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Pyo C, Harkey MA, Torok‐Storb B, Storb R, Wang R, Thomas AS, Nelson WC, Geraghty DE. Genotyping of canine MHC gene DLA-88 by next-generation sequencing reveals high frequencies of new allele discovery and gene duplication. HLA 2022; 100:479-490. [PMID: 36227705 PMCID: PMC9563979 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dogs have served as one of the most reliable preclinical models for a variety of diseases and treatments, including stem/progenitor cell transplantation. At the genetic epicenter of dog transplantation models, polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are most impactful on transplantation success. Among the canine class I and class II genes, DLA-88 has been best studied in transplantation matching and outcomes, with 129 DLA-88 alleles identified. In this study we developed and tested a next generation (NGS) sequencing protocol for rapid identification of DLA-88 genotypes in dogs and compared the workflow and data generated with an established DLA-88 Sanger sequencing protocol that has been in common prior use for clinical studies. By testing the NGS protocol on a random population of 382 dogs, it was possible to demonstrate superior efficacy based on laboratory execution and overall cost. In addition, NGS proved far more effective at discovering new alleles and detecting multiple alleles associated with gene duplication. A total of 51 new DLA-88 alleles are reported here. This rate of new allele discovery indicates that a large pool of yet un-discovered DLA-88 alleles exists in the domestic dog population. In addition, more than 46% of dogs carried three or more copies of DLA-88, further emphasizing the need for more sensitive and cost-effective DLA typing methodology for the dog clinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul‐Woo Pyo
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA,Scisco Genetics Inc.SeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael A. Harkey
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Beverly Torok‐Storb
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Rainer Storb
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA,Scisco Genetics Inc.SeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Alexander S. Thomas
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Wyatt C. Nelson
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA,Scisco Genetics Inc.SeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Daniel E. Geraghty
- Division of Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA,Scisco Genetics Inc.SeattleWashingtonUSA
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2
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Solloch UV, Schmidt AH, Sauter J. Graphical user interface for the haplotype frequency estimation software Hapl-o-Mat. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:107-112. [PMID: 34799151 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Population-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype frequencies are an essential basis of advanced algorithms for donor selection in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In 2016, we introduced Hapl-o-Mat, a versatile tool for haplotype frequency estimation based on an expectation-maximization algorithm (https://github.com/DKMS/hapl-o-Mat). Hapl-o-Mat is specifically tailored to the analysis of HLA genes and able to cope with the heterogeneous genotyping data usually found in donor registries. To make Hapl-o-Mat accessible to a wider range of users, we designed a graphical user interface module that considerably facilitates the interaction with the application (https://github.com/DKMS/hapl-o-Mat_GUI). We further provide a precompiled version of Hapl-o-Mat that can be used on Windows personal computers without dependency on additional software libraries (https://github.com/DKMS/hapl-o-Mat_WinBin). We are confident that these new, user-oriented features will encourage more researchers to apply Hapl-o-Mat to their data, thereby increasing knowledge and public availability of population-specific HLA haplotype frequencies.
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3
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Creary LE, Sacchi N, Mazzocco M, Morris GP, Montero-Martin G, Chong W, Brown CJ, Dinou A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Gorodezky C, Narayan S, Periathiruvadi S, Thomas R, De Santis D, Pepperall J, ElGhazali GE, Al Yafei Z, Askar M, Tyagi S, Kanga U, Marino SR, Planelles D, Chang CJ, Fernández-Viña MA. High-resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in several unrelated populations determined by next generation sequencing: 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop joint report. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:505-522. [PMID: 34030896 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of the unrelated population HLA diversity (UPHD) component of the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop was to characterize HLA alleles at maximum allelic-resolution in worldwide populations and re-evaluate patterns of HLA diversity across populations. The UPHD project included HLA genotype and sequence data, generated by various next-generation sequencing methods, from 4,240 individuals collated from 12 different countries. Population data included well-defined large datasets from the USA and smaller samples from Europe, Australia, and Western Asia. Allele and haplotype frequencies varied across populations from distant geographical regions. HLA genetic diversity estimated at 2- and 4-field allelic resolution revealed that diversity at the majority of loci, particularly for European-descent populations, was lower at the 2-field resolution. Several common alleles with identical protein sequences differing only by intronic substitutions were found in distinct haplotypes, revealing a more detailed characterization of linkage between variants within the HLA region. The examination of coding and non-coding nucleotide variation revealed many examples in which almost complete biunivocal relations between common alleles at different loci were observed resulting in higher linkage disequilibrium. Our reference data of HLA profiles characterized at maximum resolution from many populations is useful for anthropological studies, unrelated donor searches, transplantation, and disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Creary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto CA, USA.
| | - Nicoletta Sacchi
- Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry Tissue Typing Laboratory, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Mazzocco
- Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry Tissue Typing Laboratory, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Gerald P Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Montero-Martin
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto CA, USA
| | - Winnie Chong
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Service Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - Colin J Brown
- Department of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, University of London, England, UK
| | - Amalia Dinou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Clara Gorodezky
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Fundación Comparte Vida, A.C. Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rasmi Thomas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Pepperall
- Welsh Transplant and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Welsh Blood Service, Pontyclun, United Kingdom
| | - Gehad E ElGhazali
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City-Union 71, Abu Dhabi and the Department of Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zain Al Yafei
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City-Union 71, Abu Dhabi and the Department of Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Medhat Askar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor University Medical center, Dallas, USA
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kanga
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Susana R Marino
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dolores Planelles
- Histocompatibility, Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain; Grupo Español de Trabajo en Histocompatibilidad e Inmunología del Trasplante (GETHIT), Spanish Society for Immunology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcelo A Fernández-Viña
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto CA, USA.
