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Blekeris T, Gedvilaite G, Kaikaryte K, Kriauciuniene L, Zaliuniene D, Liutkevciene R. Association of STAT4 Gene Polymorphisms (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, rs10168266) and Serum STAT4 Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Biomedicines 2023; 12:18. [PMID: 38275379 PMCID: PMC10813583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects the central part of the retina: the macula. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss in industrialized countries. Increasing attention is being paid to the study of genetic factors that may influence the manifestation of AMD. STAT4 protein is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory processes, so we decided to investigate the association between STAT4 gene polymorphisms (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, and rs10168266) and age-related macular degeneration. PURPOSE To investigate the association between STAT4 (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, and rs10168266) gene polymorphisms and STAT4 serum levels in patients with age-related macular degeneration. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS The study included 150 individuals with early AMD, 150 individuals with exudative AMD, and 200 healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using the DNA salting-out method, and the genotyping was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. STAT4 serum levels were evaluated using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed using "IBM SPSS "Statistics 29.0" software". RESULTS The study revealed no statistically significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles for the STAT4 polymorphisms (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, and rs10168266) between patients with AMD and the control group. Similarly, a gender-based analysis did not yield any significant differences in the genotype or allele frequencies. Age group comparisons also showed no statistically significant variations in the presence of these STAT4 polymorphisms between AMD patients and the control group. However, notably, individuals with exudative AMD displayed lower levels of serum STAT4 in comparison to the control group (median (IQR): 0.118 (0.042) vs. 0.262 (0.385), p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Investigating STAT4 gene polymorphisms (rs10181656, rs7574865, rs7601754, and rs10168266) did not reveal a significant association with AMD. However, further analysis demonstrated intriguing findings regarding serum STAT4 levels. Exudative AMD patients with at least one G allele of the STAT4 rs10181656 exhibited significantly lower serum STAT4 levels than the control group subjects (p = 0.011). Similarly, those with at least one T allele of STAT4 rs10168266 had lower serum STAT4 levels compared to the control group subjects (p = 0.039). These results suggest a potential link between specific STAT4 genotypes and serum STAT4 levels in exudative AMD patients, shedding light on a novel aspect of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Blekeris
- Medical Faculty, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Greta Gedvilaite
- Medical Faculty, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.B.); (K.K.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania (R.L.)
| | - Kriste Kaikaryte
- Medical Faculty, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.B.); (K.K.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania (R.L.)
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania (R.L.)
| | - Dalia Zaliuniene
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Liutkevciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania (R.L.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Londe AC, Fernandez-Ruiz R, Julio PR, Appenzeller S, Niewold TB. Type I Interferons in Autoimmunity: Implications in Clinical Phenotypes and Treatment Response. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:1103-1113. [PMID: 37399470 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2022-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) is thought to play a role in many systemic autoimmune diseases. IFN-I pathway activation is associated with pathogenic features, including the presence of autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes such as more severe disease with increased disease activity and damage. We will review the role and potential drivers of IFN-I dysregulation in 5 prototypic autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. We will also discuss current therapeutic strategies that directly or indirectly target the IFN-I system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Londe
- A.C. Londe, MSc, Autoimmunity Lab, and Graduate Program in Physiopathology, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz
- R. Fernandez-Ruiz, MD, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paulo Rogério Julio
- P. Rogério Julio, MSc, Autoimmunity Lab, and Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- S. Appenzeller, MD, PhD, Autoimmunity Lab, and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- T.B. Niewold, MD, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
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Mok CC. Targeted Small Molecules for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Drugs in the Pipeline. Drugs 2023; 83:479-496. [PMID: 36972009 PMCID: PMC10042116 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the uncertainty of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, novel small molecules targeting specific intracellular mechanisms of immune cells are being developed to reverse the pathophysiological processes. These targeted molecules have the advantages of convenient administration, lower production costs, and the lack of immunogenicity. The Janus kinases, Bruton's tyrosine kinases, and spleen tyrosine kinases are important enzymes for activating downstream signals from various receptors on immune cells that include cytokines, growth factor, hormones, Fc, CD40, and B-cell receptors. Suppression of these kinases impairs cellular activation, differentiation, and survival, leading to diminished cytokine actions and autoantibody secretion. Intracellular protein degradation by immunoproteasomes, levered by the cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is an essential process for the regulation of cellular functions and survival. Modulation of the immunoproteasomes and cereblon leads to depletion of long-lived plasma cells, reduced plasmablast differentiation, and production of autoantibodies and interferon-α. The sphingosine 1-phosphate/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 pathway is responsible for lymphocyte trafficking, regulatory T-cell/Th17 cell homeostasis, and vascular permeability. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 modulators limit the trafficking of autoreactive lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier, increase regulatory T-cell function, and decrease production of autoantibodies and type I interferons. This article summarizes the development of these targeted small molecules in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, and the future prospect for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tsing Chung Koon Road, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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4
