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Squara F, Supple G, Liuba I, Wasiak M, Zado E, Desjardins B, Marchlinski FE. Value of high-output pace-mapping of the right phrenic nerve for enabling safe radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: insights from three-dimensional computed tomography segmentation. Europace 2024; 26:euae207. [PMID: 39082747 PMCID: PMC11321358 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Right phrenic nerve (RPN) injury is a disabling but uncommon complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) radiofrequency ablation. Pace-mapping is widely used to infer RPN's course, for limiting the risk of palsy by avoiding ablation at capture sites. However, information is lacking regarding the distance between the endocardial sites of capture and the actual anatomic RPN location. We aimed at determining the distance between endocardial sites of capture and anatomic CT location of the RPN, depending on the capture threshold. METHODS AND RESULTS In consecutive patients undergoing AF radiofrequency ablation, we defined the course of the RPN on the electroanatomical map with high-output pacing at up to 50 mA/2 ms, and assessed RPN capture threshold (RPN-t). The true anatomic course of the RPN was delineated and segmented using CT scan, then merged with the electroanatomical map. The distance between pacing sites and the RPN was assessed. In 45 patients, 1033 pacing sites were analysed. Distances from pacing sites to RPN ranged from 7.5 ± 3.0 mm (min 1) when RPN-t was ≤10 mA to 19.2 ± 6.5 mm (min 9.4) in cases of non-capture at 50 mA. A distance to the phrenic nerve > 10 mm was predicted by RPN-t with a ROC curve area of 0.846 [0.821-0.870] (P < 0.001), with Se = 80.8% and Sp = 77.5% if RPN-t > 20 mA, Se = 68.0% and Sp = 91.6% if RPN-t > 30 mA, and Se = 42.4% and Sp = 97.6% if non-capture at 50 mA. CONCLUSION These data emphasize the utility of high-output pace-mapping of the RPN. Non-capture at 50 mA/2 ms demonstrated very high specificity for predicting a distance to the RPN > 10 mm, ensuring safe radiofrequency delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Squara
- Department of Cardiology, Pasteur University Hospital, 30 avenue de la Voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory Supple
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ioan Liuba
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michal Wasiak
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erica Zado
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benoit Desjardins
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Francis E Marchlinski
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Boussuges M, Blanc P, Bregeon F, Boussuges A. Interest of thoracic ultrasound after cardiac surgery or interventional cardiology. World J Cardiol 2024; 16:118-125. [PMID: 38576518 PMCID: PMC10989224 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v16.i3.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Thoracic ultrasound has attracted much interest in detecting pleural effusion or pulmonary consolidation after cardiac surgery. In 2016, Trovato reported, in the World Journal of Cardiology, the interest of using, in addition to echocardiography, thoracic ultrasound. In this editorial, we highlight the value of assessing diaphragm function after cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology procedures. Various factors are able to impair diaphragm function after such interventions. Diaphragm motion may be decreased by chest pain secondary to sternotomy, pleural effusion or impaired muscle function. Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis may be secondary to phrenic nerve damage complicating cardiac surgery or atrial fibrillation ablation. Diagnosis may be delayed. Indeed, respiratory troubles induced by diaphragm dysfunction are frequently attributed to pre-existing heart disease or pulmonary complications secondary to surgery. In addition, elevated hemidiaphragm secondary to diaphragm dysfunction is sometimes not observed on chest X-ray performed in supine position in the intensive care unit. Analysis of diaphragm function by ultrasound during the recovery period appears essential. Both hemidiaphragms can be studied by two complementary ultrasound methods. The mobility of each hemidiaphragms is measured by M-mode ultrasonography. In addition, recording the percentage of inspiratory thickening provides important information about the quality of muscle function. These two approaches make it possible to detect hemidiaphragm paralysis or dysfunction. Such a diagnosis is important because persistent diaphragm dysfunction after cardiac surgery has been shown to be associated with adverse respiratory outcome. Early respiratory physiotherapy is able to improve respiratory function through strengthening of the inspiratory muscles i.e. diaphragm and accessory inspiratory muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Boussuges
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud Reunion, Saint Pierre 97410, Ile de la Reunion, France
| | - Philippe Blanc
- Department of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Ste Clotilde & YlangYlang Rehabilitation Center, Sainte Clotilde 97491, Ile de la Reunion, France
| | - Fabienne Bregeon
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 13015, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Alain Boussuges
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 13015, France
- Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Marseille 13005, France.
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Tan MC, Tan JL, Lee WJ, Srivathsan K, Sorajja D, El Masry H, Scott LR, Lee JZ. Adverse events in cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation: Insight from the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:784-789. [PMID: 37799789 PMCID: PMC10549805 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Real-world clinical data on the adverse events related to the use of cryoballoon catheter for pulmonary vein isolation remains limited. Objective To report and describe the adverse events related to the use of Artic Front cryoballoon catheters (Arctic Front, Arctic Front Advance, and Arctic Front Advance Pro) reported in the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Manufacturers and User Defined Experience (MAUDE) database. Methods We reviewed all the adverse events reported to the FDA MAUDE database over a 10.7-year study period from January 01, 2011 to September 31, 2021. All events were independently reviewed by two physicians. Results During the study period, a total of 320 procedural-related adverse events reported in the MAUDE database were identified. The most common adverse event was transient or persistent phrenic nerve palsy (PNP), accounting for 48% of all events. This was followed by cardiac perforation (15%), pulmonary vein stenosis (8%), transient ischemic attack or stroke (6%), vascular injury (4%), transient or persistent ST-elevation myocardial infarction (3%), hemoptysis (2%), pericarditis (2%), and esophageal ulcer or fistula (1%). There were six reported intra-procedural death events as a result of cardiac perforation. Conclusion The two most common procedural adverse events associated with cryoballoon ablation were PNP and cardiac perforation. All cases of procedural mortality were due to cardiac perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Choon Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineNew York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical CenterNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jian Liang Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wei Jun Lee
- International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Dan Sorajja
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Hicham El Masry
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Luis R. Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Justin Z. Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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Erkapic D, Aleksic M, Roussopoulos K, Weipert KF, Sözener K, Kostev K, Allendörfer J, Rosenbauer J, Guenduez D, Tanislav C. Microembolizations in the Arterial Cerebral Circulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Using the Cryoballoon Technique-Protocol and Methodology of a Prospective Observational Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091660. [PMID: 37175051 PMCID: PMC10178285 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable uncertainty regarding the impact of microembolic signals (MESs) on neuropsychological abilities in patients receiving pulmonary vein isolation and beyond using the cryoballoon technique. We conducted the largest prospective observational study on this topic, providing insights into the gradual unmasking of procedure-related MESs and their impacts on neuropsychological outcomes. MESs were continuously detected periprocedurally using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Neuropsychological status was evaluated comprehensively using the CERAD Plus test battery, which consists of 11 neuropsychological subtests. Patients with atrial fibrillation were included in the study with an equal distribution (50:50) of paroxysmal or persistent presentations. Of 167 consecutive eligible patients, 100 were included within the study enrollment period from February 2021 to August 2022. The study, including the documentation of all follow-up visits, ended in November 2022. This paper focuses on describing the study protocol and methodology and presenting the baseline data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Erkapic
- Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Angiology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Clinic of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marko Aleksic
- Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Angiology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Roussopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Angiology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
| | - Kay Felix Weipert
- Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Angiology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
| | - Korkut Sözener
- Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Angiology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
- Department of Rhythmology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA, Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Josef Rosenbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Angiology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
| | - Dursun Guenduez
- Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Angiology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Clinic of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Tanislav
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Diakonie Klinikum Jung Stilling, 57074 Siegen, Germany
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Best Practice Guide for Cryoballoon Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: The Compilation Experience of More than 1000 Procedures. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10020055. [PMID: 36826551 PMCID: PMC9967334 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the cryoballoon (CB) constitutes an established alternative to radio frequency (RF) ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), which offers the possibility to isolate the PVs with a single application. Since the introduction of the second-generation CB, we prospectively collected our data to optimize the procedure on >1000 consecutive patients who underwent CB PVI performed in our center. It is expected that subsequent guidelines will suggest first-line PVI through CB in patients with paroxysmal AF with a class I indication. Indeed, in the long-term follow-up (36 months) of the EARLY-AF trial, CB had a lower incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation episodes compared to the anti-arrhythmic drugs group. We now review the current best practices in an effort to drive consistent outcomes and minimize complications. PV isolation through CB is the most studied single-shot technique for atrial fibrillation ablation, having shown the potential to alter the natural history of the arrhythmia. Several procedural tips and tricks can improve procedural flow and effectiveness. In the present article we provided not only technical details but measurable biophysical parameters that can reliably guide the operator into achieving the best outcome for his patients.