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4
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Kong D, Lee N, Dela Cruz ID, Dames C, Maruthamuthu S, Golden T, Rajalingam R. Concurrent typing of over 4000 samples by long-range PCR amplicon-based NGS and rSSO revealed the need to verify NGS typing for HLA allelic dropouts. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:581-587. [PMID: 33980471 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from HLA-matched donors significantly decreases the risks of graft-rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Long-range PCR- amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly used as a standalone method in clinical laboratories to determine HLA compatibility for HSCT and solid-organ transplantation. We hypothesized that an allelic dropout is a frequent event in the long-range PCR amplicon-based NGS HLA typing method. To test the hypothesis, we typed 4,006 samples concurrently using a commercially available long-range PCR amplicon-based NGS-typing and short exon-specific amplicon-based reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide (rSSO) methods. The concordance between the NGS and rSSO typing results was 100% at HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB5, -DQA1, DPA1 loci. However, 4.5% of the samples (179/4006) showed allelic-dropouts at one of the other three loci: HLA-DRB4 (3.9%), HLA-DPB1 (0.4%), and HLA-DQB1*(0.15%). The allelic-dropouts are not associated with specific haplotypes, and some dropouts can be reagent lot-specific. Although DRB1-DRB3/4/5-DQB1 linkages help to diagnose these allelic-dropouts in some cases, the rSSO typing was crucial to identify the dropouts in DQB1 and DPB1 loci. These results uncover the critical limitations of using long-range PCR amplicon-based NGS as a standalone method in clinical histocompatibility laboratories and advocate the need for strategies to diagnose and resolve allelic-dropouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denice Kong
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Lee
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Imma Donna Dela Cruz
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charlyn Dames
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stalinraja Maruthamuthu
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd Golden
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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The HLA System in Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation. Transfus Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119599586.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Yamamoto F, Suzuki S, Mizutani A, Shigenari A, Ito S, Kametani Y, Kato S, Fernandez-Viña M, Murata M, Morishima S, Morishima Y, Tanaka M, Kulski JK, Bahram S, Shiina T. Capturing Differential Allele-Level Expression and Genotypes of All Classical HLA Loci and Haplotypes by a New Capture RNA-Seq Method. Front Immunol 2020; 11:941. [PMID: 32547543 PMCID: PMC7272581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly polymorphic human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) encodes class I and II genes that are the cornerstone of the adaptive immune system. Their unique diversity (>25,000 alleles) might affect the outcome of any transplant, infection, and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. The recent rapid development of new next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods provides the opportunity to study the influence/correlation of this high level of HLA diversity on allele expression levels in health and disease. Here, we describe the NGS capture RNA-Seq method that we developed for genotyping all 12 classical HLA loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, and HLA-DRB5) and assessing their allelic imbalance by quantifying their allele RNA levels. This is a target enrichment method where total RNA is converted to a sequencing-ready complementary DNA (cDNA) library and hybridized to a complex pool of RNA-specific HLA biotinylated oligonucleotide capture probes, prior to NGS. This method was applied to 161 peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 48 umbilical cord blood cells of healthy donors. The differential allelic expression of 10 HLA loci (except for HLA-DRA and HLA-DPA1) showed strong significant differences (P < 2.1 × 10-15). The results were corroborated by independent methods. This newly developed NGS method could be applied to a wide range of biological and medical questions including graft rejections and HLA-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizutani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shigenari
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kato
- Division of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Marcelo Fernandez-Viña
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Makoto Murata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yasuo Morishima
- Department of Promotion for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Jerzy K Kulski
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Medical School, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Laboratoire International Associé INSERM FJ-HLA-Japan, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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7
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Liu C. A long road/read to rapid high-resolution HLA typing: The nanopore perspective. Hum Immunol 2020; 82:488-495. [PMID: 32386782 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely adopted for clinical HLA typing and advanced immunogenetics researches. Current methodologies still face challenges in resolving cis-trans ambiguity involving distant variant positions, and the turnaround time is affected by testing volume and batching. Nanopore sequencing may become a promising addition to the existing options for HLA typing. The technology delivered by the MinION sequencer of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) can record the ionic current changes during the translocation of DNA/RNA strands through transmembrane pores and translate the signals to sequence reads. It features simple and flexible library preparations, long sequencing reads, portable and affordable sequencing devices, and rapid, real-time sequencing. However, the error rate of the sequencing reads is high and remains a hurdle for its broad application. This review article will provide a brief overview of this technology and then focus on the opportunities and challenges of using nanopore sequencing for high-resolution HLA typing and immunogenetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63105, United States.