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Shu Y, Ma X, Chen C, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhang L, Lu Z, Petersen F, Qiu W, Yu X. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease is associated with BANK1, RNASET2 and TNIP1 polymorphisms. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 372:577937. [PMID: 36054934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Here we aimed to compare association of common immune-related genetic variants with three autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases, namely myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 26 common immune-related single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 102 patients with MOGAD, 100 patients with MS, 198 patients with NMOSD and 541 healthy control subjects recruited from Guangzhou, China. RESULTS Among all tested genetic variations, one polymorphism, B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1 (BANK1) rs4522865 was associated with multiple disorders, namely MOGAD (OR = 1.94, 95% CI:1.19-3.17, P = 0.0059) and NMOSD (OR = 1.69, 95% CI:1.17-2.45). Besides BANK1 rs4522865, two other non-HLA loci, ribonuclease T2 (RNASET2) rs9355610 (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.26-0.85) and TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) rs10036748 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.16-2.71), were associated with MOGAD. In addition, NMOSD was associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) rs7574865 (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.12-2.24) and general transcription factor Iii (GTF2I) rs73366469 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI:1.12-2.29), while MS was associated with a killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1) rs1805673 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40-0.94) and T-box transcription factor 21 (TBX21) rs17244587 (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.25-4.06). CONCLUSION The current study suggests for the first time three non-HLA susceptibility loci for MOGAD. In addition, comparison of association of 26 immune-related polymorphisms with three autoimmune CNS demyelinating diseases demonstrates substantial difference in genetic basis of those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
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Hanton AJ, Scott F, Stenzel K, Nausch N, Zdesenko G, Mduluza T, Mutapi F. Frequency distribution of cytokine and associated transcription factor single nucleotide polymorphisms in Zimbabweans: Impact on schistosome infection and cytokine levels. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010536. [PMID: 35759449 PMCID: PMC9236240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines mediate T-helper (TH) responses that are crucial for determining the course of infection and disease. The expression of cytokines is regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Here we present the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine and TF genes in a Zimbabwean population, and further relate SNPs to susceptibility to schistosomiasis and cytokine levels. Individuals (N = 850) were genotyped for SNPs across the cytokines IL4, IL10, IL13, IL33, and IFNG, and their TFs STAT4, STAT5A/B, STAT6, GATA3, FOXP3, and TBX21 to determine allele frequencies. Circulatory levels of systemic and parasite-specific IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IFNγ were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Schistosoma haematobium infection was determined by enumerating parasite eggs excreted in urine by microscopy. SNP allele frequencies were related to infection status by case-control analysis and logistic regression, and egg burdens and systemic and parasite-specific cytokine levels by analysis of variance and linear regression. Novel findings were i) IL4 rs2070874*T’s association with protection from schistosomiasis, as carriage of ≥1 allele gave an odds ratio of infection of 0.597 (95% CIs, 0.421–0.848, p = 0.0021) and IFNG rs2069727*G’s association with susceptibility to schistosomiasis as carriage of ≥1 allele gave an odds ratio of infection of 1.692 (1.229–2.33, p = 0.0013). Neither IL4 rs2070874*T nor IFNG rs2069727*G were significantly associated with cytokine levels. This study found TH2-upregulating SNPs were more frequent among the Zimbabwean sample compared to African and European populations, highlighting the value of immunogenetic studies of African populations in the context of infectious diseases and other conditions, including allergic and atopic disease. In addition, the identification of novel infection-associated alleles in both TH1- and TH2-associated genes highlights the role of both in regulating and controlling responses to Schistosoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Hanton
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA), University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Fiona Scott
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA), University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Stenzel
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Nausch
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Zdesenko
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA), University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA), University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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6
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Fernandez-Ruiz R, Niewold TB. Type I Interferons in Autoimmunity. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:793-803. [PMID: 35016780 PMCID: PMC8860872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated IFN-1 responses play crucial roles in the development of multiple forms of autoimmunity. Many patients with lupus, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, and dermatomyositis demonstrate enhanced IFN-1 signaling. IFN-1 excess is associated with disease severity and autoantibodies and could potentially predict response to newer therapies targeting IFN-1 pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of the signaling pathway and immune functions of IFN-1s in health and disease. We also review the systemic autoimmune diseases classically associated with IFN-1 upregulation and current therapeutic strategies targeting the IFN-1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Judith & Stewart Colton Center for Autoimmunity, Department of Medicine Research, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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7
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Wang C, Gao N, Yang L, Guo Y, Fang Y, Wang T, Xu C, Li GF, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Wen Q, Qiao H. Stat4 rs7574865 polymorphism promotes the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the Stat4/CYP2E1/FGL2 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 35136014 PMCID: PMC8826371 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although there are many studies on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the incidence of diseases, mechanisms are rarely known. We report the mechanism by which signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (stat4) rs7574865 promotes the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that the GG genotype at stat4 rs7574865 was a risk genotype, and STAT4 levels in serum and peritumoral tissue from HCC patients with the GG genotype were significantly higher than those found in TT or TG carriers. Furthermore, HCC patients with the GG genotype or elevated STAT4 levels had poor prognoses. In vitro experiments demonstrated that STAT4 silencing promoted apoptosis and inhibited the invasion and migration of HepG2 and L02 cells. Proteomic analysis of HCC peritumors identified 273 proteins related to STAT4, of which CYP2E1 activity and FGL2 content exhibited the highest positive correlation. The relationship between CYP2E1 and FGL2 was also confirmed in cyp2e1−/− mice and in CYP2E1 inhibitor-treated mice. In conclusion, this study elucidates the mechanism by which the stat4 rs7574865 polymorphism promotes the occurrence and progression of HCC via the Stat4/CYP2E1/FGL2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lukui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gui Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hailing Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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8