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Clinical outcome of a single procedure cryoballoon ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: A real-world multicenter experience in Portugal. Rev Port Cardiol 2023; 42:363-370. [PMID: 36634763 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been growing as an alternative technique, not only in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) but also in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Cryoballoon ablation has demonstrated encouraging acute and mid-term results. However, data on long-term follow-up of CB-based PVI are scarce. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of CBA in PAF and persistent AF in four Portuguese centers. METHODS All patients that were treated with the cryoballoon catheter according to routine practices with a second-generation 28-mm CB in four centers were included. This was a retrospective, non-randomized analysis. Patients were followed-up for >12 months and freedom from atrial arrhythmias (AA) was evaluated at the end of follow-up. RESULTS Four hundred and six patients (57.7±12.4 years, 66% men) participated. AF was paroxysmal in 326 patients (80.2%) and persistent in 80 (19.7%). The mean procedure time duration was 107.7±50.9 min, and the fluoroscopy time was 19.5±9.7 min. Procedural/periprocedural complications occurred in 30 cases (7.3%), being transient phrenic nerve palsy the most frequent incident (2 out of 3 complications). Anatomic variations of the PV were present in 16.1% of cases. At a mean follow-up of 22.0±15.0 months, 310 patients (76.3%) remained in stable sinus rhythm, with at least one AF episode recurrence documented in 98 cases (24.1%). The recurrence rate was 20.5% in the PAF group and 37.8% in the persistent AF group. CONCLUSION In this multicenter experience, a single CBA procedure resulted in 75.9% freedom from AF at a 22-month follow-up. This technique was demonstrated to be a safe and effective option in experienced centers for the treatment of PAF and PersAF.
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Younis G, El Sawy N, Elnemr R, Madkour D. Differences between diaphragmatic compound muscle action potentials recorded from over the sternum and lateral chest wall in healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8925. [PMID: 35624292 PMCID: PMC9142496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To report normative data for diaphragmatic compound muscle action potentials (DCMAPs) recorded from over the sternum and lateral chest wall (LCW) and highlight factors that may contribute to variations in DCMAP parameters at the two sites. The phrenic nerve of seventy-three healthy subjects was bilaterally stimulated at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. DCMAPs from over the sternum and LCW were recorded (inspiration/expiration). Normative values of sternal and LCW DCMAPs were presented. The mean values of latency of LCW DCMAPs, duration of sternal DCMAPs and area from both recording sites are close to values reported by other studies. The mean values of latency of sternal DCMAPs are higher than that reported by other studies. Significant differences were found between sternal and LCW potentials in the mean latency, amplitude, and area (p < 0.001). The duration did not differ between the two sites. Differences were found between inspiration and expiration, right and left sides, and men and women. Regression analysis showed a relation between latency of sternal and LCW potentials and age. Latency (LCW potentials) and amplitude and area (sternal/LCW potentials) were related to gender. Amplitude (LCW potentials/inspiration) and area (sternal potentials/inspiration) were related to chest circumference (p = 0.023 and 0.013 respectively). Area (sternal potentials/expiration) was related to the BMI (p = 0.019). Our normative values for sternal and LCW DCMAPs are provided. Notable differences in the DCMAPs parameters were detected between the two recording sites, inspiration and expiration, right and left, and men and women. The technique of phrenic nerve should be standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Younis
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Noha El Sawy
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Rehab Elnemr
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Doaa Madkour
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Khartoom Square, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
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Cryoballoon atrial fibrillation ablation experience in Japan. Curr Opin Cardiol 2022; 37:68-73. [PMID: 34857716 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In Japan, cryoballoon ablation has been widely accepted and more than 70 000 patients have undergone pulmonary vein isolation using this novel technology since the introduction. This review focused on the current status of cryoballoon ablation in Japan and clarified the characteristics as compared to Europe and the United States. RECENT FINDINGS The number of atrial fibrillation patients undergoing cryoballon ablation has rapidly increased over the last 6 years. Most of the Japanese physicians consider the indication of cryoballoon ablation based on the anatomy of the pulmonary veins and left atrium evaluated on preprocedural computed tomography, and often perform adjunctive radiofrequency ablation after the pulmonary vein isolation. The reported overall efficacy and safety were similar to that in Europe and the United States; however, there are some distinctive complications of the cryoballoon procedure in Japan, such as air embolisms, gastric hypomotility and coronary artery spasms. SUMMARY Currently, the cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation is widely accepted in Japan owing to the low incidence of lethal complications, shorter procedure time and acceptable single procedure atrial fibrillation freedom.
