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van der Bijl P, Kostyukevich MV, Khidir M, Ajmone Marsan N, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Left ventricular remodelling and change in left ventricular global longitudinal strain after cardiac resynchronization therapy: prognostic implications. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 20:1112-1119. [PMID: 31329827 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can reduce left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and a decrease of ≥15% is defined as a response. CRT can also improve LV global longitudinal strain (GLS). Changes in LVESV and LV GLS are individually associated with outcome post-CRT. We investigated LVESV and LV GLS changes and prognostic implications of improvement in LVESV and/or LV GLS, compared with no improvement in either parameter. METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline and 6-month echocardiograms were analysed from CRT recipients with heart failure. LV reverse remodelling was defined as a ≥15% reduction in LVESV at 6 months post-CRT. A ≥5% absolute improvement in LV GLS was defined as a change in LV GLS. A total of 1185 patients were included (mean age 65 ± 10 years, 73% male), and those with an improvement in LVESV and LV GLS (n = 131, 11.1%) had significantly lower mortality compared with other groups. On multivariable analysis, an improvement in both LVESV and LV GLS [hazard ratio (HR): 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31-0.71; P < 0.001] or an improvement in either LVESV or LV GLS (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.47-0.71; P < 0.001) were independently associated with better prognosis, compared with no improvement in either parameter. CONCLUSION Either a reduction in LVESV and/or an improvement in LV GLS at 6 months post-CRT are independently associated with improved long-term prognosis, compared with no change in both LVESV and LV GLS. This supports the use of LV GLS as a meaningful parameter in defining CRT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter van der Bijl
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marina V Kostyukevich
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mand Khidir
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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van der Bijl P, Vo NM, Kostyukevich MV, Mertens B, Ajmone Marsan N, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Prognostic implications of global, left ventricular myocardial work efficiency before cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 20:1388-1394. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) restores mechanical efficiency to the failing left ventricular (LV) by resynchronization of contraction. Global, LV myocardial work efficiency (GLVMWE) can be quantified non-invasively with echocardiography. The prognostic implication of GLVMWE remains unexplored, and we therefore related GLVMWE before CRT to long-term prognosis.
Methods and results
Data were analysed from an ongoing registry of patients with Class I indications for CRT. GLVMWE was defined as the ratio of constructive work in all LV segments, divided by the sum of constructive and wasted work in all LV segments, as a percentage. It was derived from speckle tracking strain echocardiography and non-invasive blood pressure measurements, taken pre-CRT. Patients were dichotomized according to baseline, median GLVMWE [75%; interquartile range (IQR) 66–81%]. A total of 153 patients (66 ± 10 years, 72% male, 48% ischaemic heart disease) were analysed. After a median follow-up of 57 months (IQR 28–76 months), 31% of patients died. CRT recipients with less efficient baseline energetics (GLVMWE <75%) demonstrated lower event rates than patients with more efficient baseline energetics (GLVMWE ≥75%) (log-rank test, P = 0.029). On multivariable analysis, global LV wasted work ratio <75% pre-CRT was independently associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.92; P = 0.027), suggesting that the potential for improvement in LV efficiency is important for CRT benefit.
Conclusion
GLVMWE can be derived non-invasively from speckle tracking strain echocardiography and non-invasive blood pressure recordings. A lower GLVMWE before CRT is independently associated with improved long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter van der Bijl
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ngoc Mai Vo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marina V Kostyukevich
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- FSBO “NMRC of Cardiology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 3rd Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bart Mertens
- Bioinformatics Center of Expertise, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Velu JF, Baan J, de Bruin-Bon HACM, van Mourik MS, Nassif M, Koch KT, Vis MM, van den Brink RB, Boekholdt SM, Piek JJ, Bouma BJ. Can stress echocardiography identify patients who will benefit from percutaneous mitral valve repair? Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 35:645-651. [PMID: 30499057 PMCID: PMC6482124 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether stress echocardiography improves selection of patients who might have clinical benefit from percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip. In total, 39 patients selected for MitraClip implantation underwent preprocedural low-dose stress (dobutamine or handgrip) echocardiography from which stroke volume, ejection fraction and MR grade were measured. Outcome after MitraClip implantation was determined by New York Heart Association classification and Quality of Life questionnaires. Clinical benefit from MitraClip treatment was defined as survival and NYHA class I–II at 6 months follow-up. In total, 36 patients with a technically successful procedure were included in the analysis (mean age 79 ± 8 years, 47% male, 50% functional MR). Clinical benefit was achieved in 18 patients. All seven patients with MR decreasing during stress remained in NYHA III–IV or died within 6 months, while 62% (18 out of 29) of the patients with stable or increased MR during stress had clinical benefit (p = 0.008). Significant increase in Quality of Life on 4/8 subscales of the RAND Short Form-36 questionnaire was observed: Physical Functioning (p < 0.001), Social Functioning (p < 0.001), Mental Health (p = 0.022) and Vitality (p = 0.026) was seen in patients with an increase in stroke volume during stress echocardiography. Patients with a decreased MR during preprocedural stress echocardiography remained more symptomatic than patients with a stable or increased MR during stress. Stress echocardiography may support patient selection for percutaneous mitral valve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Velu
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Baan
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H A C M de Bruin-Bon
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S van Mourik
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Nassif
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K T Koch
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M M Vis
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R B van den Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Boekholdt
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Piek
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J Bouma
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mele D, Bertini M, Malagù M, Nardozza M, Ferrari R. Current role of echocardiography in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 22:699-722. [PMID: 28714039 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Patients are usually assessed by echocardiography, which provides a number of anatomical and functional information used for cardiac dyssynchrony assessment, prognostic stratification, identification of the optimal site of pacing in the left ventricle, optimization of the CRT device, and patient follow-up. Compared to other cardiac imaging techniques, echocardiography has the advantage to be non-invasive, repeatable, and safe, without exposure to ionizing radiation or nefrotoxic contrast. In this article, we review current evidence about the role of echocardiography before, during, and after the implantation of a CRT device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Mele
- Centro Cardiologico Universitario and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,Noninvasive Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Cona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertini
- Centro Cardiologico Universitario and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Malagù
- Centro Cardiologico Universitario and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Nardozza
- Centro Cardiologico Universitario and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Centro Cardiologico Universitario and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, RA, Italy