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Immunogenetics of Lupus Erythematosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:213-257. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Papadopoulos VE, Skarlis C, Evangelopoulos ME, Mavragani CP. Type I interferon detection in autoimmune diseases: challenges and clinical applications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:883-903. [PMID: 34096436 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1939686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating data highlights that the dysregulation of type I interferon (IFN) pathways plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Advances in understanding the role of type I IFNs in these disorders can lead to targeted drug development as well as establishing potential disease biomarkers. AREAS COVERED Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of type I IFNs in the major systemic, as well as organ-specific, autoimmune disorders, including prominent inflammatory CNS disorders like multiple sclerosis. EXPERT OPINION Type I IFN involvement and its clinical associations in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases represents a promising area for research aiming to unveil common pathogenetic pathways in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis E Papadopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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10
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Lee YH, Song GG. Association Between Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 4 rs7574865 Polymorphism and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2020.27.4.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Chairta P, Psarelis S, Michailidou K, Demetriou C, Symeonidou S, Nicolaou P, Christodoulou K. Genetic Susceptibility to Systemic Sclerosis in the Greek-Cypriot Population: A Pilot Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:309-317. [PMID: 32315557 PMCID: PMC7232649 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma, is an autoimmune rheumatic disease, which is clinically subdivided into two major subgroups; limited (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous scleroderma (dcSSc). Even though the SSc etiologies remains unclear, some HLA and non-HLA genetic variants have been associated with the disease. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the associations between several HLA-related genetic variants and SSc in the Greek-Cypriot population. Methods: Forty-one SSc patients and 164 controls were genotyped at 18 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, Sanger sequencing, and a multiplex SNaPshot minisequencing assay. Logistic regression analysis under the log-additive model was used to evaluate all possible associations between these SNPs and SSc; nominal statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.05. Results: Associations of SSc with SNPs rs3117230, rs3128930, and rs3128965 within the HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DPB2 regions were observed in the Greek-Cypriot population at the level of p < 0.05. However, none of these associations survived a Bonferroni correction. The direction of the effect is consistent with the direction reported in previous studies. In addition, allele frequencies of the majority of the selected SNPs in the Greek-Cypriot population are similar to those reported in the European population. Conclusion: This study initiates the genetic investigation of SSc in the Greek-Cypriot population, a relatively small newly investigated population. Further investigation with a larger sample size and/or additional SSc susceptibility loci may confirm the association of some of these variants with SSc in the Greek-Cypriot population that could potentially be used for predictive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Chairta
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Savvas Psarelis
- Rheumatology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Sofia Symeonidou
- Rheumatology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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12
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Conrad K, Shoenfeld Y, Fritzler MJ. Precision health: A pragmatic approach to understanding and addressing key factors in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102508. [PMID: 32173518 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a significant paradigm shift in the clinical approach to autoimmune diseases, lead primarily by initiatives in precision medicine, precision health and precision public health initiatives. An understanding and pragmatic implementation of these approaches require an understanding of the drivers, gaps and limitations of precision medicine. Gaining the trust of the public and patients is paramount but understanding that technologies such as artificial intelligences and machine learning still require context that can only be provided by human input or what is called augmented machine learning. The role of genomics, the microbiome and proteomics, such as autoantibody testing, requires continuing refinement through research and pragmatic approaches to their use in applied precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Investigations of cellular immunity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:92-96. [PMID: 31114442 PMCID: PMC6526591 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.83615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The following was emphasised in an informative, educational issued on the American College of Rheumatology website in April 2017: “About one child in every 1000 develops some type of chronic arthritis. These disorders can affect children at any age, although rarely in the first six months of life. It is estimated that around 300,000 children in the United States have been diagnosed with the condition”. Therefore, knowledge of immunological investigations in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is important for finding new treatment pathways. Our aim was to assess the immunological investigations and immune system implications in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We will discuss: a) the specifically targeted proteins – the citrullinated peptide antibodies; b) non-specifically targeted proteins – heat-shock proteins (anti-HSP60, -65, and -70 antibodies), CLEC16A, inflammasomes, and phagocyte-derived S100; c) interleukins – IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-18; d) innate immunity – macrophage activation syndrome, natural killer cells, complement activity, and immune complexes; and e) therapeutic targets – monoclonal antibodies, JAK inhibitors, and intravenous immune globulin.