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Pott A, Wirth H, Teumer Y, Weinmann K, Baumhardt M, Schweizer C, Markovic S, Buckert D, Bothner C, Rottbauer W, Dahme T. Predicting Phrenic Nerve Palsy in Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation With the Cryoballoon-Does Sex Matter? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:746820. [PMID: 34970602 PMCID: PMC8712427 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.746820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phrenicus nerve palsy (PNP) is a typical complication during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using the cryoballoon with the ominous potential to counteract the clinical benefit of restored sinus rhythm. According to current evidence incidence of PNP is about 5–10% of patients undergoing Cryo-PVI and is more frequent during ablation of the RSPV compared to the RIPV. However, information on patient specific characteristics predicting PNP and long-term outcome of patients suffering from this adverse event is sparse. Aim of the Study: To evaluate procedural and clinical characteristics of AF patients with PNP during cryoballoon PVI compared to patients without PNP. Methods and Results: Between 2013 and 2019 we included 632 consecutive AF patients undergoing PVI with the cryoballoon in our study. 84/632 (13.3%) patients experienced a total number of 89 PNP during the ablation procedure. 75/89 (84%) cryothermal induced PNP recovered until the end of the procedure (transient PNP, tPNP), whereas 14/89 (16%) PNP hold beyond the end of the procedure (non-transient PNP, ntPNP). Using multivariate logistic regression, we found that sex and BMI are strong and independent predictors of cryothermal induced non-transient PNP during cryoballoon PVI with an odds ratio of 3.9 (CI: 95%, 1.1–14.8, p = 0.04) for female gender. Interestingly, all patients (14/14, 100%) with a non-transient PNP experienced complete PNP resolution after a mean recovery time of 68 ± 79 days. Conclusion: Our data indicate for the first time, that female sex and lower BMI are independent predictors for non-transient PNP caused by cryoballoon PVI. Fortunately, during follow up all PNP patients resolved completely with a median recovery time of 35 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hagen Wirth
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yannick Teumer
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolina Weinmann
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Baumhardt
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sinisa Markovic
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Buckert
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carlo Bothner
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Management of phrenic nerve injury post-cardiac surgery in the paediatric patient. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:1386-1392. [PMID: 34304750 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phrenic nerve injury is a common complication of cardiac and thoracic surgical procedures, with potentially severe effects on the health of a child. This review aims to summarise the available literature on the diagnosis and management of PNI post-cardiac surgery in paediatric patients with CHD. MAIN BODY The presence of injury post-surgery can be difficult to detect and may present with non-specific symptoms, emphasising the importance of an effective diagnostic strategy. Chest X-ray is usually the first investigation for a suspected diagnosis of PNI, which is usually confirmed using fluoroscopy, ultrasound scan, or phrenic nerve stimulation (gold standard). Management options include supportive ventilation and/or invasive diaphragmatic plication surgery. While the optimal timing of plication surgery remains controversial, it is now the most widely accepted treatment for PNI in children post-CHD surgery, especially for very young patients who cannot be weaned off supportive ventilation. Further research is needed to determine the optimal timing of surgical intervention for positive outcomes and to explore the benefits of using minimally invasive surgical techniques in children. CONCLUSION PNI is a common and serious complication of CHD surgery, therefore, its diagnosis and management in the paediatric population are of major importance. Further research is needed to determine the optimal timing of surgical intervention for positive outcomes and to explore the benefits of using minimally invasive surgical techniques in children.
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Nogami A, Kurita T, Abe H, Ando K, Ishikawa T, Imai K, Usui A, Okishige K, Kusano K, Kumagai K, Goya M, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu A, Shimizu W, Shoda M, Sumitomo N, Seo Y, Takahashi A, Tada H, Naito S, Nakazato Y, Nishimura T, Nitta T, Niwano S, Hagiwara N, Murakawa Y, Yamane T, Aiba T, Inoue K, Iwasaki Y, Inden Y, Uno K, Ogano M, Kimura M, Sakamoto S, Sasaki S, Satomi K, Shiga T, Suzuki T, Sekiguchi Y, Soejima K, Takagi M, Chinushi M, Nishi N, Noda T, Hachiya H, Mitsuno M, Mitsuhashi T, Miyauchi Y, Miyazaki A, Morimoto T, Yamasaki H, Aizawa Y, Ohe T, Kimura T, Tanemoto K, Tsutsui H, Mitamura H. JCS/JHRS 2019 guideline on non-pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:709-870. [PMID: 34386109 PMCID: PMC8339126 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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12
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Nogami A, Kurita T, Abe H, Ando K, Ishikawa T, Imai K, Usui A, Okishige K, Kusano K, Kumagai K, Goya M, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu A, Shimizu W, Shoda M, Sumitomo N, Seo Y, Takahashi A, Tada H, Naito S, Nakazato Y, Nishimura T, Nitta T, Niwano S, Hagiwara N, Murakawa Y, Yamane T, Aiba T, Inoue K, Iwasaki Y, Inden Y, Uno K, Ogano M, Kimura M, Sakamoto SI, Sasaki S, Satomi K, Shiga T, Suzuki T, Sekiguchi Y, Soejima K, Takagi M, Chinushi M, Nishi N, Noda T, Hachiya H, Mitsuno M, Mitsuhashi T, Miyauchi Y, Miyazaki A, Morimoto T, Yamasaki H, Aizawa Y, Ohe T, Kimura T, Tanemoto K, Tsutsui H, Mitamura H. JCS/JHRS 2019 Guideline on Non-Pharmacotherapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ J 2021; 85:1104-1244. [PMID: 34078838 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Nogami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Haruhiko Abe
- Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kenji Ando
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital
| | - Toshiyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University
| | - Katsuhiko Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center
| | - Akihiko Usui
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kaoru Okishige
- Department of Cardiology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital
| | - Kengo Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Masahiko Goya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | | | | | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Morio Shoda
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Naokata Sumitomo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Yoshihiro Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui
| | | | - Yuji Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital
| | - Takashi Nitta
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School
| | - Shinichi Niwano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yuji Murakawa
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Hospital Mizonokuchi
| | - Teiichi Yamane
- Department of Cardiology, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Division of Arrhythmia, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Division of Arrhythmia, Cardiovascular Center, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital
| | - Yuki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kikuya Uno
- Arrhythmia Center, Chiba Nishi General Hospital
| | - Michio Ogano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shizuoka Medical Center
| | - Masaomi Kimura
- Advanced Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Shingo Sasaki
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Tsugutoshi Suzuki
- Departments of Pediatric Electrophysiology, Osaka City General Hospital
| | - Yukio Sekiguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Kyoko Soejima
- Arrhythmia Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University Hospital
| | - Masahiko Takagi
- Division of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Department of Internal Medicine II, Kansai Medical University
| | - Masaomi Chinushi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University
| | - Nobuhiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hitoshi Hachiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital
| | | | | | - Yasushi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Aya Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Congenital Heart Disease Center, Tenri Hospital
| | - Tomoshige Morimoto
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College
| | - Hiro Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | | | | | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuo Tanemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School
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13
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M K, M M, G K, K B, W P, J W, J L. Tracing the Right Phrenic Nerve - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atr Fibrillation 2020; 13:2305. [PMID: 34950302 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The Right phrenic nerve (RPN) is vulnerable to injury during the isolation of the right pulmonary veins (RPV). The study aimed to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis of the overall prevalence of right phrenic nerve injury (RPNI), its course and its association with the superior and inferior pulmonary veins. Methods Through December 2017, a database search was performed on PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, SciELO, and Web of Science. The references were also extensively searched in the included articles. Results Detection of the RPN may vary according to the identification method. It ranges from 100% in postmortem studies, 93% in intraoperative, to 57.88% in computer tomography (CT) imaging. Based on the included studies (n-507), the distance from the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) ostium to the RPN was 12.48mm (±6.21). In postmortem studies, the distance was 6.92mm (±3.94); in pre or intraoperative techniques, 13.32mm (±5.96) if noninvasive, 13.97mm (±7.8) if invasive. Distances ranged from 0DC342.6 mm. For the right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) (n-125) the mean distance was 16.53mm (±8.92) with distances from 0.4 68mm. The risk of RPNI with distance-included studies was 12.46% (47 RPNI in 377 cases). In the meta-analysis, the distance from the RSPV to the RPN that was associated with an increased risk of RPNI was 7.36mm. Conclusions RPNI is a relatively rare complication. A firm understanding of its course, relation to the PV ostium, and detection are vital for preventing future injuries and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniewicz M
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Electrocardiology, Institute of Cardiology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mazur M
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karkowski G