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Papageorgiou N, Providência R, Lambiase PD, Tousoulis D, Lloyd G, Bhattacharyya S. Does presence of left ventricular contractile reserve improve response to cardiac resynchronization therapy? An updated meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 252:224-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ciampi Q, Carpeggiani C, Michelassi C, Villari B, Picano E. Left ventricular contractile reserve by stress echocardiography as a predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:223. [PMID: 28814264 PMCID: PMC5559857 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) during stress echo (SE) may provide favorable response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure patients. The aim of the study was to perform a meta-analysis of available SE data in this set of patients. Methods From a Pubmed and Advance Google Scholar database web based search scan up to December 2016, we initially identified 5906 records. From this initial set, we removed that did not include SE and duplicate studies. We assessed for eligibility 71 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, and 60 of them did not meet the inclusion criteria as follow: 1) heart failure patients with NYHA class III and IV, depressed ejection fraction (EF <35%) and QRS duration ≥120 ms at study entry; 2) SE with assessment of LVCR; 3) Follow-up data. LVCR during SE was identified as reduction in wall motion score index and/or an increase in EF. Results Eleven studies with 861 patients (mean age 67 ± 9 years, ejection fraction 25 ± 6%) were included in the meta-analysis. The type of stress was either exercise (n = 2) or dobutamine (n = 9), the latter with low-dose (10 mcg) in two, intermediate-dose (20 mcg) in five, and high-dose (40 mcg) protocol in two studies. LVCR was detected in 555 patients (63%) and CRT-response was present in 584 (66%). The overall odds ratio for LVCR to predict a favorable CRT response was 2.06 (95%, CI 1.70–2-43), Z score: 11.055, p < 0.001. Conclusion The presence of LVCR during SE with either dobutamine or exercise is associated with a greater chance of response to CRT. This parameter is now ready to be tested in a prospective multicenter trial to select patients more likely to benefit from CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirino Ciampi
- Division of Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Viale Principe di Napoli, 12, I-82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | | | | | - Bruno Villari
- Division of Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Viale Principe di Napoli, 12, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
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Xue J, Zhao F, Wang Y, Gu J, Gao J, Wang X, Zhou H. Integrative Cardiac Reserve. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000369808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Murín P, Mitro P, Valocik G, Spurný P. Global myocardial contractile reserve assessed by high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts response to the cardiac resynchronization therapy. Echocardiography 2014; 32:490-5. [PMID: 25059770 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial contractile reserve (CR) is a strong prognostic factor in patients with heart failure. The presence of significant myocardial fibrosis can lead to a reduced response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We assumed that myocardial CR assessed by high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) would predict response to CRT. METHODS Fifty-two consecutive symptomatic patients with heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III), with depressed ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (26.3 ± 6.9%) and dyssynchronous contractions (QRS duration 149.8 ± 23.8 msec) underwent DSE before CRT implantation. The difference in EF at rest and at peak (40 μg/kg per minute) DSE indicated global CR. Responders to CRT were defined by a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume of ≥15% and/or an increase in EF of ≥5% after 6 months of CRT. RESULTS During high-dose dobutamine infusion, responders (28 patients, 54%) showed a greater increase in EF compared with nonresponders (Δ 11 ± 7% vs. Δ 2 ± 9%, P = 0.007). CR correlated moderately with an improvement in EF after 6 months of CRT (r = 0.50, P = 0.0009). Furthermore, responders showed significant improvement in clinical status, evaluated by a reduction in NYHA functional class (-0.8 ± 0.6 vs. 0.1 ± 0.4, P = 0.02), compared with nonresponders. A 7% exercise-induced increase in EF yielded sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 87% in predicting the response to CRT after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial CR assessed by high-dose DSE can play a potentially important role in identifying responders to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Murín
- Department of Cardiology, Safarik University and East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Scali MC, Simioniuc A, Dini FL, Marzilli M. The potential value of integrated natriuretic peptide and echo-guided heart failure management. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2014; 12:27. [PMID: 25037453 PMCID: PMC4114095 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-12-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in guiding Heart Failure (HF) therapy with Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) or N-terminal prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), with the goal of lowering concentrations of these markers (and maintaining their suppression) as part of the therapeutic approach in HF. However, recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and American Heart Association/ American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) guidelines did not recommend biomarker-guided therapy in the management of HF patients. This has likely to do with the conceptual, methodological, and practical limitations of the Natriuretic Peptides (NP)-based approach, including biological variability, slow time-course, poor specificity, cost and venipuncture, as well as to the lack of conclusive scientific evidence after 15 years of intensive scientific work and industry investment in the field. An increase in NP can be associated with accumulation of extra-vascular lung water, which is a sign of impending acute heart failure. If this is the case, an higher dose of loop diuretics will improve symptoms. However, if no lung congestion is present, diuretics will show no benefit and even harm. It is only a combined clinical, bio-humoral (for instance with evaluation of renal function) and echocardiographic assessment which may unmask the pathophysiological (and possibly therapeutic) heterogeneity underlying the same clinical and NP picture. Increase in B-lines will trigger increase of loop diuretics (or dialysis); the marked increase in mitral insufficiency (at baseline or during exercise) will lead to increase in vasodilators and to consider mitral valve repair; the presence of substantial inotropic reserve during stress will give a substantially higher chance of benefit to beta-blocker or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT). To each patient its own therapy, not with a "blind date" with symptoms and NP and carpet bombing with drugs, but with an open-eye targeted approach on the mechanism predominant in that individual patient. A monocular, specialistic, unidimensional approach to HF can miss its pathogenetic and clinical complexity, which only can be overcome with an integrated, versatile and tailored approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Scali
- Unità Operativa Malattie Cardiovascolari 1, Dipartimento Cardio-Toracico e Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Salimian S, Thibault B, Finnerty V, Grégoire J, Harel F. The effects of dobutamine stress on cardiac mechanical synchrony determined by phase analysis of gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in a canine model. J Nucl Cardiol 2014; 21:375-83. [PMID: 24402711 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-013-9847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise identification of left ventricular (LV) systolic mechanical dyssynchrony may be useful in optimizing the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure (HF) patients. However, LV dyssynchrony is mostly measured at rest; patients often suffer from the HF symptoms during exercise. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to examine the impacts of stress on LV synchronism with phase analysis of gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (GMPS) within a normal animal cohort. METHODS Stress was induced with different levels of dobutamine infusion in six healthy canine subjects. Hemodynamic properties were assessed by LV pressure measurements. Also, LV mechanical synchronism (coordination of LV septal and lateral wall at the time of contraction) was determined by phase analysis of GMPS using commercially available QGS software and in-house MHI4MPI software, with the thickening- and displacement-based method. Synchrony indexes in MHI4MPI included the septal-to-lateral delay and homogeneity index, derived from each of the two methods. Also, bandwidth, SD, and entropy (synchrony indexes) of the QGS software were assessed. RESULTS LVEF increased from 36.7% ± 8.7% at rest to 53.67% ± 12.34% at 20 μg · kg(-1) · minute(-1) (P < .001). Also, cardiac output increased from 3.67 ± 1.0 L · minute(-1) at rest to 8.4 ± 2.6 L · minute(-1) at 10 μg · kg(-1) · minute(-1) (P < .001). The same trend was observed for dP/dt max which increased from 1,247 ± 382.7 at rest to 5,062 ± 1,800 mm Hg · s(-1) at 10 μg · kg(-1) · minute(-1) (P < .01). Entropy decreased from 55.2% ± 8% at baseline to 43.5% ± 8.5% at 5 and 43.0% ± 3.7% at 10 μg · kg(-1) · minute(-1) dobutamine (P < .01). Thickening homogeneity index showed a difference from 91.7% ± 5.53% at rest to 98.2% ± 0.75% at 20 μg · kg(-1) · minute(-1) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Dobutamine stimulation could amplify the ventricular synchronism, and the thickening-based approach is more accurate than wall displacement for assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony in GMPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salimian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
