors appeared largely non-Hispanic white (72.72%) and were significantly more likely to be professors (p = 0.045) rather than associate or assistant professors. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that transplant hepatology fellowship programs are primarily led by male and non-Hispanic White physicians. To attract underrepresented medical students and residents, it is critical to make meaningful efforts to improve diversity and ensure equitable representation of leaders. Future research should focus on developing strategies to build a more inclusive workforce while addressing existing leadership inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Jafri
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Shahbaz Saad
- Texas A&M School of Medicine, Round Rock, TX, USA
| | - Hamna Riaz
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Farah Saleem
- John Sealy School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Gottesman
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Trost MJ, Allen AH, Naifeh M, Tseng A, McDermott A, Shah S, Winer JC, Hoefgen E, Thomson J, Dudas RA. Characteristics of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship Program Directors. Hosp Pediatr 2024; 14:e144-e149. [PMID: 38347822 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rapid growth in pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) fellowships has occurred, yielding many new program directors (PDs). Characteristics of PDs have potential implications on the field. To describe characteristics (demographic, educational) and scholarly interests of PHM fellowship PDs. METHODS We developed and distributed a 15-question, cross-sectional national survey to the PHM PDs listserv. Questions were pilot tested. The survey was open for 4 weeks with weekly reminders. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Fifty-six current fellowship leaders (40 PDs, 16 associate PDs [APDs]) responded, including at least 1 from 43 of 59 active PHM fellowship programs (73%). Most respondents identified as female (71%) and ≤50 years old (80%). Four (7%, n = 2 PD, 2 APD) leaders identified as underrepresented in medicine. About half (n = 31, 55.4%) completed a fellowship themselves (APDs > PDs; 87.5% vs 42.5%), and 53.5% (n = 30) had advanced nonmedical degrees (eg, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy; APDs > PDs; 62% vs 45%). Most leaders (59%, n = 33) chose multiple domains when asked to select a "primary domain of personal scholarship." Education was the most frequently selected (n = 37), followed by quality improvement (n = 29) and then clinical research (n = 19). CONCLUSIONS This survey confirms a high percentage of women as PHM fellowship leaders and highlights the need to increase diversity. Less than half of senior PDs completed a fellowship in any specialty. Leaders report interest in multiple domains of scholarship; few focus solely on clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Trost
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ann H Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Monique Naifeh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ashlie Tseng
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Snehal Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Erik Hoefgen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Robert A Dudas
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida
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Tjiptowidjojo FA, Yuan JCC, Yadav S, Reshan A, Sukotjo C, Wee AG. Profile of prosthodontics program directors in North America. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:776-782. [PMID: 36965104 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a current profile of prosthodontics program directors (PPDs) in United States dental schools and describe the current challenges and responsibilities of those serving in the position and assess the professional needs of the program directors (PDs) to better support them in their roles. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was sent to 51 participants who were identified as PPDs in North America via Qualtrics in 2019 to assess the professional needs of PDs to better support their roles. The survey consisted of 29 items organized into six sections: (1) demographic information; (2) hours and time spent in various areas of the job; (3) greatest challenges; (4) perceived importance of specific competencies; (5) opinions on the greatest rewards of the position; (6) their needs for support from the American College of Prosthodontists and advice for the future PD. RESULTS The response rate for this survey was 88.3%. Of the 45 respondents, the majority were white/non-Hispanic, followed by Asian/Pacific Islanders. The two largest and equal numbers of participants who worked for more than 10 years and between 1 and 3 years were observed with approximately 29% each, and PDs who worked less than a year occupied the least amount. Overall, 34% of PDs are on the tenure track and 80% of those are tenured. Teaching and clinical services took away the greatest time with approximately 42% and 22.1%, respectively. Thirty-five (78%) PDs listed the greatest challenge they encountered was the workload of the role. Skills listed in leadership and personnel competencies were all rated more important than most of the skills listed in management. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide gender gap and a lack of racial diversity among the PPDs. The biggest challenge faced by them is the amount of workload followed by budget and fiscal constraints. And for their improved efficiency, they gave emphasis on learning time management and continuous clinical training of newer advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy Chia-Chun Yuan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Reshan
- Membership Services and Academic Relations, American College of Prosthodontists, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alvin G Wee
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Education and Research, American College of Prosthodontists, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Rodriguez Yanes N, Vilariño V, Rodriguez GF, Rosete OJ, Zippi Z, Schachner B, Schlumbrecht MP. Gynecologic oncology fellowship leadership trends by gender. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2023; 49:101256. [PMID: 37636494 PMCID: PMC10448067 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to examine the educational, research, and leadership trends among gynecologic oncology (GYO) fellowship program directors (PD) and how these vary by gender. PDs were identified using the Society of Gynecologic Oncology Fellowship Directory. Surveys were sent to PDs' emails to obtain information about demographics, education, and research background. Publicly available data and institutional biographies were used to supplement primary survey data for incomplete responses or survey non-responders. Scopus was used to determine the h-index and number of publications and citations for each PD. Parametric data were compared using unpaired two-tailed t-tests. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed for categorical data. The significance level was p < 0.05. Approximately one-half of PDs were female (50.8%). Female PDs had a younger mean age than male PDs (46.4 years vs 51.9 years, p = 0.0014). The average overall h-index was 22 (SD = 14.5) and the average number of publications was 71.2 (SD = 63.3). The average h-index was higher in male PDs than females (27.8 vs 16.3, p = 0.0012), as were the number of publications (97.3 vs 45.8, p = 0.0008). Differences exist among GYO PDs by gender. While research productivity may be reflective of age, gender-based equity in research time should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie Vilariño