- Department of Electrocardiology, Institute of Cardiology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Budnicka K
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przybycień W
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Walocha J
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lelakowski J
- Department of Electrocardiology, Institute of Cardiology, John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Anwar O, Gunawardene MA, Dickow J, Scherschel K, Jungen C, Münkler P, Eickholt C, Willems S, Gessler N, Meyer C. Contemporary analysis of phrenic nerve injuries following cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation: A single-centre experience with the systematic use of compound motor action potential monitoring. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235132. [PMID: 32584880 PMCID: PMC7316283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phrenic nerve injury (PNI) remains one of the most frequent complications during cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation (CB-PVI). Since its introduction in 2013, the use of compound motor action potential (CMAP) for the prevention of PNI during CB-PVI is increasing; however, systematic outcome data are sparse. METHODS The CMAP technique was applied in conjunction with abdominal palpation during pacing manoeuvres (10 mV, 2 ms) from the superior vena cava for 388 consecutive patients undergoing CB-PVI between January 2015 and May 2017 at our tertiary arrhythmia centre. Cryoablation was immediately terminated when CMAP amplitude was reduced by 30%. RESULTS Reductions in CMAP amplitude were observed in 16 (4%) of 388 patients during isolation of the right veins. Of these, 11 (69%) patients did not manifest a reduction in diaphragmatic excursions. The drop in CMAP amplitude was observed in 10 (63%) patients during ablation of the right superior pulmonary veins (PVs) and in 7 (44%) patients during ablation of the right inferior PVs. Postprocedural persistent PNI was observed in three of four patients for a duration of 6 months, with one of these patients remaining symptomatic at the 24-month follow-up. One of the four patients was lost to long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS All PNIs occurred during right-sided CB-PVI and were preceded by a reduction in CMAP amplitude. Thus, the standardized use of CMAP surveillance during CB-PVI is easily applicable, reliable and compared with other studies, results in a lower number of PNIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Anwar
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie A. Gunawardene
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Dickow
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Scherschel
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium (cNEP), EVK Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Jungen
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Münkler
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Eickholt
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Willems
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nele Gessler
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart and Vascular Centre, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium (cNEP), EVK Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium (cNEP), Institute for Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Pott A, Jäck S, Schweizer C, Baumhardt M, Stephan T, Rattka M, Weinmann K, Bothner C, Scharnbeck D, Keßler M, Rottbauer W, Dahme T. Atrial fibrillation ablation in heart failure patients: improved systolic function after cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:2258-2267. [PMID: 32578969 PMCID: PMC7524096 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are the most common cardiac diseases and often coexist leading to increased mortality and morbidity compared with AF patients without HF. As shown previously, AF ablation using radio frequency (RF) in HF patients leads to a reduction of AF burden, an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and consequently to reduced hospitalization and mortality. Previous AF ablation studies on HF patients have been liberal about additional targets beyond pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess systematically the impact of a straightforward PVI‐only strategy on LVEF, NYHA functional class, and cardiovascular hospitalization rate in HF patients. Methods and results Out of 414 consecutive patients undergoing PVI, only with the cryoballoon 113 patients with reduced LVEF [mean: 38.4 ± 10.8%, reduced ejection fraction (rEF) group] and 301 patients with normal LVEF (>55%) at baseline were identified [normal ejection fraction (nEF) group]. Remarkably, even though freedom from arrhythmia recurrence after 1 year was significantly lower in the rEF group (64.9%) compared with the nEF group (71.2%, P = 0.036), mean LVEF improved from 38.4 ± 10.8% to 52.5 ± 17.2% (P < 0.001) after cryoballoon ablation in the rEF group. Accordingly, HF‐related symptoms as well as hospitalization rate declined significantly in the rEF group during follow‐up compared with baseline. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that catheter ablation restricted to a straightforward PVI‐only strategy using the cryoballoon leads to improved left ventricular ejection fraction as well as improvement of NYHA functional class and increased freedom from cardiovascular rehospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Saskia Jäck
- Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Tilman Stephan
- Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Rattka
- Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Bothner
- Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Mirjam Keßler
- Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tillman Dahme
- Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Mizukami K, Homma T, Natsui H, Kato M, Otsu K, Takenaka T, Sato M. Positioning an ECG electrode to the dorsal side can record higher amplitude of CMAPs during cryoballoon ablation. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:328-334. [PMID: 32256882 PMCID: PMC7132177 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Phrenic nerve injury (PNI) is one of the important complications during cryoballoon (CB) ablation. Recording diaphragmatic compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) during CB ablation can predict PNI. CMAP monitoring may be inaccurate when CMAP amplitudes are low. We examined the effect of positioning an electrocardiography (ECG) electrode at the dorsal side. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 197 consecutive patients who underwent CB ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) (April 2016 to December 2018) at our institution. CMAP amplitudes were monitored using two recording methods just before cryoapplication. (a) Conventional method: right-arm ECG electrode positioned 5 cm above the xiphoid on the ventral side; left-arm ECG electrode positioned along the costal margin. (b) Our original method: right-arm electrode positioned 5 cm above the xiphoid on the dorsal side; left-arm electrode positioned along the costal margin. RESULTS The CMAP amplitude during right phrenic nerve pacing was significantly higher at the dorsal side than the ventral side (0.80 ± 0.31 mV vs 0.66 ± 0.29 mV, P < .01). Similarly, the CMAP amplitude during left phrenic nerve pacing was significantly higher at the dorsal side than the ventral side (0.92 ± 0.39 mV, 0.73 ± 0.37 mV, P < .01). PNI occurred in six patients (3.0%); three patients experienced transient PNI, another three patients experienced persistent PNI, and none developed permanent PNI. CONCLUSIONS CMAP amplitudes were significantly high at the dorsal side compared to the ventral side. Monitoring phrenic nerve function using an ECG electrode at the dorsal side is a simple and easy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Mizukami
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical CenterSapporoJapan
| | - Tsuneaki Homma
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical CenterSapporoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Natsui
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical CenterSapporoJapan
| | - Mizuki Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical CenterSapporoJapan
| | - Keisuke Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical CenterSapporoJapan
| | - Takashi Takenaka
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical CenterSapporoJapan
| | - Minoru Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical CenterSapporoJapan
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17
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Aksu T, Yalin K, Guler TE, Bozyel S, Heeger CH, Tilz RR. Acute Procedural Complications of Cryoballoon Ablation: A Comprehensive Review. J Atr Fibrillation 2019; 12:2208. [PMID: 32435335 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Catheter ablation is increasingly performed for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Balloon based procedures have been developed aiming at safer, easier and more effective treatment as compared to point to point ablation. In the present review article, we aimed to discuss acute procedural complications of cryoballoon ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kivanc Yalin
- Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.,University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tumer Erdem Guler
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serdar Bozyel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Christian-H Heeger
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roland R Tilz
- University Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Akkaya E, Berkowitsch A, Rieth A, Erkapic D, Hamm CW, Neumann T, Kuniss M. Clinical outcome and left atrial function after left atrial roof ablation using the cryoballoon technique in patients with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2019; 292:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Wang KR, Liu FF, Zhou YF. Difficulties in tracheal extubation due to phrenic nerve injury during massive mediastinal tumor resection: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16252. [PMID: 31261591 PMCID: PMC6617445 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Massive mediastinal tumors present a major challenge for surgery and anesthesia management due to possible perioperative circulation and respiratory dysfunction. PATIENT CONCERNS A 36-year-old female underwent difficulty with tracheal extubation and required mechanical ventilation for 3 months after resection of a massive mediastinal tumor. DIAGNOSES Postoperative B-ultrasound examination of diaphragmatic motor weakness and electrophysiological examination indicated respiratory failure due to phrenic nerve injury. INTERVENTIONS The patient failed tracheal extubation several times after the operation and finally a tracheotomy was performed. Mechanical ventilation, anti-infective treatment, and systemic supportive treatment were provided. OUTCOMES The patient recovered well after tracheotomy and approximately 3 months of ventilation support. LESSONS Weaning difficulty caused by phrenic nerve injury seriously affected patient postoperative rehabilitation. To reduce the occurrence of similar problems, intraoperative phrenic nerve electrophysiological monitoring should be conducted.