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Mok CC. The Jakinibs in systemic lupus erythematosus: progress and prospects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:85-92. [PMID: 30462559 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1551358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Gao Y, Li S, Zhang Z, Yu X, Zheng J. The Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of RA, SLE, and SS. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:193. [PMID: 30018955 PMCID: PMC6038710 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid diseases are a group of systemic autoimmune diseases which affect multiple organs with largely unknown etiology. In the past decade, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of biological processes and contribute deeply to immune cell development and immune responses. Substantial evidences have been accumulated showing that LncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of the rheumatoid diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In this review, we summarize literature combined with bioinformatics methods to analyze the unique and common lncRNAs patterns in rheumatoid diseases and try to reveal the important function of lncRNAs in RA, SLE and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Members of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Junfeng Zheng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, XinXiang, China
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Zhang L, Gao C, Liu C, Chen J, Xu K. Association between STAT4 polymorphisms and risk of primary biliary cholangitis: a meta-analysis. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:1101-1109. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Ebrahimiyan H, Rezaei R, Mostafaei S, Aslani S, Goulielmos GN, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Association study between STAT4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Aslani S, Mahmoudi M, Salmaninejad A, Poursani S, Ziaee V, Rezaei N. Lack of Association between STAT4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Iranian Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2017; 36:177-183. [PMID: 28524764 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2016.1253809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease in children. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene are suspected to have association with the risk of autoimmune diseases. Previous investigations have indicated that the STAT4 rs7574865 T allele was significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of STAT4 SNPs with JRA in Iranian population. T allele of STAT4 rs7574865 SNP was less frequent in patients than in controls, and the difference was not significant (p = 0.19, OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.44 -1.17). In addition, G allele of this SNP was frequent but not significant in JRA patients (p = 0.19, OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.85-2.25). Neither alleles nor genotypes of rs7601754 SNP of STAT4 gene demonstrated associations with JRA. We recognize that gene variants of STAT4 did not affect JRA susceptibility in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Aslani
- a Rheumatology Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- a Rheumatology Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- a Rheumatology Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Student Research Committee, Medical Genetics Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Shiva Poursani
- a Rheumatology Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vahid Ziaee
- d Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group , Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,e Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Pediatrics Center of Excellence , Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- b Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,f Research Center for Immunodeficiencies , Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,g Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA) , Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Sheffield , UK
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Song X, Lin Q. Genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to elucidate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1257-1265. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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The status of pulmonary fibrosis in systemic sclerosis is associated with IRF5, STAT4, IRAK1, and CTGF polymorphisms. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1303-1310. [PMID: 28434122 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is one of the leading causes of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Although all SSc patients are characterized by autoimmunity, only part of them suffer from PF, suggesting that beside autoimmunity, some additional factors are involved in the initiation of PF in SSc. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the status of PF in SSc. We performed that an exhaustive search of the PubMed database was performed to identify eligible studies. Then, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed by comparing PF+-SSc and PF--SSc patients to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the status of PF in SSc. Among eight SSc-associated susceptibility polymorphisms which were applied for meta-analysis, IRF5 rs2004640 polymorphism (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.22, P = 1.39 × 10-2), STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07-1.47, P = 5.3 × 10-3), IRAK1 rs1059702 polymorphism (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05-1.37, P = 0.007), and CTGF G-945C polymorphism (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.18-1.71, P = 0.002) are associated with PF status in SSc, while TNFAIP3 rs5029939, CD226 rs763361, CD247 rs2056626, and IRF5 rs10488631 polymorphisms are not. Since IRF5, STAT4, and IRAK1 are important regulatory factors in the control of innate immune responses and CTGF is involved in the synthesis of extracellular matrix, these results suggest a role of the innate immunity and matrix compounds in the pathogenesis of PF in SSc.
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Polymorphisms of IL12RB2 May Affect the Natural History of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Single Centre Study. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:2185083. [PMID: 28299343 PMCID: PMC5337364 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2185083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Recent GWAS in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) showed strong associations with SNPs located within interleukin-12 receptor (IL12R) beta-2 (IL12RB2) gene. Aims. We assessed whether genetic variation of IL12RB2 is associated with laboratory and clinical features of PBC. Methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from 306 patients with PBC and 258 age/gender-matched controls. PBC-specific anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) were tested in all subjects by ELISA. Two SNPs, rs3790567 and rs6679356, of IL12RB2 were genotyped using the MGB-TaqMan SNP assay. Results. Despite comparable age at diagnosis of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic PBC patients, allele A of rs3790567 and allele C of rs6679356 were overrepresented in the former rather than the latter group (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.002, resp.). The risk of cirrhosis at presentation increased when allele A and allele C coexisted. AMA-M2 titres were significantly higher in AA homozygotes of rs3790567 compared to GG homozygotes (132 ± 54 versus 103 ± 62, p = 0.02) and in rs6679356 when C allele was present (p = 0.038). There were no other significant associations between IL12RB2 polymorphisms and laboratory or clinical features. Conclusion. In this first study analyzing phenotypic features of PBC carriers of the IL12RB2 polymorphisms, we found that carriers are more frequently cirrhotic at diagnosis and have significantly higher titres of AMA.