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11
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Valzania C, Gadler F, Boriani G, Eriksson MJ. Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on myocardial contractile reserve during exercise. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 13:406-11. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Valzania
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna; via Massarenti 9 40138 Bologna Italy
| | - Fredrik Gadler
- Department of Cardiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna; via Massarenti 9 40138 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria J. Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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12
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Lim P, Donal E, Lafitte S, Derumeaux G, Habib G, Réant P, Thivolet S, Lellouche N, Grimm RA, Gueret P. Multicentre study using strain delay index for predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (MUSIC study). Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 13:984-91. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lim
- Cardiovascular department; Henri Mondor University Hospital (APHP and INSERM U841); Créteil France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Pontchaillou University Hospital; Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Lellouche
- Cardiovascular department; Henri Mondor University Hospital (APHP and INSERM U841); Créteil France
| | | | - Pascal Gueret
- Cardiovascular department; Henri Mondor University Hospital (APHP and INSERM U841); Créteil France
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13
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Chattopadhyay S, Alamgir MF, Nikitin NP, Fraser AG, Clark AL, Cleland JG. The effect of pharmacological stress on intraventricular dyssynchrony in left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 10:412-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew L. Clark
- Department of Cardiology; University of Hull; Kingston-upon-Hull UK
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Stankovic I, Aarones M, Smith HJ, Voros G, Kongsgaard E, Neskovic AN, Willems R, Aakhus S, Voigt JU. Dynamic relationship of left-ventricular dyssynchrony and contractile reserve in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:48-55. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kydd AC, McCormick LM, Dutka DP. Optimizing benefit from CRT: role of speckle tracking echocardiography, the importance of LV lead position and scar. Expert Rev Med Devices 2013; 9:521-36. [PMID: 23116079 DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy is demonstrated to be effective in patients with advanced heart failure. Correcting mechanical dyssynchrony is proposed as the predominant mechanism of response. Achieving optimum left ventricular lead position, at the site of maximal mechanical dyssynchrony but away from transmural scar, is identified as one of the main determinants of both symptomatic and prognostic benefit. Strategies employing multimodality cardiac imaging techniques have been used to identify this optimal pacing site, in addition to any potential anatomical limitations to successful implantation. Speckle tracking echocardiography offers prospective lead targeting, incorporating pathophysiological determinants of cardiac resynchronization therapy response. This review considers the key factors in defining optimum left ventricular lead location, emphasizing the role of myocardial scar. The use of speckle tracking echocardiography and the potential for this technique to be incorporated into routine practice to guide the implant strategy in an individual patient is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Kydd
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Tas MH, Aksakal E, Gurlertop Y, Simsek Z, Gundogdu F, Sevimli S, Bakirci EM, Karakelleoglu S. Assesment of myocardial ischemia by combination of tissue synchronisation imaging and dobutamine stress echocardiography. Korean Circ J 2013; 43:384-90. [PMID: 23882287 PMCID: PMC3717421 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.6.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is an important non-invasive imaging method for evaluating ischemia. However, wall motion interpretation can be impaired by the experience level of the interpreter and the subjectivity of the visual assessment. In our study we aimed to combine DSE and tissue syncronisation imaging to increase sensitivity for detecting ischemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 50 patients with indications for DSE were included in the study. In 25 patients we found DSE positive for ischemia and in the other 25 patients we found it to be negative. The negative group was accepted as the control group. There was no significant difference in terms of risk factors and echocardiographic parameters between the two groups, except for wall motion scores. In both groups, left ventricular dyssychrony was accepted as the difference between time to peak systolic velocity (Ts) in the reciprocal four couple of non-apical segments at rest and during peak stress. Timings were corrected for heart rate. We compared the differences of the dyssynchronisation value at rest and during peak stress to determine the distinctions within the groups and between the groups of DSE positive and negative patients. RESULTS We found that stress and ischemia did not create any significant difference over the left intraventricular dyssynchrony with DSE, although at the segmenter level it prolonged the time to peak systolic velocity (p<0.05). These alterations did not show any significant difference between positive and negative DSE groups. CONCLUSION As a result, this segmenter dyssynchrony and the time to peak systolic velocity, which is corrected for heart rate, did not enhance any new value over DSE for detecting ischemia.
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Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy reduces mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients with wide QRS and severe impairment of left ventricular systolic function, who are symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy. However, a high percentage of patients fail to show clinical or echocardiographic response to this treatment. Beyond current selection criteria, other elements, such as QRS duration and morphology, concomitant medical therapy, degree of right ventricle dysfunction, myocardial viability, presence of left ventricular dyssynchrony, and associated renal dysfunction, play a crucial role in modulating the response to cardiac resynchronization. Consequently, they should be part of the standard pre-implant evaluation, as they could be used to identify patients who are very unlikely to be responders.
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Gasparini M, Muto C, Iacopino S, Zanon F, Dicandia C, Distefano G, Favale S, Peraldo Neja C, Bragato R, Davinelli M, Mangoni L, Denaro A. Low-dose dobutamine test associated with interventricular dyssynchrony: a useful tool to identify cardiac resynchronization therapy responders: data from the LOw dose DObutamine stress-echo test in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (LODO-CRT) phase 2 study. Am Heart J 2012; 163:422-9. [PMID: 22424013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is effective in patients with heart failure, but 30% to 50% of subjects are classified as nonresponders. Identifying responders remains a challenging task. AIMS The LODO-CRT trial investigated the association between left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) and clinical and echocardiographic long-term CRT response. METHODS This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Left ventricular contractile reserve was detected using a dobutamine stress echocardiography test, defined as an ejection fraction increase of >5 points. Clinical CRT response was defined as the absence of major cardiovascular events (ie, cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization). Echocardiographic response was defined as a left ventricle end-systolic volume reduction of >10%. RESULTS A total of 221 CRT-indicated patients were studied (80% presented LVCR). During a mean follow-up of 15 ± 5 months, 17 patients died and 16 were hospitalized due to heart failure. The proportion of clinical responders was 155 (88%) of 177 and 33 (75%) of 44 (P = .036) in the groups with and without LVCR, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in cardiac survival/hospitalization between patients with and without LVCR. The proportion of echocardiographic responders was 144 (87%) of 166 and 16 (42%) of 38 in the groups with and without LVCR (P < .001), respectively; LVCR showed 90% sensitivity and 87% positive predictive value to prefigure echocardiographic CRT responders. Multivariable analysis identified LVCR and interventricular dyssynchrony as independent predictors of CRT response. The concomitant presence of both factors showed 99% specificity and 83% sensitivity in detecting responders. CONCLUSION The presence of LVCR helps in predicting a clinical and echocardiographic CRT response. Concomitant assessment of LVCR and interventricular dyssynchrony accurately stratifies responder and nonresponder patients.