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Omar J. Rosete
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zachary Zippi
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Schachner
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew P. Schlumbrecht
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Beaulieu-Jones BR, Rasic G, Howard DS, Sachs TE, Hess D, Cooper J, Meade S. An Interval Look at the Transplant Surgery Pipeline: Insights from General Surgery Residents' Operative Experience Using ACGME Operative Logs from 2000 to 2021. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:511-519. [PMID: 36509647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the declining number of US graduates pursuing transplant surgery as well as regulatory changes regarding transplant rotations for surgical residents, this study examined the transplant surgery operative volume of residents over the past 20 years. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the ACGME database of general surgery operative logs from academic year (AY) 1999-2000 to AY 2020-2021; data was categorized into time periods relative to regulatory changes: Period 1 (1999-2010) and Period 2 (2011-2021). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS All ACGME-accredited general surgery residency programs in the US. FINDINGS On average, the proportion of transplant cases to all total major cases was about 1% and did not change during the study period (p=0.61). Each graduating resident completed an average of 10.0 ± 11.0 cases during Period 1 and 10.8 ± 12.0 cases during Period 2, representing a statistically but unlikely clinically significant increase (p=0.008). Renal transplants comprised more than 50% of each resident's operative experience in transplant surgery. The proportion of resident involvement in all renal and liver transplantations nationally did not change during the study period, ranging from 34.5-42.9% for renal and 13.8-22.4% for liver. CONCLUSIONS Resident volume in transplant surgery has largely remained consistent over the past 20 years, suggesting that changes in operative volume are unlikely driving declining interest in transplant surgery fellowship among US trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendin R Beaulieu-Jones
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordana Rasic
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Teviah E Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Hess
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Cooper
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Meade
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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VanWagner LB, McElroy L, Serper M, Verna EC. More than a few good women: honoring the ladies of the liver. Liver Transpl 2023; 29:237-240. [PMID: 36724885 PMCID: PMC10039456 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. VanWagner
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa McElroy
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Calorina, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University College of Physicians, New York, New York, USA
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Schachner B, Fanfan D, Zippi Z, Moore J, Balch CM, Klimberg VS. Trends in leadership at breast surgical oncology fellowships. GLOBAL SURGICAL EDUCATION : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR SURGICAL EDUCATION 2022; 1:49. [PMID: 38013714 PMCID: PMC9555692 DOI: 10.1007/s44186-022-00046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Breast surgical oncology is a defined sub-specialty of general surgery that focuses on the surgical management of breast disease and malignancy within a multidisciplinary context. The fellowship directors (FD) that lead these programs have been selected for their abilities. As programs do research to ensure proper training for the next generation of breast surgical oncologists, we wanted to look into the FDs responsible for their training. Methods The Breast Surgical Oncology care program list was compiled via the Society of Surgical Oncology and American Society of Breast Surgeons Accredited programs (n = 60). The demographic information that was of interest included, but was not limited to, gender, age, ethnicity/background, past residency training, past fellowship training, year graduated from residency and fellowship, year since graduation to FD appointment, time at institution till FD appointment, and Hirsch index (h-index). Results Data were collected on all 60 FDs. The average age of FDs was 52 years old, 27% of FDs are men and 73% of FDs are women. The average H-index, number of publications, and number of citations were 19, 67, and 2648, respectively. The mean graduation year from residency was 2003, and from fellowship was 2006; with a mean of 9 years post fellowship graduation until becoming an FD. The most frequently attended residency was Rush (n = 4), and the most common fellowships were Memorial Sloan Kettering (n = 8), MD Anderson Cancer Center (n = 7), and John Wayne Cancer Institute (n = 4). Nine of the FDs stayed at the same institution after doing both residency and fellowship there (15%). Conclusion This is the first study to examine the demographics of those in FD positions in Surgical Breast Oncology, which is a relatively young fellowship. We found that FDs in Breast Surgical Oncology are defined by their high output of research. This qualification may be why the average age, and the number of years to FD are higher compared to other specialties where this research has been undertaken. Initial evaluation of FDs suggest more diversity in this field is needed. Further insight into the leaders training our next generation of surgeons is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schachner
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Dino Fanfan
- Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Zachary Zippi
- Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Jessica Moore
- University of Miami/Jackson Health System, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, Fl 33136 USA
| | - Charles M. Balch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street FCT 17.6043, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - V. Suzanne Klimberg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street FCT 17.6043, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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