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20
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Pott A, Baumhardt M, Weinmann K, Rattka M, Stephan T, Keßler M, Bothner C, Petscher K, Rottbauer W, Dahme T. Impact of atrial rhythm on pulmonary vein signals in cryoballoon ablation - Sinus rhythm predicts real-time observation of pulmonary vein isolation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 23:100353. [PMID: 31065585 PMCID: PMC6495074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Real-time observation of pulmonary vein (PV) potentials with a spiral mapping catheter has emerged as a key electrogram-based procedural parameter to estimate lesion quality and titrate cryoenergy application during PV isolation (PVI) with the cryoballoon. Whether correct PV electrogram interpretation and thus PVI real-time observation rate depends on atrial rhythm during cryoballoon PVI is unknown. We compared observation rates of time-to PV isolation (TTI) during sinus rhythm (SR group) and during atrial fibrillation (AFib group) in cryoballoon PVI. Methods We prospectively included 157 consecutive patients undergoing cryoballoon PVI and compared the incidence of PVI real-time recording of each pulmonary vein during SR and in AFib. Results Overall PVI real-time observation rate was 82.1% (491/598 PV) with significantly higher TTI observation rate in the SR group (315/365 PV, 86.3%) compared to the AFib group (176/233 PV, 75.5%; p < 0.001). Per vein analysis demonstrated that only TTI observation rate in the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) was significantly higher during SR (85/92, 92.4%) compared to AFib (37/54, 68.5%; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that atrial rhythm is a strong and independent predictor of PVI real-time observation in the LSPV with an odds ratio of 4.98 (95%-CI: 1.86–13.34, p = 0.001) to detect TTI during SR. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that correct interpretation of PV electrograms and thus PVI real-time observation is more likely in SR than in AFib. Hence, cardioversion of patients in AFib at the beginning of the procedure should be considered to yield higher PVI real-time observation rates facilitating TTI guided cryoenergy titration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pott
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Baumhardt
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolina Weinmann
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Rattka
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tilman Stephan
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirjam Keßler
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carlo Bothner
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Petscher
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tillman Dahme
- Department of Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Knight BP, Novak PG, Sangrigoli R, Champagne J, Dubuc M, Adler SW, Svinarich JT, Essebag V, Hokanson R, Kueffer F, Jain SK, John RM, Mansour M, Knight B, Novak P, Sangrigoli R, Champagne J, Dubuc M, Essebag V, Adler S, Jain S, Svinarich T, John R, Lockwood E, Gandhi G, Wish M, Levy M, Gassis S, Johnson E, Seger J, Remole S, Collins HW, Oren J, Andrade J, Bernabei M, Osman A, Wu R, Merliss A, Mansour M, Miles W, Su W, Blatt J, Seide H, Becker G, Souza J, Lloyd M, Cameron C, Baker J, Mitra R, Packer D, McLeod C, DeVille B, Compton S. Long-Term Outcomes After Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Using the Second-Generation Cryoballoon. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2019; 5:306-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Miyamoto K, Doi A, Hasegawa K, Morita Y, Mishima T, Suzuki I, Kaseno K, Nakajima K, Kataoka N, Kamakura T, Wada M, Yamagata K, Ishibashi K, Inoue YY, Nagase S, Noda T, Aiba T, Asakura M, Izumi C, Noguchi T, Tada H, Takagi M, Yasuda S, Kusano KF. Multicenter Study of the Validity of Additional Freeze Cycles for Cryoballoon Ablation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12:e006989. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.118.006989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Doi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (A.D.)
| | - Kanae Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Fukui, Yoshida, Japan (K.H., K.K., H.T.)
| | - Yoshiaki Morita
- Department of Radiology (Y.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mishima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Ippei Suzuki
- Department of Data Science (I.S.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kaseno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Fukui, Yoshida, Japan (K.H., K.K., H.T.)
| | - Kenzaburo Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kamakura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yamagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishibashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuko Y. Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagase
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (M.A.)
| | - Chisato Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Fukui, Yoshida, Japan (K.H., K.K., H.T.)
| | - Masahiko Takagi
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kengo F. Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., T.M., K.N., N.K., T.K., M.W., K.Y., K.I., Y.Y.I., S.N., T.N., T.A., C.I., T.N., S.Y., K.F.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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Kuniss M, Greiß H, Pajitnev D, Akkaya E, Deubner N, Hain A, Bodammer L, Berkowitsch A, Chierchia GB, Hamm CW, Neumann T. Cryoballoon ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: feasibility and safety of left atrial roof ablation with generation of conduction block in addition to antral pulmonary vein isolation. Europace 2018; 19:1109-1115. [PMID: 27738068 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Although the generation of linear lesions by ablation improves success rates in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), the procedure has been considered unsuitable for cryoablation balloon catheter technologies. We developed a technique for linear ablations, using second-generation cryoballoon technology. Methods and results This was a single-arm, prospective study in 76 patients with persistent AF treated consecutively at our centre. Cryoablation was performed using a 28 mm second-generation cryoballoon. The first cryoenergy application was performed in close proximity to the position during isolation of the left superior pulmonary vein (PV). Sequential overlapping freezes were applied along the left atrial (LA) roof by slight clockwise rotation of the sheath in combination with slight retraction of the sheath and incremental advancement of the cryoballoon, until reaching the original position for right superior PV isolation. The acute endpoint was the creation of a roofline, defined as complete conduction block across the LA roof >120 ms and ascending activation across the posterior LA wall. Acute success in roofline generation was achieved in 88% of patients, applying on average five (median 4-6) freezes with nadir temperature of -40°C (-36 to -44°C). In five patients, conduction block could not be achieved. No phrenic nerve injuries occurred during roofline generation. Conclusion Generation of linear roofline lesions is possible with the second-generation cryoballoon. The technique can be used in combination with PV isolation to treat persistent AF with good acute success rates, short procedure times, and acceptable safety concerns. If validated by further studies, the method would be an appealing alternative to radiofrequency ablation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kuniss
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Harald Greiß
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Dmitri Pajitnev
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ersan Akkaya
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nikolas Deubner
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Hain
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lars Bodammer
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Berkowitsch
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Centre, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Quick, safe, and effective maneuver to prevent phrenic nerve injury during cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2018; 53:233-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-018-0379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Balmforth D, Smith A, Nagore D, Schilling R, O’Brien B. Can Transesophageal Echocardiography Be Performed Safely Using a Laryngeal Mask Airway During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:790-795. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Okishige K, Aoyagi H, Nishimura T, Shigeta T, Nakamura T, Yamauchi Y, Keida T, Sasano T, Hirao K. Characteristics of dormant pulmonary vein conduction induced by adenosine triphosphate in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation. J Cardiol 2018; 71:577-582. [PMID: 29496337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can provoke acute reconnections after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). This study aimed to investigate dormant conduction (DC) after ablation with second-generation cryoballoon (CB). METHODS Two hundred sixteen patients (148 male; age 64±9 years) with atrial fibrillation (AF) were included. After a successful PVI with the CB, 20mg of ATP was administered. All patients were followed up for 425±56 days. RESULTS Seven hundred ninety-five out of 864 (92%) PVs were successfully isolated solely by the CB. DCs were revealed in 8 (3.7%) after ATP injections. AF recurrences occurred in 2 out of 8 patients, while no AF recurrences could be documented in 6 out of 8 patients with DCs after a blanking period of 3 months (25% vs. 75%). In contrast, 29 (13.9%) patients without DCs had AF recurrences, and there was no significant difference between those with and without DCs regarding the recurrence rate of AF (p=0.38). There were no reliable predictors of DCs after the PVI with the CB. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated a low rate of transient PV reconnection after adenosine infusion following successful PVI with the CB. There was no reliable predictor of DCs. Further studies will be needed in order to appreciate the prognostic value of adenosine testing after successful PVI with the CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Okishige