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Verna E, Ghiringhelli S, Scotti S, Caravati F. Evaluation of baseline contractile reserve vs dyssynchrony as a predictor of functional improvement and long term outcome after resynchronization pacing therapy: a radionuclide stress study. J Nucl Cardiol 2012; 19:53-62. [PMID: 21769704 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-011-9421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the predictive value of baseline ventricular dyssynchrony and myocardial contractile reserve (mCR) in identifying responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS We prospectively studied 57 patients selected for CRT according to current recommendations. Regional dyssynchrony was evaluated by parametric phase imaging of ecg-gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA). The mean inter-ventricular phase delay and the standard deviation to mean left ventricular (LV) phase angle were used as a measure of inter- and intra-ventricular dyssynchrony, respectively. Change in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) during low-dose dobutamine (LDD) was measured to assess mCR. ERNA was repeated at 6 months to evaluate changes in LVEF after CRT. Combined end-points of re-hospitalization for heart failure, heart transplantation, and cardiac death were assessed over a period of 76 months (mean 43 ± 31). RESULTS Baseline dyssynchrony was present in most patients (85%). After CRT only one half of patients showed a reduction in intra-ventricular dyssynchrony and 33% an increase in LVEF by >5%. Improvement of LVEF was not predicted by baseline LVEF, clinical presentation, dyssynchrony parameters or QRS duration. There was a significant relationship between changes in LVEF during LDD testing and after CRT (r = 0.65; P < .0001). Logistic regression analysis identified mCR as independent predictor of improvement in LVEF (P = .039; OR = 3.84; CI 95% = 1.06-13.9), resynchronization (P = .046; OR = 4.20; CI 95% = 1.03-17.2), and event-free survival (P = .002; OR = 0.10; CI 95% = 0.02-0.43). CONCLUSIONS In patients with left ventricular dysfunction and baseline dyssynchrony as assessed by ERNA, evaluation of mCR during LDD may help predicting functional improvement and selecting potential responders to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Verna
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale di Circolo & Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Viale Borri 56, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Mele D, Ascione L, Caso P, Manuppelli V, Martiniello AR, Nipote C. Ruolo attuale dell’ecocardiografia nella terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcecho.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Kindermann M, Mahfoud F, Ukena C, Fröhlig G. [Cardiac resynchronization therapy: preoperative screening. How can we reliably predict response to CRT?]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2011; 20:131-42. [PMID: 19672672 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-009-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established therapy for patients with advanced heart failure, depressed left ventricular function, and wide QRS complex. However, about 30 to 45% of patients do not respond to CRT. Assuming that the main therapeutic action of CRT is the correction of dyssynchronous myocardial contraction, a plethora of echocardiographic dyssynchrony parameters have been proposed to improve the prediction of response to CRT. However, one multicenter study has recently questioned the utility of any of these indexes. This review delineates the various causes of non-response to CRT, explains the different levels and mechanisms of dyssynchrony and gives a critical overview of currently available echocardiographic techniques for assessment of dyssynchrony. Based upon a discussion of the evidence coming from randomized multicenter studies and against the background of national and international cardiac societies' guideline recommendations on CRT, a rational basis for the evaluation of patients for CRT is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kindermann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
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Usefulness of cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with right bundle branch block: Is viability an important piece of the puzzle? Int J Cardiol 2010; 145:e17-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Muto C, Gasparini M, Neja CP, Iacopino S, Davinelli M, Zanon F, Dicandia C, Distefano G, Donati R, Calvi V, Denaro A, Tuccillo B. Presence of left ventricular contractile reserve predicts midterm response to cardiac resynchronization therapy—results from the LOw dose DObutamine Stress-Echo Test in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (LODO-CRT) Trial. Heart Rhythm 2010; 7:1600-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sénéchal M, Lancellotti P, Magne J, Garceau P, Champagne J, Blier L, Molin F, Philippon F, Marie M, O’Hara G, Dubois M. Contractile Reserve Assessed Using Dobutamine Echocardiography Predicts Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Prospective Validation in Patients with Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony. Echocardiography 2010; 27:668-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Iacopino S, Gasparini M, Zanon F, Dicandia C, Distefano G, Curnis A, Donati R, Neja CP, Calvi V, Davinelli M, Novelli V, Muto C. Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography to Assess Left Ventricular Contractile Reserve for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Data From the Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography to Predict Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response (LODO-CRT) Tr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:104-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7133.2010.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Van de Veire NR, Delgado V, Schuijf JD, van der Wall EE, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ. The role of non-invasive imaging in patient selection. Europace 2010; 11 Suppl 5:v32-9. [PMID: 19861389 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eup278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established therapy for patients with advanced heart failure, depressed left ventricular (LV) function and wide QRS complex. A substantial amount of patients do not respond to CRT. Recent studies suggest that assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony may allow identification of potential CRT responders. In addition, presence of scar tissue and venous anatomy may play a role in the selection of candidates. This article summarizes the role of non-invasive cardiac imaging modalities addressing these issues in the selection of CRT candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico R Van de Veire
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO BOX 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sénéchal M, Lancellotti P, Garceau P, Champagne J, Dubois M, Magne J, Blier L, Molin F, Philippon F, Dumesnil JG, Pierard L, O'Hara G. Usefulness and limitation of dobutamine stress echocardiography to predict acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Echocardiography 2009; 27:50-7. [PMID: 19725852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that a long-term response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) could correlate with myocardial viability in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Contractile reserve and viability in the region of the pacing lead have not been investigated in regard to acute response after CRT. METHODS Fifty-one consecutive patients with advanced heart failure, LV ejection fraction <or= 35%, QRS duration > 120 ms, and intraventricular asynchronism >or= 50 ms were prospectively included. The week before CRT implantation, the presence of viability was evaluated using dobutamine stress echocardiography. Acute responders were defined as a >or=15% increase in LV stroke volume. RESULTS The average of viable segments was 5.8 +/- 1.9 in responders and 3.9 +/- 3 in nonresponders (P = 0.03). Viability in the region of the pacing lead had an excellent sensitivity (96%), but a low specificity (56%) to predict acute response to CRT. Mitral regurgitation (MR) was reduced in 21 patients (84%) with acute response. The presence of MR was a poor predictor of response (sensibility 93% and specificity 17%). However, combining the presence of MR and viability in the region of the pacing lead yields a sensibility (89%) and a specificity (70%) to predict acute response to CRT. CONCLUSION Myocardial viability is an important factor influencing acute hemodynamic response to CRT. In acute responders, significant MR reduction is frequent. The combined presence of MR and viability in the region of the pacing lead predicts acute response to CRT with the best accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sénéchal
- Department of Cardiology, Institut de Cardiologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Magne J, Dubois M, Champagne J, Dumesnil JG, Pibarot P, Philippon F, O'Hara G, Sénéchal M. Usefulness of NT-pro BNP monitoring to identify echocardiographic responders following cardiac resynchronization therapy. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2009; 7:39. [PMID: 19695099 PMCID: PMC2744656 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-7-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular (LV) volumes, mitral regurgitation (MR) severity and symptoms of patients with heart failure (HF). However, ≥ 30% of patients have no significant clinical or echocardiographic improvement following CRT. Reverse remodeling after CRT correlates with improved clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that in NT-pro BNP monitoring is accurate to identify responders following CRT. Methods 42 consecutive patients (mean age 66 ± 12 years, male 68%) with HF undergoing CRT were prospectively enrolled. Responders at follow-up were defined by echocardiography (decrease in LV end systolic volume ≥ 15%). Echocardiography and NT-pro BNP measurement were performed at baseline and repeated 3 to 6 month after CRT. Results There was no significant difference between responders (n = 29, 69%) and non-responders (n = 13, 31%) regarding baseline NT-pro BNP level. Responders had significantly higher decrease in NT-pro BNP levels during follow-up than non-responders (absolute: -1428 ± 1333 pg.ml-1 vs. -61 ± 959 pg.ml-1, p = 0.002; relative: -45 ± 28% vs. 2 ± 28%, p < 0.0001). A decrease of ≥ 15% in NT-pro BNP 3–6 months after CRT identifies echocardiographic responders with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 77%. Conclusion NT-pro BNP monitoring can accurately identify echocardiographic responders after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Magne
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Cardiology, Quebec, Canada.