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Wun CM, Piao Z, Hong KT, Choi JY, Hong CR, Park JD, Park KD, Shin HY, Kang HJ. Effect of donor STAT4 polymorphism rs7574865 on clinical outcomes of pediatric acute leukemia patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:62-69. [PMID: 27960128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
STAT4 polymorphism, rs7574865 is linked to various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Its T minor allele is associated with higher STAT4 mRNA and protein expression, indicating a stronger skewed immune response than the norm. Although widely studied in autoimmune disease patients and the general population, its effect on immunocompromised subjects is still unknown. Especially in situations, i.e. post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT), where control of the immune response is crucial. Hence, this study investigates if the presence of the T minor allele in donors would affect immunological response and clinical outcomes post-HSCT. Samples from 161 pediatric patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT for acute leukemia and showed complete chimerism by donor cells were obtained. Six clinical outcomes were investigated; hepatic veno-occlusive disease, acute graft-vs-host disease, chronic graft-vs-host disease, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, relapse and overall survival. The TT genotype was found to be significant in the occurrence of CMV infection (P=0.049), showing higher incidence of CMV infection compared to the others. Multivariate analysis confirmed that association of the TT genotype is independent from other variables in CMV infection occurrence (P=0.010). This is the first study on STAT4 polymorphism rs7574865 in allogeneic HSCT as well as immunocompromised patients. As the TT genotype is associated with autoimmune diseases, our results seem at a paradox with current evidence hinting at a different role of STAT4 in normal circumstances versus immunocompromised patients. Further investigation is needed to elicit the reason behind this and discover novel applications for better post-transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Mun Wun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe Piao
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ry Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Dong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Duk Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rupasree Y, Naushad SM, Varshaa R, Mahalakshmi GS, Kumaraswami K, Rajasekhar L, Kutala VK. Application of Various Statistical Models to Explore Gene-Gene Interactions in Folate, Xenobiotic, Toll-Like Receptor and STAT4 Pathways that Modulate Susceptibility to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:83-95. [PMID: 26689915 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-015-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In view of our previous studies showing an independent association of genetic polymorphisms in folate, xenobiotic, and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways with the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we have developed three statistical models to delineate complex gene-gene interactions between folate, xenobiotic, TLR, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) signaling pathways in association with the molecular pathophysiology of SLE. METHODS We developed additive, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models. RESULTS The additive model, although the simplest, suggested a moderate predictability of 30 polymorphisms of these four pathways (area under the curve [AUC] 0.66). MDR analysis revealed significant gene-gene interactions among glutathione-S-transferase (GST)T1 and STAT4 (rs3821236 and rs7574865) polymorphisms, which account for moderate predictability of SLE. The MDR model for specific auto-antibodies revealed the importance of gene-gene interactions among cytochrome P450, family1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) m1, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) H108L, solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1 (SLC19A1) G80A, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), TLR5, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR), thymidylate synthase (TYMS). and STAT4 polymorphisms. The ANN model for disease prediction showed reasonably good predictability of SLE risk with 30 polymorphisms (AUC 0.76). These polymorphisms contribute towards the production of SSB and anti-dsDNA antibodies to the extent of 48 and 40%, respectively, while their contribution for the production of antiRNP, SSA, and anti-cardiolipin antibodies varies between 20 and 30%. CONCLUSION The current study highlighted the importance of genetic polymorphisms in folate, xenobiotic, TLR, and STAT4 signaling pathways as moderate predictors of SLE risk and delineates the molecular pathophysiology associated with these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by demonstrating their association with specific auto-antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedluri Rupasree
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500082, India
| | - Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Ravi Varshaa
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | | | - Konda Kumaraswami
- Department of Rheumatology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082, India
| | - Liza Rajasekhar
- Department of Rheumatology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Kutala
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500082, India.
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Ciccacci C, Conigliaro P, Perricone C, Rufini S, Triggianese P, Politi C, Novelli G, Perricone R, Borgiani P. Polymorphisms in STAT-4, IL-10, PSORS1C1, PTPN2 and MIR146A genes are associated differently with prognostic factors in Italian patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:157-163. [PMID: 27342690 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease resulting in chronic inflammation of the synovium and consequent cartilage and bone erosion. RA is associated strongly with the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF), and consists of clinical subsets of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive and -negative patients. This study was designed to evaluate whether relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA and other autoimmune disorders are related to RF, ACPA and clinical phenotype in a cohort of biologic drugs naive Italian RA patients; 192 RA patients and 278 age-matched healthy controls were included. Clinical and laboratory data were registered. We analysed a total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT-4), interleukin (IL)-10, psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (PSORS1C1), protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated 3 interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) and microRNA 146a (MIR146A) genes by allelic discrimination assays. Case-control association studies and genotype/phenotype correlation analyses were performed. A higher risk to develop RA was observed for rs7574865 in the STAT-4 gene, while the rs1800872 in the IL-10 gene showed a protective effect. The presence of RF was associated significantly with rs1800872 variant in IL-10, while rs2910164 in MIR146A was protective. ACPA were associated significantly with rs7574865 in STAT-4. The SNP rs2233945 in the PSORS1C1 gene was protective regarding the presence of bone erosions, while rs2542151 in PTPN2 gene was associated with joint damage. Our results confirm that polymorphisms in STAT-4 and IL-10 genes confer susceptibility to RA. For the first time, we described that SNPs in PSORS1C1, PTPN2 and MIR146A genes were associated differently with a severe disease phenotype in terms of autoantibody status and radiographic damage in an Italian RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, Rome, Italy
| | - P Conigliaro
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of 'Medicina Dei Sistemi', University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - C Perricone
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento Di Medicina Interna E Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Rufini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, Rome, Italy
| | - P Triggianese
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of 'Medicina Dei Sistemi', University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - C Politi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, Rome, Italy
| | - G Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, Rome, Italy
| | - R Perricone
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of 'Medicina Dei Sistemi', University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - P Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, Rome, Italy
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Long H, Yin H, Wang L, Gershwin ME, Lu Q. The critical role of epigenetics in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 74:118-138. [PMID: 27396525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the major disappointments in human autoimmunity has been the relative failure on genome-wide association studies to provide "smoking genetic guns" that would explain the critical role of genetic susceptibility to loss of tolerance. It is well known that autoimmunity refers to the abnormal state that the dysregulated immune system attacks the healthy cells and tissues due to the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Its clinical outcomes are generally characterized by the presence of autoreactive immune cells and (or) the development of autoantibodies, leading to various types of autoimmune disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases are highly complex. Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as nutrition, infection, and chemicals are implicated in the pathogenic process of autoimmunity, however, how much and by what mechanisms each of these factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity remain unclear. Epigenetics, which refers to potentially heritable changes in gene expression and function that do not involve alterations of the DNA sequence, has provided us with a brand new key to answer these questions. In the recent decades, increasing evidence have demonstrated the roles of epigenetic dysregulation, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which have shed light on a new era for autoimmunity research. Notably, DNA hypomethylation and reactivation of the inactive X chromosome are two epigenetic hallmarks of SLE. We will herein discuss briefly how genetic studies fail to completely elucidate the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and present a comprehensive review on landmark epigenetic findings in autoimmune diseases, taking SLE as an extensively studied example. The epigenetics of other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis and primary biliary cirrhosis will also be summarized. Importantly we emphasize that the stochastic processes that lead to DNA modification may be the lynch pins that drive the initial break in tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China.