- Heart Center, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hideshi Aoyagi
- Heart Center, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takurou Nishimura
- Heart Center, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Shigeta
- Heart Center, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Nakamura
- Heart Center, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Yamauchi
- Heart Center, Japan Red Cross Yokohama City Bay Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Arrhythmia Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hirao
- Arrhythmia Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Pott A, Kraft C, Stephan T, Petscher K, Rottbauer W, Dahme T. Time-to-isolation guided titration of freeze duration in 3rd generation short-tip cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation – Comparable clinical outcome and shorter procedure duration. Int J Cardiol 2018; 255:80-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Keçe F, Zeppenfeld K, Trines SA. The Impact of Advances in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Devices on the Incidence and Prevention of Complications. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2018; 7:169-180. [PMID: 30416730 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2018.7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with atrial fibrillation currently referred for catheter ablation is increasing. However, the number of trained operators and the capacity of many electrophysiology labs are limited. Accordingly, a steeper learning curve and technical advances for efficient and safe ablation are desirable. During the last decades several catheter-based ablation devices have been developed and adapted to improve not only lesion durability, but also safety profiles, to shorten procedure time and to reduce radiation exposure. The goal of this review is to summarise the reported incidence of complications, considering device-related specific aspects for point-by-point, multi-electrode and balloon-based devices for pulmonary vein isolation. Recent technical and procedural developments aimed at reducing procedural risks and complications rates will be reviewed. In addition, the impact of technical advances on procedural outcome, procedural length and radiation exposure will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehmi Keçe
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, University of Leiden Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, University of Leiden Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Serge A Trines
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, University of Leiden Leiden, the Netherlands
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29
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Jin ES, Wang PJ. Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: a Comprehensive Review and Practice Guide. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:114-123. [PMID: 29441744 PMCID: PMC5861002 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cryoballoon was invented to achieve circumferential pulmonary vein isolation more efficiently to compliment the shortcomings of point-by-point ablation by radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Its efficacy and safety were shown to be comparable to those of RFA, and the clinical outcomes have improved with the second-generation cryoballoon. The basic biophysics, implemental techniques, procedural recommendations, clinical outcomes, and complications of the cryoballoon are presented in this practical and systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Jin
- Cardiovascular Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Kulkarni N, Su W, Wu R. How to Prevent, Detect and Manage Complications Caused by Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2018; 7:18-23. [PMID: 29636968 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2017.32.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and the prevalence is increasing every year. Patients who fail to maintain sinus rhythm with use of anti-arrhythmic drug therapy are referred for catheter ablation. Cryoballoon (CB) ablation has emerged as an effective and alternative treatment option to traditional point-by-point radiofrequency ablation, but there can be complications. This article reviews the incidence, presentation, risk factors, management and preventative strategies of three major complications associated with CB ablation: phrenic nerve injury, atrial oesophageal fistula and bronchial injury. Although these complications are rare, electrophysiologists should institute measures to identify high-risk patients, implement best-practice techniques to minimise risks and maintain a high index of suspicion to recognise the complications quickly and implement correct treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kulkarni
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Wilber Su
- Banner University Medical Center, University of ArizonaPhoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Richard Wu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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31
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Canpolat U, Kocyigit D, Aytemir K. Complications of Atrial Fibrillation Cryoablation. J Atr Fibrillation 2017; 10:1620. [PMID: 29487676 PMCID: PMC5821627 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Catheter ablation either by using radiofrequency or cryo energy in symptomatic patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has shown to be effective as compared to anti-arrhythmic drugs. However, all the techniques used during AF ablation are not free of complication. There are several well-known peri-procedural complications in which operators should be informed of the possible risks, cautious during the procedure and able to manage them when occurred. Herein, we aimed to review possible complications of AF cryoablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Canpolat
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kocyigit
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kudret Aytemir
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Assessment of autonomic nervous system modulation after novel catheter ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation using multiple short-term electrocardiogram recordings. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2017; 51:35-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-017-0295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Vagal response in cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation and autonomic nervous system: Utility of epicardial adipose tissue location. J Arrhythm 2017; 33:275-282. [PMID: 28765757 PMCID: PMC5529607 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanism and effects of vagal response (VR) during cryoballoon ablation procedure on the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) are unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between VR during cryoballoon catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and ANS modulation by evaluating epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) locations and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Methods Forty-one patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (11 with VR during the procedure and 30 without VR) who underwent second-generation cryoballoon ablation were included. EAT locations and changes in HRV parameters were compared between the VR and non-VR groups, using Holter monitoring before ablation, immediately after ablation and one month after ablation. Results The total EAT volume surrounding the left atrium (LA) in the VR and non-VR groups was 29.0±18.4 cm3 vs 27.7±19.7 cm3, respectively (p=0.847). The VR group exhibited greater EAT volume overlaying the LA-left superior pulmonary vein (PV) junction (6.1±3.6 cm3 vs 3.6±3.3 cm3, p=0.039) than the non-VR group. HRV parameters similarly changed following ablation in both the groups. EAT volume overlaying LA-right superior PV junction was significantly correlated with the relative changes in root-mean-square successive differences (r=−0.317, p=0.043) and high frequency (r=−0.331, p=0.034), immediately after the ablation. Conclusions Changes in HRV parameters following ablation were similarly observed in both the groups. EAT volume on the LA-PV junction is helpful for interpretation of VR occurrence and ANS modulation.