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Lim P, Mitchell-Heggs L, Buakhamsri A, Thomas JD, Grimm RA. Impact of left ventricular size on tissue Doppler and longitudinal strain by speckle tracking for assessing wall motion and mechanical dyssynchrony in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22:695-701. [PMID: 19501329 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial dysfunction and left ventricular (LV) geometry deformation may reduce the accuracy of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in assessing myocardial contractility. METHODS In 92 patients with heart failure who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), we assessed the impact of LV end-diastolic volume on the accuracy of peak longitudinal velocity (TDI) and strain (epsilon(L) by speckle tracking) to assess regional wall motion and LV dyssynchrony. RESULTS Peak-epsilon correlated to normal (-13% +/- 6%, n = 259), hypokinetic (-10% +/- 5%, n = 347), and akinetic (-7% +/- 5%, n = 498, P < .0001) wall motion independent of LV size. In contrast, velocity failed to distinguish normal from dysfunctional segments in patients with severe LV dilatation (end-diastolic volume > 250 mL). The 12 standard deviation of time to peak systolic velocity and the opposing septal-lateral wall delay by strain and TDI failed to predict response to CRT, whereas the 12 segment standard deviation of time to peak epsilon correlated to end-systolic volume reduction (r = -0.39, P < .001). CONCLUSION Accuracy of TDI in assessing LV wall regional motion is limited in severely dilated ventricles and probably affects LV dyssynchrony measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Hawkins NM, Petrie MC, Burgess MI, McMurray JJ. Selecting Patients for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:1944-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lancellotti P, Senechal M, Moonen M, Donal E, Magne J, Nellessen E, Attena E, Cosyns B, Melon P, Pierard L. Myocardial contractile reserve during exercise predicts left ventricular reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2009; 10:663-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jep033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ciampi Q, Pratali L, Citro R, Piacenti M, Villari B, Picano E. Identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy by contractile reserve during stress echocardiography. Eur J Heart Fail 2009; 11:489-96. [PMID: 19324921 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains a challenge. We assessed the role of dyssynchrony (DYS) and contractile reserve (CR) in identifying CRT responders. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-nine patients (55% with ischaemic aetiology) referred for CRT (ejection fraction < or =35%, New York Heart Association > or =III, and QRS duration > or =120 ms) underwent baseline evaluation of DYS and dobutamine stress-echo [up to 40 microg/kg/min: CR was defined as a wall motion score index (WMSI) variation > or =0.20]. CRT responders were identified by clinical and/or echocardiographic [end-systolic volume (ESV) decrease > or =15%] follow-up criteria. During a median follow-up of 11 months, 46 patients (66%) were classified as clinical responders. Reverse remodelling was found in 34 of the 59 patients (58%) with echocardiographic follow-up. CR was present in 78% of clinical responders (P = 0.001) and in 69% with reverse remodelling (P = 0.005). DYS was equally present in the two groups. Reverse remodelling was correlated with rest-stress changes in ESV (r = 0.439, P = 0.003) and in WMSI (r = 0.450, P = 0.001), but not with DYS. CR (OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 1.4-27.6, P = 0.015) was the best predictor of response to CRT. CONCLUSION Patients with CR show a favourable clinical and reverse LV remodelling response to CRT. This finding shifts the focus from electrical (dyssynchrony) to the myocardial substrate of functional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirino Ciampi
- Division of Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Viale Principe di Napoli, Benevento, Italy.
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Lafitte S, Reant P, Zaroui A, Donal E, Mignot A, Bougted H, Belghiti H, Bordachar P, Deplagne A, Chabaneix J, Franceschi F, Deharo JC, Dos Santos P, Clementy J, Roudaut R, Leclercq C, Habib G. Validation of an echocardiographic multiparametric strategy to increase responders patients after cardiac resynchronization: a multicentre study. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:2880-7. [PMID: 19136487 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We sought to develop and validate a multiparametric algorithm by applying previously validated criteria to predict cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response in a multicentre study. Thirty per cent of patients treated by CRT fail to respond to the treatment. Although dyssynchrony by echocardiography has been used to improve the selection of patients, the complexity of myocardial contraction has generated a moderate improvement using any of several individual parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred end-stage heart failure patients [NYHA 3-4 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<35%] with QRS>120 ms were included. Echocardiography analysis focused on the following parameters: atrioventricular dyssynchrony, interventricular dyssynchrony, and intraventricular dyssynchrony that integrated radial (PSAX M-mode) and longitudinal [tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)] evaluations for spatial (wall to wall) and temporal (wall end-systole to mitral valve opening) dyssynchrony diagnosis. Following CRT implantation, patients were monitored for 6 months with functional and echo evaluations defining responders by a 15% reduction in end-systolic volume. Mean QRS duration and LVEF were 152 +/- 17 ms and 25 +/- 8%. There was a CRT response in 57% of patients, independent of QRS width. Mean prevalence of positive criteria was 34 +/- 8%. Feasibility and variability averages were 81 +/- 20% and 9 +/- 4%. In a single parametric approach, ranges of sensitivities and specificities were 18-65% and 45-84% with a mean of 41% and 66%. A multiparametric approach by focusing on criteria combination decreased the mean rate of false-positive results to 14 +/- 12%, 5 +/- 4%, 2 +/- 2%, and 1 +/- 2% from one to four parameters, respectively. More than three parameters were associated with a specificity above 90% and a positive predictive value above 65%. Reproducibility of this global strategy was 91%. CONCLUSION A multiparametric echocardiographic strategy based on the association of conventional criteria is a better indicator of CRT response than the existing single parametric approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Lafitte
- Cardiologic Hospital & Inserm 828, Bordeaux University Hospital Centre, Bordeaux, France.