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Zamani MR, Salmaninejad A, Akbari Asbagh F, Masoud A, Rezaei N. STAT4 single nucleotide gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to endometriosis-related infertility. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 203:20-4. [PMID: 27235632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometriosis is a multifactorial benign gynecologic disorder, characterized by the ectopic growth of misplaced endometrial cells with complex genetic inheritance and changing of some immune based factors and also shares some autoimmune characteristics. However, it is not clear yet that how and when these immunological factors affect the initiation or progression of the disease. It has been shown that STAT4 is a predisposing gene in the development of some autoimmune diseases. METHOD The study group comprised 114 patients with endometriosis and 92 sex-, age-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls of Iranian ancestry. Four SNPs (rs7574865, rs7601754, rs7582694 and rs11889341) were genotyped using the MGB TaqMan. RESULTS A significant association in rs7582694 between C allele (P=0.002, OR=1.986, 95% CI: 1.262-3.126) and endometriosis was found in our study, while the G allele (P=0.002, OR=0.0503, 95% CI: 0.319-0.792) was significantly decreased in the patients population. The GC genotype (P=0.004, OR=2.234, 95% CI: 1.301-4.150) was also significantly overrepresented in the patients with endometriosis, while the frequency of GG genotype was significantly lower in the patient group, compared to the controls (P=0.007, OR=0.457, 95% CI: 0.256-0.813). CONCLUSIONS Our results for the first time showed a significant association between rs7582694 alleles and genotypes and susceptibility to endometriosis in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Autoimmunity and Malignancy (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Autoimmunity and Malignancy (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Akbari Asbagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Masoud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Autoimmunity and Malignancy (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Beltrán Ramírez O, Mendoza Rincón JF, Barbosa Cobos RE, Alemán Ávila I, Ramírez Bello J. STAT4 confers risk for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Mexican patients. Immunol Lett 2016; 175:40-3. [PMID: 27178308 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STAT4 has been consistently associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to determine whether the STAT4 rs7574865G/T polymorphism confers susceptibility for RA and SLE in a sample of Mexican patients. This study included 869 individuals: 415 patients with RA, 128 patients with SLE, and 326 controls. Genotyping using TaqMan probes showed an association between the STAT4 rs7574865G/T polymorphism and RA (GG vs. TT: OR 1.99, p=0.0009; G vs. T: OR 1.42, p=0.0009) and SLE (GG vs. TT: OR 2.98, 0.0003; G vs. T: OR 1.74, p=0.0002). Gender stratification showed an association with RA (GG vs. TT: OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.3-3.1, p=0.002; G vs. T: OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.1-1.8, p=0.002) and SLE (GG vs. TT: OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.2, p=0.0002; G vs. T: OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.4, p=0.0002) in women. Thus, the STAT4 rs7574865G/T polymorphism confers risk for RA and SLE in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Beltrán Ramírez
- Research Unit in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J F Mendoza Rincón
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R E Barbosa Cobos
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I Alemán Ávila
- Research Unit in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Ramírez Bello
- Research Unit in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Alizadeh Z, Farazmand A, Akhlaghi M, Jamshidi AR, Shahlaee A, Karami J, Shamsian E, Mahmoudi M. STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism in Iranian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Association of STAT4 polymorphism with susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghodke-Puranik Y, Niewold TB. Immunogenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64:125-36. [PMID: 26324017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus has progressed rapidly in recent years. While many genetic polymorphisms have been associated with disease susceptibility, the next major step involves integrating these genetic polymorphisms into the molecular mechanisms and cellular immunology of the human disease. In this review, we summarize some recent work in this area, including the genetics of the type I IFN response in SLE, including polygenic and monogenic factors, as well as epigenetic influences. Contributions of both HLA and non-HLA polymorphisms to the complex genetics of SLE are reviewed. We also review recent reports of specific gene deficits leading to monogenic SLE-like syndromes. The molecular functions of common SLE-risk variants are reviewed in depth, including regulatory variations in promoter and enhancer elements and coding-change polymorphisms, and studies which are beginning to define the molecular and cellular functions of these polymorphisms in the immune system. We discuss epigenetic influences on lupus, with an emphasis on micro-RNA expression and binding, as well as epigenetic modifications that regulate the expression levels of various genes involved in SLE pathogenesis and the ways epigenetic marks modify SLE susceptibility genes. The work summarized in this review provides a fascinating window into the biology and molecular mechanisms of human SLE. Understanding the functional mechanisms of causal genetic variants underlying the human disease greatly facilitates our ability to translate genetic associations toward personalized care, and may identify new therapeutic targets relevant to human SLE disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Konsta OD, Le Dantec C, Charras A, Brooks WH, Arleevskaya MI, Bordron A, Renaudineau Y. An in silico Approach Reveals Associations between Genetic and Epigenetic Factors within Regulatory Elements in B Cells from Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients. Front Immunol 2015; 6:437. [PMID: 26379672 PMCID: PMC4549647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genetics have highlighted several regions and candidate genes associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a systemic autoimmune epithelitis that combines exocrine gland dysfunctions, and focal lymphocytic infiltrations. In addition to genetic factors, it is now clear that epigenetic deregulations are present during SS and restricted to specific cell type subsets, such as lymphocytes and salivary gland epithelial