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Zhang ZH, Barajas-Martinez H, Jiang H, Huang CX, Antzelevitch C, Xia H, Hu D. Gene and stem cell therapy for inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108596. [PMID: 38301770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Inherited cardiac arrhythmias are a group of genetic diseases predisposing to sudden cardiac arrest, mainly resulting from variants in genes encoding cardiac ion channels or proteins involved in their regulation. Currently available therapeutic options (pharmacotherapy, ablative therapy and device-based therapy) can not preclude the occurrence of arrhythmia events and/or provide complete protection. With growing understanding of the genetic background and molecular mechanisms of inherited cardiac arrhythmias, advancing insight of stem cell technology, and development of vectors and delivery strategies, gene therapy and stem cell therapy may be promising approaches for treatment of inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Recent years have witnessed impressive progress in the basic science aspects and there is a clear and urgent need to be translated into the clinical management of arrhythmic events. In this review, we present a succinct overview of gene and cell therapy strategies, and summarize the current status of gene and cell therapy. Finally, we discuss future directions for implementation of gene and cell therapy in the therapy of inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-He Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Hector Barajas-Martinez
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnwood, PA, 19096, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Cong-Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Charles Antzelevitch
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnwood, PA, 19096, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
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Park EH, Kim JM, Seong E, Lee E, Chang K, Choi Y. Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection into Healed Myocardial Infarction Scar Border Zone on the Risk of Ventricular Tachycardia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2141. [PMID: 37626638 PMCID: PMC10452743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The scar border zone is a main source of reentry responsible for ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT). We evaluated the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection into the scar border zone on arrhythmic risks in a post-myocardial infarction (MI) animal model. Rabbit MI models were generated by left descending coronary artery ligation. Surviving rabbits after 4 weeks underwent left thoracotomy and autologous MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered to scar border zones in two rabbits in each group. Another rabbit without MI underwent a sham procedure (control). An implantable loop recorder (ILR) was implanted in the left chest wall in all animals. Four weeks after cell injections, ventricular fibrillation was induced in 1/2 rabbit in the PBS group by electrophysiologic study, and no ventricular arrhythmia was induced in the MSC group or control. Spontaneous VT was not detected during ILR analysis in any animal for 4 weeks. Histologic examination showed restoration of connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in the MSC group, which was higher than in the PBS group and comparable to the control. In conclusion, MSC injections into the MI scar border zone did not increase the risk of VT and were associated with favorable Cx43 expression and arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.P.); (J.-M.K.); (E.S.); (E.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Jin-Moo Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.P.); (J.-M.K.); (E.S.); (E.L.); (K.C.)
| | - EunHwa Seong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.P.); (J.-M.K.); (E.S.); (E.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Eunmi Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.P.); (J.-M.K.); (E.S.); (E.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.P.); (J.-M.K.); (E.S.); (E.L.); (K.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.P.); (J.-M.K.); (E.S.); (E.L.); (K.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Meier C, Rosenkranz K. Cx43 expression and function in the nervous system-implications for stem cell mediated regeneration. Front Physiol 2014; 5:106. [PMID: 24672489 PMCID: PMC3957031 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological conditions of the brain such as ischemia cause major sensorimotor and cognitive impairments. In novel therapeutic approaches to brain injury, stem cells have been applied to ameliorate the pathological outcome. In several experimental models, including hypoxia-ischemia and trauma, transplantation of stem cells correlated with an improved functional and structural outcome. At the cellular level, brain insults also change gap junction physiology and expression, leading to altered intercellular communication. Differences in expression in response to brain injury have been detected in particular in Cx43, the major astrocytic gap junction protein, and its overexpression or deletion was associated with the pathophysiological outcome. We here focus on Cx43 changes in host tissue mediated by stem cells. Stem cell-induced changes in connexin expression, and consecutively in gap junction channel or hemichannel function, might play a part in altered cell interaction, intercellular communication, and neural cell survival, and thereby contribute to the beneficial effects of transplanted stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Meier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Katja Rosenkranz
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Spray DC, Hanstein R, Lopez-Quintero SV, Stout RF, Suadicani SO, Thi MM. Gap junctions and Bystander Effects: Good Samaritans and executioners. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:1-15. [PMID: 23565352 DOI: 10.1002/wmts.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The "Bystander" and "Good Samaritan" effects involve the transfer of toxic or beneficial compounds from one cell to a generally adjacent other through gap junction channels and through extracellular routes. The variety of injuries in which bystander cell killing or protection occurs has greatly expanded in the last decade to include infectious agents and therapeutic compounds, radiation injury, chaperones in cell therapy and apoptosis in development. This has been accompanied by the appreciation that both gap junction mediated and paracrine routes are used for the signaling of the "kiss of life" and the "kiss of death" and that manipulations of these pathways and the molecules that use them may find therapeutic utility in treatment of a variety of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Spray
- Dominick P. Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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