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Edner M, Kim Y, Hansen KN, Nissen H, Espersen G, La Rosee K, Maru F, Freemantle N, Cleland J, Sogaard P. Prevalence and inter-relationship of different Doppler measures of dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure and prolonged QRS: a report from CARE-HF. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2009; 7:1. [PMID: 19128462 PMCID: PMC2630933 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) improves mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients with wide QRS. Observational studies suggest that patients having more left ventricular dyssynchrony pre-implantation obtain greater benefit on ventricular function and symptoms with CRT. AIM To provide an analysis of the prevalence and type of dyssynchrony in patients included in the CARE-HF trial. METHODS 100 patients 67 (58 to 71) years were examined with echocardiography including tissue doppler imaging before receiving a CRT-pacemaker. Atrio-ventricular dyssynchrony (LVFT/RR) was defined as left ventricular filling time <40% of the RR-interval. Inter-ventricular mechanical delay (IVMD) was measured as the difference in onset of Doppler-flow in the pulmonary and aortic outflow tracts >40 ms. Intra-ventricular (regional) dyssynchrony in a 16-segment model was expressed either as a delayed longitudinal contraction (DLC) during the postsystolic phase or by tissue synchronisation imaging (TSI) with a predefined time-difference in systolic maximal velocities >85 ms. RESULTS LVFT/RR was present in 34% and IVMD in 60% of patients while intra-ventricular dyssynchrony was present in 85% (DLC) and 86% (TSI) with a high agreement between the measures (Kappascore 0.86-1.00), indicating the methods being interchangeable. Patients with cardiomyopathy (53%) were more likely to have LVFT/RR <40% (45% vs. 21% (p= 0.02)) and more segments affected by intra-ventricular dyssynchrony 4(3, 5) vs. 3(1, 4), p = 0.002, compared to patients with ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSION The prevalence of intra-ventricular dyssynchrony is high in patients with heart failure, wide QRS and depressed systolic function. Most important, TSI appears to be a fast and reliable method to identify patients with intra-ventricular dyssynchrony likely to benefit from CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Edner
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wiesbauer F, Baytaroglu C, Azar D, Blessberger H, Goliasch G, Graf S, Mundigler G, Pacher R, Maurer G, Binder T. Echo Doppler parameters predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:1-10. [PMID: 19087125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to reduce heart failure related morbidity and mortality. However, approximately 30% of patients do not respond to CRT. We investigated the usefulness of Echo Doppler parameters to predict reverse remodelling, functional improvement and mortality following CRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our population consists of 200 consecutive heart failure patients evaluated for ventricular dyssynchrony by echocardiography between February 1999 and May 2007 who subsequently received CRT. Patients were reassessed for signs of reverse remodelling after a mean follow-up of 10 months. Information on vital status was obtained from local registration authorities. RESULTS Three parameters significantly predicted reverse remodelling in the logistic regression analysis: the Q-to-E-wave-delay (QED) at a cutoff of 550 ms (odds ratio 4.5, P-value 0.001), the interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD) at a cutoff of 60 ms (odds ratio 2.4, P-value 0.02), and the aortic electromechanical delay (A-EMD) at a cutoff of 140 ms (odds ratio 2.9, P-value 0.004). Furthermore, the QED and the IVMD also predicted all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.36, P-value 0.02 and 0.21, P-value 0.004, respectively). Adjustment for confounders did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS The QED and IVMD predict reverse remodelling and survival following CRT. These parameters are easy to obtain, provide valuable prognostic information, and should thus be measured in CRT candidates evaluated by echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wiesbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Moonen M, Senechal M, Cosyns B, Melon P, Nellessen E, Pierard L, Lancellotti P. Impact of contractile reserve on acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2008; 6:65. [PMID: 19117517 PMCID: PMC2615753 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-6-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) provides benefit for congestive heart failure, but still 30% of patients failed to respond to such therapy. This lack of response may be due to the presence of significant amount of scar or fibrotic tissue at myocardial level. This study sought to investigate the potential impact of myocardial contractile reserve as assessed during exercise echocardiography on acute response following CRT implantation. Methods Fifty-one consecutive patients with heart failure (LV ejection fraction 27% ± 5%, 67% ischemic cardiomyopathy) underwent exercise Doppler echocardiography before CRT implantation to assess global contractile reserve (improvement in LV ejection fraction) and local contractile reserve in the region of the LV pacing lead (assessed by radial strain using speckle tracking analysis). Responders were defined by an increase in stroke volume ≥ 15% after CRT. Results Compared with nonresponders, responders (25 patients) showed a greater exercise-induced increase in LV ejection fraction, a higher degree of mitral regurgitation and a significant extent of LV dyssynchrony. The presence of contractile reserve was directly related to the acute increase in stroke volume (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Baseline myocardial deformation as well as contractile reserve in the LV pacing lead region was greater in responders during exercise than in nonresponders (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The present study showed that response to CRT largely depends not only on the extent of LV dyssynchrony and the severity of mitral regurgitation but also on the presence of contractile reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Moonen
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium.
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Muto C, Gasparini M, Iacopino S, Peraldo C, Curnis A, Sassone B, Diotallevi P, Davinelli M, Valsecchi S, Tuccillo B. Efficacy of LOw-dose DObutamine stress-echocardiography to predict cardiac resynchronization therapy response (LODO-CRT) multicenter prospective study: design and rationale. Am Heart J 2008; 156:656-61. [PMID: 18926147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has a well-demonstrated therapeutic effect in selected patients with advanced heart failure on optimized drug therapy, nonresponder rate remains high. The LODO-CRT is designed to improve patient selection for CRT. Design and rationale of this study are presented herein. METHODS LODO-CRT is a multicenter prospective study, started in late 2006, that enrolls patients with conventional indications for CRT (symptomatic stable New York Heart Association class III-IV on optimized drug therapy, QRS > or =120 milliseconds, left ventricular [LV] dilatation, LV ejection fraction < or =35%). This study is designed to assess the predictive value of LV contractile reserve (LVCR), determined through dobutamine stress echocardiography (defined as an LV ejection fraction increase >5 units), in predicting CRT response during follow-up. Assessment of CRT effects will follow 2 sequential phases: in phase 1, CRT response end point is defined as LV end-systolic volume reduction > or =10% at 6 months; in phase 2, both LV end-systolic volume reduction and clinical status via a clinical composite score will be evaluated at 12 months follow-up. Predictive value of LVCR will be compared to other measures, such as LV dyssynchrony measures, through adjusted multivariable analysis. For the purpose of the study, target patient number is 270 (with 95% confidence, 80% power, alpha < or = .05). Enrollment should be complete by the end of 2008. CONCLUSIONS The LODO-CRT trial is testing the hypothesis that LVCR assessment, using low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography test, should effectively predict positive response to CRT both in terms of the reverse remodeling process as well as favorable long-term clinical outcome. Moreover, the predictive value of LVCR will be compared to that of conventional intra-LV dyssynchrony measures.