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Miyazaki S, Kusa S, Hachiya H, Taniguchi H, Niida T, Ichijo S, Hirao K, Iesaka Y. Electrical superior vena cava isolation using a novel pace-and-ablate technique under diaphragmatic electromyography monitoring. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:678-684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Miyamoto K, Doi A, Amaya N, Morita Y, Noda T, Asakura M, Hamasaki T, Tada H, Takagi M, Yasuda S, Kusano K. A multicenter study of the need of additional freezing for cryoballoon ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation: The AD-Balloon study. J Arrhythm 2017; 33:81-85. [PMID: 28416971 PMCID: PMC5388036 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a cornerstone of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), and balloon-based ablation has been recently performed worldwide. Ablation using the second-generation cryoballoon (CB2) (Arctic Front AdvanceTM, Medtronic, MN, USA) is useful for PVI; however, there is some debate concerning the optimal freezing time and number of cycles after PVI is achieved. Methods The AD-Balloon study was designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the optimal strategy (freezing cycles) of CB2 ablation (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000020130). The main objective of this study is to investigate the need for an additional freezing cycle after PVI in patients treated with CB2 ablation. Patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with additional freezing (AD group) or without additional freezing (non-AD group). In the AD group, 3 min of additional freezing time will be applied in all pulmonary veins after PVI is confirmed at the previous freezing cycle. In the non-AD group, no additional freezing will be applied in all pulmonary veins after PVI is confirmed. The primary endpoint of this study is the occurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias within a 1-year follow-up period. We will enroll 110 consecutive patients with PAF. We will also investigate the usefulness of delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging to assess the ablation lesions caused by CB2 ablation. Results The results of this study are currently under investigation. Conclusion The AD-Balloon study would assess the need for an additional freezing cycle after PVI is achieved. Our findings may contribute to further improvement of the CB2 ablation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Atsushi Doi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Naoki Amaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morita
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kengo Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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Uribe W, Carlos-Díaz J, Duque L, Marín JE, Aristizábal JM, Velásquez JE, Duque M. Ablación de fibrilación auricular: primera serie colombiana de crioablación con balón. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pott A, Messemer M, Petscher K, Iturbe-Orbe M, Bothner C, Rottbauer W, Dahme T. Clinical outcome of 2nd generation cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation in patients over 75 years of age. J Cardiol 2017; 69:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Parikh V, Kowalski M. Comparison of Phrenic Nerve Injury during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation between Different Modalities, Pathophysiology and Management. J Atr Fibrillation 2016; 8:1314. [PMID: 27957229 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation ablation has emerged as an effective tool in the management of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Currently, the electrophysiologists are striving to maximize the success while minimizing complications. Phrenic nerve injury (PNI) is one of the concerning complications, especially in cases of cryoballoon ablation. Due to anatomical proximity to atrial tissue, phrenic nerve is particularly susceptible to injury. With evolving monitoring techniques it is now possible to minimize the likelihood of a permanent PNI. However, the challenge remains to detect PNI at the earliest and to avoid further damage to the nerve. In this review, we discuss pertinent anatomical principles, techniques to avoid PNI and management in cases where PNI is encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valay Parikh
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health System, NY
| | - Marcin Kowalski
- Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health System, NY
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SHARMA PARIKSHITS, PADALA SANTOSHK, THOMPSON JJENKINS, GUNDA SAMPATH, KONERU JAYANTHIN, ELLENBOGEN KENNETHA. Factors Influencing Diaphragmatic Compound Motor Action Potentials During Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016; 27:1384-1389. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PARIKSHIT S. SHARMA
- Division of Cardiology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - SANTOSH K. PADALA
- Division of Cardiology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - J. JENKINS THOMPSON
- Division of Cardiology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - SAMPATH GUNDA
- Division of Cardiology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - JAYANTHI N. KONERU
- Division of Cardiology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - KENNETH A. ELLENBOGEN
- Division of Cardiology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond Virginia USA
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Novel method for earlier detection of phrenic nerve injury during cryoballoon applications for electrical isolation of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:1810-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bahnson TD. Preventing Phrenic Nerve Injury During Second Generation Cryoballoon Ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2016; 2:515-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ang R, Domenichini G, Finlay MC, Schilling RJ, Hunter RJ. The Hot and the Cold: Radiofrequency Versus Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation. Curr Cardiol Rep 2016; 17:631. [PMID: 26266757 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-015-0631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catheter ablation is superior to antiarrhythmic drugs in maintaining sinus rhythm for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is the cornerstone of any AF ablation procedure. Conventionally, this is achieved by performing point by point lesions using radiofrequency (RF) energy. However, this is technically challenging, time consuming and is associated with a number of complications. Long-term durability of PV isolation is also a concern. To address these issues, 'one-shot' energy delivery systems and alternative energy sources have been developed. The cryoballoon system has emerged as the most commonly used alternative to point by point RF technology. In this paper, we compare the technology, biophysics and clinical data of cryoballoon to conventional RF ablation for AF. The safety and efficacy of cryoballoon compared to RF ablation is critically reviewed. We conclude by looking at future applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ang
- Department of Arrhythmia Services, The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust & QMUL, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
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Increased rate of observed real-time pulmonary vein isolation with third-generation short-tip cryoballoon. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2016; 47:333-339. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-016-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guhl EN, Siddoway D, Adelstein E, Bazaz R, Mendenhall GS, Nemec J, Saba S, Schwartzman D, Voigt A, Wang NC, Jain SK. Incidence and Predictors of Complications During Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003724. [PMID: 27444510 PMCID: PMC5015404 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has emerged as an alternative to radiofrequency PVI for atrial fibrillation (AF). Data are lacking to define the rates and predictors of complications, particularly phrenic nerve injury (PNI). METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated a single-center prospective registry of 450 consecutive patients undergoing cryoballoon PVI between 2011 and 2015. Patients were 59±10 years old, 26% were women, 58% had hypertension, their mean CHA2DS2VASc score was 1.7±1.3, 30% had persistent atrial fibrillation, and 92% received a second-generation 28-mm balloon. Predefined major complications were persistent PNI, pericardial effusion, deep vein thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula, atrioesophageal fistula, bleeding requiring transfusion, stroke, and death. PNI was categorized as persistent if it persisted after discharge from the laboratory. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of complications and specifically PNI. We identified a major complication in 10 (2.2%) patients. In 49 (10.8%) patients, at least transient PNI was observed; only 5 persisted beyond the procedure (1.1%). All cases of PNI resolved eventually, with the longest time to resolution being 48 days. We also describe 2 cases of PNI manifesting after the index hospitalization. Regression analysis identified 23-mm balloon use (16.3% versus 5.2%, odds ratio 2.94, P=0.011) and increased age (62.8±7.7 versus 58.7±0.12 years, odds ratio 1.058, P=0.014) as independent significant predictors of PNI. There were no significant predictors of major complications. CONCLUSIONS In a large contemporary cohort, cryoballoon PVI is associated with low procedural risk, including lower rates of PNI than previously reported. Older age and 23-mm balloon use were associated with PNI. Our low rate of PNI may reflect more sensitive detection methods, including compound motor action potential monitoring and forced double-deflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Guhl
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Donald Siddoway
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Evan Adelstein
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Raveen Bazaz
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George S Mendenhall
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jan Nemec
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Samir Saba
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David Schwartzman
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Andrew Voigt
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Norman C Wang
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sandeep K Jain
- Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ichihara N, Miyazaki S, Iwasawa J, Matsuda J, Taniguchi H, Nakamura H, Hachiya H, Takagi T, Kuroi A, Iesaka Y. Prevalence and Pre-Procedural Predictors Associated With Right Phrenic Nerve Injury in Electromyography-Guided, Second-Generation Cryoballoon Ablation: Single Large Balloon and Single 3-Minute Freeze Techniques. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2016; 2:508-514. [PMID: 29759874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and pre-procedural predictors of right phrenic nerve injury (PNI) in electromyography-guided, second-generation cryoballoon (CB) ablation. BACKGROUND Second-generation CBs perform better pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) than first-generation CBs; however, right PNI remains a concern. METHODS One hundred consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent cryoablation were prospectively enrolled. Contrast-enhanced cardiac multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was obtained pre-procedurally. PVI was performed with one 28-mm second-generation balloon using a 3-min freeze technique under electromyography guidance. RESULTS In all, 377 of 392 (96.2%) PVs were isolated using a CB. In 9 (9.0%) patients, right PNI was observed during the ablation of the right superior PV (RSPV). All events occurred during freezing, except for 1 that occurred during thawing. Right peri-cardiophrenic bundles (RPCBs) were identified at the level of the RSPV on MDCT in 97 patients. In the logistic regression analysis, the distance from the RSPV ostium to the RPCBs (hazard ratio: 0.263; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.110 to 0.630; p = 0.003) was the sole predictor of PNI. The optimal cutoff point for the distance for predicting right PNI was 12.4 mm (sensitivity 96.6%, specificity 88.9%) with an area under the curve of 0.968 (95% CI: 0.922 to 1.000). The PNI resolved spontaneously within 1 day and 2 months in 6 and 2 patients, respectively, and at 8 months in the remaining patient, with delayed recognition of an electromyography decrease. CONCLUSIONS Persistent right PNI is a rare complication during electromyography-guided, second-generation CB ablation. Electromyography should be monitored even during the thawing time. Pre-procedural MDCT might be useful for risk stratification of right PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Ichihara
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Miyazaki
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Jin Iwasawa
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuda
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Taniguchi
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hachiya
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Takagi
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Kuroi
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Iesaka
- Cardiovascular Center, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
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MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE, ICHIHARA NOBORU, NAKAMURA HIROAKI, TANIGUCHI HIROSHI, HACHIYA HITOSHI, ARAKI MAKOTO, TAKAGI TAKAMITSU, IWASAWA JIN, KUROI AKIO, HIRAO KENZO, IESAKA YOSHITO. Prospective Evaluation of Electromyography-Guided Phrenic Nerve Monitoring During Superior Vena Cava Isolation to Anticipate Phrenic Nerve Injury. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016; 27:390-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SHINSUKE MIYAZAKI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
- Heart Rhythm Center; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - NOBORU ICHIHARA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - HIROAKI NAKAMURA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - HIROSHI TANIGUCHI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - HITOSHI HACHIYA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - MAKOTO ARAKI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - TAKAMITSU TAKAGI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - JIN IWASAWA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - AKIO KUROI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - KENZO HIRAO
- Heart Rhythm Center; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - YOSHITO IESAKA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
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Meissner A, Maagh P, Christoph A, Oernek A, Plehn G. ECG-Guided Surveillance Technique in Cryoballoon Ablation for Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Strategy to Prevent From Phrenic Nerve Palsy. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:403-11. [PMID: 27279788 PMCID: PMC4893553 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is still a cause for concern in Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) procedures. New surveillance techniques, such as invasive registration of the compound motor action potential (CMAP), have been thought to prevent the occurrence of PNP. The present study investigates the impact of CMAP surveillance via an alternative and non-invasive ECG-conduction technique during CBA. METHODS PVI with CBA was performed in 166 patients suffering from AF. Diaphragmal contraction was monitored by abdominal hands-on observation in Observation Group I; Observation Group II was treated using additional ECG-conduction, as a means of modified CMAP surveillance method. During the ablation of the right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, the upper extremities lead I was newly adjusted between the inferior sternum and the right chest, thereby recording the maximum CMAP. The CMAP in the above-mentioned ECG leads was continuously observed in a semi-quantitative manner. RESULTS PNP was observed in 10 (6%) patients in total. In Observation Group I, 6 out of 61 (9.8%) demonstrated PNP. In Observation Group II a significant decrease of PNP could be demonstrated (p <0,001) and occurred in 4 out of 105 patients (3.8%). While three patients from Observation Group I left the EP lap with an ongoing PNP, none of the patients in Observation Group II had persistent PNP outside of the EP lab. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that additional ECG-conduction, used as modified CMAP surveillance, is an easy, effective and helpful additional safety measure to prevent PNP in CBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Meissner
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Internal Intensive Care, Klinikum Merheim, University Witten/Herdecke/Germany Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Maagh
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Internal Intensive Care, Klinikum Merheim, University Witten/Herdecke/Germany Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arndt Christoph
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Rhythmology and Internal Intensive Care, Klinikum Merheim, University Witten/Herdecke/Germany Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ahmet Oernek
- 2. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil GmbH, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum
| | - Gunnar Plehn
- 3. Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Johanniter-Krankenhaus Rheinhausen GmbH, Kreuzacker 1-7, 47228 Duisburg, Germany
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Saitoh Y, Ströker E, Irfan G, Mugnai G, Ciconte G, Hünük B, Velagić V, Overeinder I, Tanaka K, Brugada P, de Asmundis C, Chierchia GB. Fluoroscopic position of the second-generation cryoballoon during ablation in the right superior pulmonary vein as a predictor of phrenic nerve injury. Europace 2015; 18:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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ICHIHARA NOBORU, MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE, NAKAMURA HIROAKI, TANIGUCHI HIROSHI, TAKAGI TAKAMITSU, HACHIYA HITOSHI, ARAKI MAKOTO, IWASAWA JIN, KUROI AKIO, IESAKA YOSHITO. Impact of Catheter Contact Force on Superior Vena Cava Mapping and Localization of the Right Phrenic Nerve by High Output Pacing. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015; 27:290-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NOBORU ICHIHARA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - SHINSUKE MIYAZAKI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - HIROAKI NAKAMURA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - HIROSHI TANIGUCHI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - TAKAMITSU TAKAGI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - HITOSHI HACHIYA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - MAKOTO ARAKI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - JIN IWASAWA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - AKIO KUROI
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - YOSHITO IESAKA
- Cardiovascular Center; Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital; Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
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Gonzalez J, Levinstein M, Brugada P. [Cryoablation: Clinical applications in cardiac electrophysiology from their biophysical bases]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2015; 86:41-50. [PMID: 26556222 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryoablation is an energy alternative to radiofrequency for ablation of various arrhythmias, where its unique biophysical properties offer a greater safety profile. Since its first use for the surgical treatment of different arrhythmias until its conceptualization in the current technical transcatheter, cryoablation has proven not to be only a safe source of energy, but also an effective source in the long-term. While the radiofrequency has been the energy most used for isolation of pulmonary veins in atrial fibrillation ablation, technological advances in cryoballon have managed to simplify the procedure without sacrificing its effectiveness. Cryoablation has been widely used for arrhythmias located in high-risk locations, such as the ablation of the atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and septal accessory pathways, due to its theoretical null risk of complete AV block. This review intends to give the clinical applications of the cryothermy through a thorough understanding of their biophysical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gonzalez
- Centro Especializado en Terapia Endovascular, Jardines Hospital de Especialidad, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | | | - Pedro Brugada
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, UZ Brussel-VUB, Bruselas, Bélgica
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