Associations of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles with severe recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Korean patients

Associations between HLA class II alleles and IgE sensitization to allergens in the Qatar Biobank cohort

Background

Allergic disorders are the consequence of IgE sensitization to allergens. Population studies have shown that certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are associated with increased or decreased risk of developing allergy.

Objective

We aimed to characterize the relationship between HLA class II allelic diversity and IgE sensitization in an understudied Arab population.

Methods

We explored associations between IgE sensitization to 7 allergen mixes and mesquite (comprising 41 food or aeroallergens) and 45 common classical HLA class II alleles in a well-defined cohort of 797 individuals representing the general adult population of Qatari nationals and long-term residents. To do so, we performed HLA calling from whole genome sequencing data at 2-field resolution using 2 independent algorithms. We then applied 3 different regression models to assess either each allergen mix independently, in the context of IgE sensitization to other allergens tested, or polysensitization.

Results

More than half (n = 447) of the study participants showed IgE sensitization to at least 1 allergen, most of them (n = 400) to aeroallergens (Phadiatop). We identified statistically significant negative and positive associations with 24 HLA class II alleles. These have been reported to confer risk or protection from variety of diseases; however, only a few have previously been associated with allergy in other populations.

Conclusions

Our study reveals several new risk and protective genetic markers for allergen-specific IgE sensitization. This is a first and essential step toward a better understanding of the origins of allergic diseases in this understudied population.

A review of the risk factors associated with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: genetic, immune and clinical aspects

BACKGROUND

Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) is one of the most common benign lesions of hyperplastic respiratory epithelial tissue in children and is predominantly caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 6 and 11. The clinical course of the disease is variable, and some patients even develop a malignancy. The purpose of this review was to summarize the related factors affecting the disease course in patients with JoRRP.

DATA SOURCES

We used databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, to search for publications on factors associated with the genetic, immune, and clinical aspects of JoRRP. The most relevant articles to the scope of this review were chosen for analysis.

RESULTS

Mother-to-child transmission is the most important mode of disease transmission; other factors, such as immune condition or genetic susceptibility, may be important determinants of JoRRP occurrence. Genetically, the presence of DRB1*0301 and HPV 6/11 E6/E7 is associated with a more severe disease. Immunewise, patients have an enhanced T helper 2-like response. In addition, regulatory T cells are enriched in tumors and may become one of the effective prognostic indicators. For clinical characteristics, patients infected with HPV-11 have more aggressive disease. However, compared with HPV type, age at first onset is a more important factor related to the aggressiveness of JoRRP. Furthermore, socioeconomic status may also affect the course.

CONCLUSIONS

Genetic, immune, and some clinical factors have been noted to play an important role in the course of JoRRP. Exploring definite influencing factors will be an important direction of research in the future.

HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles in Chinese Han patients with Juvenile-Onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

Juvenile-Onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a rare benign neoplasm of the respiratory mucosa caused by human papilloma virus. Previous studies on the possible associations between HLA alleles and JORRP have shown various results in different ethnic groups. The present study aims to investigate the association between JORRP and HLA class II DRB1and DQB1 alleles in Chinese Han children. We found that the frequencies of HLA-DRB1*03:01 (p_c = 0.0378, OR = 4.8) and HLA-DQB1*02:01 (p_c = 0.021, OR = 4.8) alleles were significantly higher in patients with JORRP than in controls. In addition, HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele significantly correlated with aggressive JORRP (r = 0.467, p = 0.009). This was the first study on the HLA alleles in Chinese Han patients with JORRP. Future studies are required to further elucidate the correlation of HLA class II alleles and susceptibility to JORRP.

[The association of the severe clinical course of respiratory papillomatosis with certain HLA-DQ alleles]

We undertook the analysis of genetic polymorphism of the HLADQA1 and DQB1 genes in the patients presenting with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (n=21) with the use of the multiprimer polymerase chain reaction. The results of the study give evidence that the identification of DQ 2.5 and DQ 7.5 haplotypes encoded by the DQA1 *0501, DQB1 *0201, DQA1 *0505, and DQB1 *0301 alleles as well as the carriage of type 16 human papilloma virus (HPV) in combination with these haplotypes in the patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can be used for the prognostication of the severity of this disease.