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Parsai C, Baltabaeva A, Anderson L, Chaparro M, Bijnens B, Sutherland GR. Low-dose dobutamine stress echo to quantify the degree of remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2008; 30:950-8. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lim P, Buakhamsri A, Popovic ZB, Greenberg NL, Patel D, Thomas JD, Grimm RA. Longitudinal strain delay index by speckle tracking imaging: a new marker of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation 2008; 118:1130-7. [PMID: 18725491 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.750190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In heart failure patients with left ventricular dyssynchrony, contractility in delayed segments does not fully contribute to end-systolic function. We quantified this reserve of contraction related to mechanical dyssynchrony to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy by the strain delay index, which was defined as the sum of the difference between peak and end-systolic strain across 16 segments. METHODS AND RESULTS In 100 heart failure patients (ejection fraction=26+/-9%, QRS=154+/-29 ms, 94% in New York Heart Association class III), we studied left ventricular dyssynchrony before cardiac resynchronization therapy by the strain delay index using longitudinal strain by 2D speckle tracking and by the SD of time to peak myocardial velocity in 12 segments. The optimal cutoff value of the strain delay index to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy was determined in a retrospective group (n=65) and then confirmed in a validation group (n=35). Left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction at 3 months >15% (responder) occurred in 64 of 100 patients. In the retrospective group, the strain delay index but not the SD of time to peak myocardial velocity was greater in responders (n=42/65) than nonresponders (35+/-8% versus 19+/-7%, P<0.0001), and the optimal cutoff value to identify response to cardiac resynchronization therapy was 25%. In the validation group, strain delay index > or =25% identified 82% (18/22) of responders and 92% (12/13) of nonresponders. Among the entire population (n=100), strain delay index correlated with reverse remodeling in both the ischemic (r=-0.68, P<0.0001) and nonischemic (r=-0.68, P<0.0001) population. CONCLUSIONS Use of the strain delay index with longitudinal strain by speckle tracking has a strong predictive value for predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in both ischemic and nonischemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lim
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, INSERM U841, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France
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Quintana M, Saha S, Govind S, Brodin LA, del Furia F, Bertomeu V. Cardiac incoordination induced by left bundle branch block: its relation with left ventricular systolic function in patients with and without cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2008; 6:39. [PMID: 18681971 PMCID: PMC2525630 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-6-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although left bundle branch block (LBBB) alters the electrical activation of the heart, it is unknown how it might change the process of myocardial coordination (MC) and how it may affect the left ventricular (LV) systolic function. The present study assessed the effects of LBBB on MC in patients with LBBB with and without dilated (DCMP) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Methods Tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) was performed in 86 individuals: 21 with isolated LBBB, 26 patients with DCMP + LBBB, 19 patients with ICMP + LBBB and in 20 healthy individuals (Controls). MC was assessed analyzing the myocardial velocity profiles obtained from six basal segments of the LV using TDE. The LV systolic function was assessed by standard two-dimensional echocardiography and by TDE. Results Severe alterations in MC were observed in subjects with LBBB as compared with controls (P < 0.01 for all comparisons); these derangements were even worse in patients with DCMP and ICMP (P < 0.001 for comparisons with Controls and P < 0.01 for comparison with individuals with isolated LBBB). Some parameters of MC differed significantly between DCMP and ICMP (P < 0.01). A good or very good correlation coefficient was found between variables of MC and variables of LV systolic function. Conclusion LBBB induces severe derangement in the process of MC that are more pronounced in patients with cardiomyopathies and that significantly correlates with the LV systolic function. The assessment of MC may help in the evaluation of the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quintana
- Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Torrevieja, Spain.
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Tuccillo B, Muto C, Iengo R, Accadia M, Rumolo S, Canciello M, Carreras G, Calvanese R, Celentano E, Davinelli M, Valsecchi S, Ascione L. Presence of left ventricular contractile reserve, evaluated by means of dobutamine stress-echo test, is able to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2008; 23:121-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-008-9255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ciampi Q, Bianchi S, Porta MD, Petruzziello B, Caputo S, Pezza B, Villari B. Role of dobutamine stress echocardiography in resynchronization therapy in a patient with heart failure secondary to radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease and ventilatory and inotropic dependence. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (GREENWICH, CONN.) 2008; 14:149-152. [PMID: 18550926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7133.2008.08015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quirino Ciampi
- Division of Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy.
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Ypenburg C, Sieders A, Bleeker GB, Holman ER, van der Wall EE, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ. Myocardial contractile reserve predicts improvement in left ventricular function after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am Heart J 2007; 154:1160-5. [PMID: 18035090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial contractile reserve has been shown to provide important prognostic information in patients with heart failure. We hypothesized that myocardial contractile reserve would predict left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS Thirty-one consecutive patients with heart failure (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] 26% +/- 7%, 35% nonischemic cardiomyopathy) underwent echocardiography during low-dose dobutamine infusion before CRT implantation to assess global contractile reserve (improvement in LVEF) and local contractile reserve in the region of the LV pacing lead (assessed by radial strain using speckle tracking analysis). Responders were defined by a decrease in LV end-systolic volume > or = 15% after 6 months of CRT. RESULTS During low-dose dobutamine infusion, responders showed a greater increase in LVEF compared with nonresponders (delta 13% +/- 8% vs 3% +/- 4%, P < .001). Furthermore, contractile reserve was directly related to improvement in LVEF after 6 months of CRT (r = 0.80, P < .001). Moreover, a cutoff value of > 7.5% increase in dobutamine-induced LVEF exhibited a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 86% to predict response after 6 months of CRT (area under the curve 0.87). Lastly, contractile reserve in the region in the LV pacing lead was present only in responders (delta strain during low-dose dobutamine 6% +/- 5% in responders vs -1% +/- 4% in nonresponders, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that myocardial contractile reserve (> 7.5% increase in LVEF during low-dose dobutamine infusion) predicts LV reverse remodeling after CRT.