cells. In this study, 72 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 43 SS gene risk factors were selected from publicly available and peer reviewed literature for further in silico analysis. SS risk variant location was tested revealing a broad distribution in coding sequences (5.6%), intronic sequences (55.6%), upstream/downstream genic regions (30.5%), and intergenic regions (8.3%). Moreover, a significant enrichment of regulatory motifs (promoter, enhancer, insulator, DNAse peak, and expression quantitative trait loci) characterizes SS risk variants (94.4%). Next, screening SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 ≥ 0.8 in Caucasians) revealed 645 new variants including 5 SNPs with missense mutations, and indicated an enrichment of transcriptionally active motifs according to the cell type (B cells > monocytes > T cells ≫ A549). Finally, we looked at SS risk variants for histone markers in B cells (GM12878), monocytes (CD14+) and epithelial cells (A548). Active histone markers were associated with SS risk variants at both promoters and enhancers in B cells, and within enhancers in monocytes. In conclusion and based on the obtained in silico results that need further confirmation, associations were observed between SS genetic risk factors and epigenetic factors and these associations predominate in B cells, such as those observed at the FAM167A–BLK locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsia D Konsta
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany , Brest , France
| | - Christelle Le Dantec
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany , Brest , France
| | - Amandine Charras
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany , Brest , France
| | - Wesley H Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA
| | | | - Anne Bordron
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany , Brest , France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany , Brest , France ; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan , Brest , France
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Elshazli R, Settin A. Association of PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis update. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1012-24. [PMID: 25963842 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a complex genetic background. The genes encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) have been reported to be associated with RA in several ethnic populations. OBJECTIVES This work aims to assess the association between PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with RA susceptibility through an updated meta-analysis of available case-control studies. METHODS A literature search of all relevant studies published from January 2007 up to December 2014 was conducted using Pubmed and Science Direct databases. The observed studies that were related to an association between PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with RA susceptibility were identified. Meta-analysis of the pooled and stratified data was done and assessed using varied genetic models. RESULTS Thirty-seven case-control studies with a total of 47 comparisons (29 for PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism and 18 for STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphism) met our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed an association between PTPN22 T allele, CT+TT and TT genotypes with RA susceptibility. Furthermore, The meta-analysis showed an association between STAT4 T allele, GT+TT and TT genotypes with RA susceptibility. Stratification of RA patients according to ethnic groups showed that PTPN22 T allele, CT+TT genotypes, STAT4 T allele and STAT4 GT+TT were significantly associated with RA in European, Asian, African subjects, while PTPN22 TT genotype was significantly associated with RA in European but not in Asian and African subjects and STAT4 TT genotype was significantly associated with RA in European and Asian but not in African subject. A subgroup analysis according to the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies revealed that the association between PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms with RA susceptibility may not be dependent on RF and anti-CCP antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that PTPN22 rs2476601 and STAT4 rs7574865 polymorphisms confers susceptibility to RA in total subjects and in major ethnic groups. The association may not be dependent on RF and anti-CCP antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Elshazli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Settin
- Genetics Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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A multilocus genetic study in a cohort of Italian SLE patients confirms the association with STAT4 gene and describes a new association with HCP5 gene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111991. [PMID: 25369137 PMCID: PMC4219822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex pathogenesis in which genes and environmental factors are involved. We aimed at analyzing previously identified loci associated with SLE or with other autoimmune and/or inflammatory disorders (STAT4, IL10, IL23R, IRAK1, PSORS1C1, HCP5, MIR146a, PTPN2, ERAP1, ATG16L1, IRGM) in a sample of Italian SLE patients in order to verify or confirm their possible involvement and relative contribution in the disease. Materials and methods Two hundred thirty-nine consecutive SLE patients and 278 matched healthy controls were enrolled. Study protocol included complete physical examination, and clinical and laboratory data collection. Nineteen polymorphisms were genotyped by allelic discrimination assays. A case-control association study and a genotype-phenotype correlation were performed. Results STAT4 was the most associated gene [P = 3×10−7, OR = 2.13 (95% CI: 1.59–2.85)]. IL10 confirmed its association with SLE [rs3024505: P = 0.02, OR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.07–2.16)]. We describe a novel significant association between HCP5 locus and SLE susceptibility [rs3099844: P = 0.01, OR = 2.06 (95% CI: 1.18–3.6)]. The genotype/phenotype correlation analysis showed several associations including a higher risk to develop pericarditis with STAT4, and an association between HCP5 rs3099844 and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Conclusions STAT4 and IL10 confirm their association with SLE. We found that some SNPs in PSORS1C1, ATG16L1, IL23R, PTPN2 and MIR146a genes can determine particular disease phenotypes. HCP5 rs3099844 is associated with SLE and with anti-Ro/SSA. This polymorphism has been previously found associated with cardiac manifestations of SLE, a condition related with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Thus, our results may provide new insights into SLE pathogenesis.
