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Mycoplasmas infection in male HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu, China. Microb Pathog 2013; 63:54-8. [PMID: 23823084 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are widely distributed among animals, plants, and human. The four species namely, Mycoplasmas genitalium(Mg), Mycoplasmas fermentans(Mf), Mycoplasmas pentrans(Mpe), Mycoplasmas pirum(Mpi) are also called AIDS-associated mycoplasmas due to their involvement in the development and outcome of AIDS. To investigate the infection prevalence of Mg, Mf, Mpe and Mpi among male HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu Province and to analyze the relationship between pathogenic mycoplasmas and cellular immune function of them. First void urine and venous blood samples were collected and epidemiology questionnaires were administered after informed consent. Nested PCR was performed to determine the infection of Mg, Mf, Mpe and Mpi while ELISA assay was applied to detect interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). SAS 9.0 software was applied to analyze the data. A total of 713 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in this study. The overall infection rates of Mg, Mf, Mpe and Mpi are 27.9%, 9.7%, 1.0% and 18.4% respectively. Generally, the infection rates of Mg(χ(2) = 10.311, P = 0.006) and Mpi were declined as the CD4+ cell counts increased, while Mf infection was higher in CD4+ T cell>350/μl group. The levels of cytokines are different with the variance of mycoplasmas infection. Mycoplasma infection among male HIV/AIDS patients is associated with changes in cellular immune response (cytokines). However, the affect of mycoplasmas on the immune function is complex, further studies are still required to elucidate whether mycoplasmas interact with HIV by interfering host immune system.
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Liu F, Guo J, Tian T, Wang H, Dong F, Huang H, Dong M. Placental trophoblasts shifted Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 and inhibited Th17 immunity at fetomaternal interface. APMIS 2011; 119:597-604. [PMID: 21851417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aims were to clarify the effect of placental trophoblasts on T lymphocytes by assessing production of cytokines and expression of transcription factors regulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity in T lymphocytes. Placental trophoblasts were isolated and conditioned medium was made after trophoblast cultivation for 72 h. T lymphocytes were cultured in presence or absence of conditioned medium. ELISA was used to detect concentration of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 in supernatants of T cell and real-time PCR was used to detect the status of Th1 (T-bet, STAT-4), Th2 (GATA-3, STAT-6), and Th17 (RORC) immunity in T lymphocyte. We found that the level of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 was significantly decreased when T lymphocytes were cultured in conditioned medium compared with control, while IL-10 and IL-4 level were not significantly changed. The presence of conditioned medium significantly decreased the ratio of Th1/Th2. The expression of GATA-3 and STAT-6 were significantly increased and STAT-4 was reduced when T lymphocyte was cultured in conditioned medium, while the expression of T-bet and RORC was not significantly different. We concluded that placental trophoblast-induced shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 and inhibition of Th17 might be among the mechanisms involved in maternal tolerance to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Guo
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhi Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Faber V, Klumper F, Scherjon S, van Wijngaarden W. Severe pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome after massive fetomaternal hemorrhage following blunt abdominal trauma. Pregnancy Hypertens 2011; 1:197-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dong M, Ding G, Zhou J, Wang H, Zhao Y, Huang H. The Effect of Trophoblasts on T Lymphocytes: Possible Regulatory Effector Molecules - A Proteomic Analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2008; 21:463-72. [DOI: 10.1159/000129639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Hahn S, Gupta AK, Troeger C, Rusterholz C, Holzgreve W. Disturbances in placental immunology: ready for therapeutic interventions? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 27:477-93. [PMID: 16738957 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-006-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have provided new insight into aberrations in the immunological interplay between mother and fetus and their potential role in the development of recurrent fetal loss and preeclampsia. The action of anti-phospholipid antibodies in recurrent fetal loss is now proposed to involve the complement system, neutrophil activation and the production of TNFalpha by immune bystander cells. A clear involvement of the immune system is emerging in preeclampsia, involving mainly the innate arm, especially neutrophils. The activation of peripheral neutrophils by placentally released inflammatory debris triggers the induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which may lead to an occlusion of the intervillous space, thereby further promoting a condition of placental hypoxia. It has, hence, been suggested that new therapeutic strategies be developed, including the possible use of TNFalpha antagonists in cases of recurrent miscarriage. These strategies need to be addressed with caution due to the possible induction of fetal congenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuhe Hahn
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Department of Research, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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