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Predictors of Cardiac Events After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Tissue Doppler-Derived Parameters. J Card Fail 2007; 13:805-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ciampi Q, Villari B. Role of echocardiography in diagnosis and risk stratification in heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2007; 5:34. [PMID: 17910744 PMCID: PMC2064911 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-5-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. Echocardiography represents the "gold standard" in the assessment of LV systolic dysfunction and in the recognition of systolic heart failure, since dilatation of the LV results in alteration of intracardiac geometry and hemodynamics leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The functional mitral regurgitation is a consequence of adverse LV remodelling that occurs with a structurally normal valve and it is a marker of adverse prognosis. Diastolic dysfunction plays a major role in signs and symptoms of HF and in the risk stratification, and provides prognostic information independently in HF patients and impaired systolic function. Ultrasound lung comets are a simple echographic sign of extravascular lung water, more frequently associated with left ventricular diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction, which can integrate the clinical and pathophysiological information provided by conventional echocardiography and provide a useful information for prognostic stratification of HF patients. Contractile reserve is defined as the difference between values of an index of left ventricular contractility during peak stress and its baseline values and the presence of myocardial viability predicts a favorable outcome. A non-invasive echocardiographic method for the evaluation of force-frequency relationship has been proposed to assess the changes in contractility during stress echo. In conclusion, in HF patients, the evaluation of systolic, diastolic function and myocardial contractile reserve plays a fundamental role in the risk stratification. The highest risk is present in HF patients with a heart that is weak, big, noisy, stiff and wet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirino Ciampi
- Division of Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - Bruno Villari
- Division of Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
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Tournoux F, Donal E, Leclercq C, De Place C, Crocq C, Solnon A, Cohen-Solal A, Mabo P, Daubert JC. Concordance Between Mechanical and Electrical Dyssynchrony in Heart Failure Patients: A Function of the Underlying Cardiomyopathy? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007; 18:1022-7. [PMID: 17666067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2007.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves heart failure (HF) symptoms through a reduction of cardiac mechanical dyssynchrony. Mechanical dyssynchrony is currently estimated by electrical dyssynchrony (QRS duration). It is known that electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony are not well correlated in HF patients. However, there is limited information about whether this relationship might be influenced by the underlying cardiomyopathy. METHODS Doppler echocardiography was performed in 88 patients presenting with heart failure due to ischemic (n = 42) or nonischemic (n = 46) heart disease, left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, New York Heart Association class II-IV, regardless of their QRS duration. Interventricular dyssynchrony was assessed by the time interval between preaortic and prepulmonary ejection times. Intraventricular dyssynchrony was ascertained by (1) the delay between the earliest and the latest peak negative longitudinal strain recorded in the basal and mid-segments of the lateral and septal walls (TMinMax) and (2) the standard deviation of time-to-peak in the same segments (SDdys). RESULTS The correlation coefficient between QRS duration and mechanical interventricular dyssynchrony was r = 0.47 (P < 0.001) in patients with nonischemic disease and nonsignificant in patients with ischemic disease. Similarly, the correlation coefficient between QRS duration and mechanical intraventricular dyssynchrony was significant in patients with nonischemic disease (r = 0.37, P = 0.01 for TMinMax; r = 0.42, P = 0.003 for SDdys) and nonsignificant in patients with ischemic disease. CONCLUSION The concordance between electrical dyssynchrony assessed by QRS duration and mechanical dyssynchrony assessed by myocardial strain is dependent upon the underlying cardiomyopathy. This observation may improve our understanding of the various responses observed in CRT patients.
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Laurenzi F, Achilli A, Avella A, Peraldo C, Orazi S, Perego GB, Cesario A, Valsecchi S, De Santo T, Puglisi A, Tondo C. Biventricular Upgrading in Patients with Conventional Pacing System and Congestive Heart Failure:Results and Response Predictors. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2007; 30:1096-104. [PMID: 17725752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2007.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure (HF) patients with preexisting right ventricular (RV) pacing. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of CRT upgrading in RV-paced patients and the predictivity of electromechanical dyssynchrony parameters (EDP) evaluated by standard echocardiography (ECHO) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). METHODS Thirty-eight consecutive patients with HF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV, LVEF < 35%], prior continuous RV pacing, and absence of atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the presence of a paced QRS > or = 150 ms and evaluated by ECHO and TDI. A responder was defined as a patient with a favorable change in NYHA class and neither HF hospitalization nor death, plus an absolute increase of LVEF > or = 10 units. RESULTS At six-months follow-up, the whole study population had significant improvement in symptoms, systolic function, and QRS duration (P < 0.001); 32 (84%) patients had a favorable clinical outcome, 25 (66%) were considered responders according to the previous definition. Postimplant QRS was similarly reduced in both responders and nonresponders, whereas EDP had a significant improvement only in responders (P < 0.05). Using EDP, 23 (79%) patients were responders compared with 2 (22%) patients without mechanical dyssynchrony (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In HF patients with previous RV pacing, CRT is effective to improve clinical, functional outcome, and LV performance and to reduce electromechanical dyssynchrony in a large proportion of patients. Dyssynchrony evaluated by standard and TDI ECHO can be useful for CRT selection of paced patients.
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Valzania C, Gadler F, Eriksson MJ, Olsson A, Boriani G, Braunschweig F. Electromechanical effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy during rest and stress in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2007; 9:644-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Valzania
- Institute of Cardiology of the University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Fredrik Gadler
- Department of Cardiology; Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria J. Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Arne Olsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology; Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Institute of Cardiology of the University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Frieder Braunschweig
- Department of Cardiology; Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
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Achilli A, Peraldo C, Sassara M, Orazi S, Bianchi S, Laurenzi F, Donati R, Perego GB, Spampinato A, Valsecchi S, Denaro A, Puglisi A. Prediction of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: The Selection of Candidates for CRT (SCART) Study. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2006; 29 Suppl 2:S11-9. [PMID: 17169127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2006.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters to predict a positive response to CRT. METHODS We analyzed 6-month data from the first 133 consecutive patients enrolled in a multicenter prospective study. These patients had symptomatic heart failure (HF) refractory to pharmacological therapy (NYHA class II-IV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or =35%, and prespecified electrocardiographic, echocardiographic or tissue Doppler imaging markers of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. RESULTS After a follow-up period of 6 months, 1 patient died and 13 were hospitalized for worsening HF. There were significant (P < 0.01) clinical, functional, and echocardiographic improvements that included: New York heart Association Class, Quality-of-Life Score, QRS duration, LVEF, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and severity of mitral regurgitation A positive response was documented in 90/133 (68%) patients who presented an improved clinical composite score associated to an increase in LVEF > or = 5 units. A multivariate analysis identified that a smaller LVESD (OR = 0.957, 95% CI 0.920-0.996; P = 0.030) and longer interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD) (OR = 1.017, 95% CI 1.005-1.029, P = 0.007) as independent predictors of a positive response. Receiver-operating curve analysis showed that a positive response to CRT may be predicted in patients with IVMD > 44 ms (with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 55%) or with LVESD < 60 mm (with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 61%). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the limited value of QRS duration in the selection of patients for CRT. A less-advanced stage of disease and echocardiographic evidence of interventricular dyssynchrony demonstrated to predict response to CRT, while intraventricular dyssynchrony did not predict response.
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Sturdivant JL, Gold MR. Myocardial contractile reserve as a predictor of cardiac resynchronization therapy response. Heart Rhythm 2006; 3:414-5. [PMID: 16567287 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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