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Kochi Y, Suzuki A, Yamamoto K. Genetic basis of rheumatoid arthritis: a current review. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:254-62. [PMID: 25078624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. As with other complex traits, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have tremendously enhanced our understanding of the complex etiology of RA. In this review, we describe the genetic architecture of RA as determined through GWASs and meta-analyses. In addition, we discuss the pathologic mechanism of the disease by examining the combined findings of genetic and functional studies of individual RA-associated genes, including HLA-DRB1, PADI4, PTPN22, TNFAIP3, STAT4, and CCR6. Moreover, we briefly examine the potential use of genetic data in clinical practice in RA treatment, which represents a challenge in medical genetics in the post-GWAS era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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James JA. Clinical perspectives on lupus genetics: advances and opportunities. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2014; 40:413-32, vii. [PMID: 25034154 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, genome-wide association studies have led to an expansion in the identification of regions containing confirmed genetic risk variants within complex human diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Many of the strongest SLE genetic associations can be divided into groups based on their potential roles in different processes implicated in lupus pathogenesis, including ubiquitination, DNA degradation, innate immunity, cellular immunity, lymphocyte development, and antigen presentation. Recent advances have also shown several genetic associations with SLE subphenotypes and subcriteria. Many areas for further exploration remain to move lupus genetic studies toward clinically informative end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A James
- Oklahoma Clinical & Translational Science Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 Stanton L Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 Stanton L Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION STAT4, which acts as the major signaling transducing STATs in response to IL-12, is a central mediator in generating inflammation during protective immune responses and immune-mediated diseases. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes that STAT4 is essential for the differentiation and function of a wide variety of immune cells, including natural killer cells, mast cells, dendritic cells and T helper cells. In addition, STAT4-mediated signaling promoted the production of autoimmune-associated components, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and psoriasis. EXPERT OPINION Due to its crucial roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, STAT4 may have promise as an effective therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving STAT4, together with knowledge on the ability of current immunosuppressive treatment to target this process, may open an avenue to novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Anhui Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Anhui, PR China
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J DAS, C A, P SG, S C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Old and New Susceptibility Genes versus Clinical Manifestations. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:52-65. [PMID: 24653663 PMCID: PMC3958959 DOI: 10.2174/138920291501140306113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most relevant world-wide autoimmune disorders. The formation of autoantibodies and the deposition of antibody-containing immune complexes in blood vessels throughout the body is the main pathogenic mechanism of SLE leading to heterogeneous clinical manifestations and target tissue damage. The complexity of etiology and pathogenesis in SLE, enclosing genetic and environmental factors, apparently is one of the greatest challenges for both researchers and clinicians. Strong indications for a genetic background in SLE come from studies in families as well as in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, discovering several SLE-associated loci and genes (e.g. IRF5, PTPN22, CTLA4, STAT4 and BANK1). As SLE has a complex genetic background, none of these genes is likely to be entirely responsible for triggering autoimmune response in SLE even if they disclosure a potentially novel molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis' disease. The clinical manifestations and disease severity varies greatly among patients, thus several studies try to associate clinical heterogeneity and prognosis with specific genetic polymorphisms in SLE associated genes. The continue effort to describe new predisposing or modulating genes in SLE is justified by the limited knowledge about the pathogenesis, assorted clinical manifestation and the possible prevention strategies. In this review we describe newly discovered, as well as the most studied genes associated to SLE susceptibility, and relate them to clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Azevêdo Silva J
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Addobbati C
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sandrin-Garcia P
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Crovella S
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Abstract
Genetics unquestionably contributes to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predisposition, progression and outcome. Nevertheless, single-gene defects causing lupus-like phenotypes have been infrequently documented. The majority of the identified genetic SLE risk factors are, therefore, common variants, responsible for a small effect on the global risk. Recently, genome wide association studies led to the identification of a growing number of gene variants associated with SLE susceptibility, particular disease phenotypes, and antibody profiles. Further studies addressed the biological effects of these variants. In addition, the role of epigenetics has recently been revealed. These combined efforts contributed to a better understanding of SLE pathogenesis and to the characterization of clinically relevant pathways. In this review, we describe SLE-associated single-gene defects, common variants, and epigenetic changes. We also discuss the limitations of current methods and the challenges that we still have to face in order to incorporate genomic and epigenomic data into clinical practice.
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Ghodke-Puranik Y, Niewold TB. Genetics of the type I interferon pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 8. [PMID: 24416080 DOI: 10.2217/ijr.13.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been successful, identifying numerous risk factors for human disease. While the list is not yet complete, it is clear that important immune system pathways are represented, one of which being type I interferon (IFN). Circulating type I IFN levels are high in SLE patients and this IFN pathway activation is heritable in families with SLE. We summarize our current understanding of the genetics of the type I IFN pathway in SLE, with an emphasis on studies that demonstrate an impact of the SLE-risk alleles upon type I IFN pathway activation in SLE patients. These studies illustrate that variations in type I IFN pathway genes represent a common genetic feature of SLE. By understanding the genetic regulation of type I IFN, we may be able to intervene in a more personalized fashion, based upon the molecular dysregulation present in a given individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Ghodke-Puranik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Guggenheim Building 3-42, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Guggenheim Building 3-42, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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