Relationship between individual cardiovascular risk factors and localization of coronary atherosclerotic lesions

Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease Progression among High-risk Patients with Recurrent Symptoms

Background

Despite the availability of new potent medical therapies, the rate of progression of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well described. The aim of this analysis is to describe the rate and predictors of progression of CAD among patients with recurrent symptoms.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed 259 patients (mean age 61 ± 11 years, 70% males) who underwent two coronary angiograms between 2008 and 2013. Progressive CAD was defined as obstructive CAD in a previously disease-free segment or new obstruction in a previously nonobstructive segment. Patients who had coronary artery bypass surgery between these two angiograms were excluded from the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of progression of CAD.

Results

The included cohort had a high prevalence of coronary risk factors; hypertension (71%), diabetes (69%), and dyslipidemia (75%). Despite adequate medical therapy, more than half of the patients (61%) had CAD progression. Using multivariate logistic regression, a drop in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by more than 5% was the predictor of CAD progression (adjusted odds ratio 5.8, P = 0.042, 95% confidence interval 1.1-31.2).

Conclusion

Among high-risk patients with recurrent symptoms, the short-term rate of progression of CAD is high. A drop in LVEF >5% is a predictor of CAD progression. Further studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of CAD progression in the era of potent medical therapy.