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8
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Liu C, Duffy BF, Weimer ET, Montgomery MC, Jennemann JE, Hill R, Phelan D, Lay L, Parikh BA. Performance of a multiplexed amplicon-based next-generation sequencing assay for HLA typing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232050. [PMID: 32324777 PMCID: PMC7179861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled efficient high-resolution typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes with minimal ambiguity. Most commercially available assays amplify individual or subgroup of HLA genes by long-range PCR followed by library preparation and sequencing. The AllType assay simplifies the workflow by amplifying 11 transplant-relevant HLA genes in one PCR reaction. Here, we report the performance of this unique workflow evaluated using 218 genetically diverse samples. METHODS Five whole genes (HLA-A/B/C/DQA1/DPA1) and six near-whole genes (HLA-DRB1/DRB345/DQB1/DPB1; excluding exon 1 and part of intron 1) were amplified in a multiplexed, long-range PCR. Manual library preparation was performed per manufacturer's protocol, followed by template preparation and chip loading on the Ion Chef, and sequencing on the Ion S5 sequencer. Pre-specified rules for quality control and repeat testing were followed; technologists were blinded to the reference results. The concordance between AllType and reference results was determined at 2-field resolution. We also describe the ranges of input DNA and library concentrations, read number per sample and per locus, and key health metrics in relation to typing results. RESULTS The concordance rates were 98.6%, 99.8% and 99.9% at the sample (n = 218), genotype (n = 1688), and allele (n = 3376) levels, respectively. Three genotypes were discordant, all of which shared the same G group typing results with the reference. Most ambiguous genotypes (116 out of 144, 80.6%) were due to the lack of exon 1 and intron 1 coverage for HLA-DRB1/DRB345/DQB1/DPB1 genes. A broad range of input DNA concentrations and library concentrations were tolerated. Per sample read numbers were adequate for accurate genotyping. Per locus read numbers showed some inter-lot variations, and a trend toward improved inter-locus balance was observed with later lots of reagents. CONCLUSION The AllType assay on the Ion Chef/Ion S5 platform offers a robust and efficient workflow for clinical HLA typing at the 2-field resolution. The multiplex PCR strategy simplifies the laboratory procedure without compromising the typing accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brian F. Duffy
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eric T. Weimer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, McLendon Clinical Laboratories, UNC Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maureen C. Montgomery
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, McLendon Clinical Laboratories, UNC Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jo-Ellen Jennemann
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hill
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Donna Phelan
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Lay
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bijal A. Parikh
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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9
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Fabreti-Oliveira RA, Oliveira CKF, Vale EMG, Nascimento E. Next-generation sequencing of HLA: validation and identification of new polymorphisms in a Brazilian population. HLA 2020; 96:13-23. [PMID: 32222028 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is the most modern sequencing technique that has revolutionized HLA typing, providing high-resolution results with low ambiguity rates. This study aimed to show the experiences and challenges of an HLA laboratory in the validation process of the NGS methodology for HLA typing and show the use of this method for the study of HLA genetic diversity. METHODS We used 115 samples that comprised a comprehensive testing panel for validation of the NGS methodology using the AllType kit (One Lambda, Canoga Park, California) on the Ion Torrent S5 NGS platform. All quality metrics were analyzed. During validation, two new HLA sequences were identified and named by the HLA Nomenclature Committee. RESULTS A total of 1380 alleles from the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, and -DPB1 loci were examined by NGS. This validation panel provided a wide range of HLA sequence variations, including non-CWD HLA alleles, new variants, and homozygous alleles. The concordance rate with Sanger sequencing-based typing was 100.0% for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, and 99.93% for HLA-DPB1. The newly identified HLA alleles were HLA-B*14:69N and HLA-DQB1*02:145. CONCLUSION We have successfully validated NGS HLA typing despite numerous challenges, contributing to the identification of novel alleles that impact on HLA matching and antibody evaluation in organ and tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Fabreti-Oliveira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,IMUNOLAB-Histocompatibility Laboratory, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane M G Vale
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,IMUNOLAB-Histocompatibility Laboratory, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Nascimento
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,IMUNOLAB-Histocompatibility Laboratory, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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10
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A new set of reagents and related software used for NGS based classical and non-classical HLA typing showing evidence for a greater HLA haplotype diversity. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:202-205. [PMID: 32122686 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the HLA typing performance of a new Long-Range PCR NGS set of reagents and its dedicated software, a panel of 41 reference homozygous cell lines from the International Histocompatibility Working Group (IHWG) and a panel of 376 volunteer bone marrow donors were analyzed for classical and non-classical HLA class I and class II genes. All results, except HLA-DPB1, were obtained without any ambiguities at the 3rd field level. Based on the high resolution performance of the reagents, a number of new alleles have been described not only for classical but also for non-classical HLA class I genes, leading to a more accurate haplotype definition. Linkage disequilibrium between HLA-A and HLA-G genes has been defined at 4th field level of resolution. Moreover, for the first time, HLA-DQA2 and DQB2 polymorphisms and their linkage disequilibrium with DQB1 were described.
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11
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Smith AG, Pereira S, Jaramillo A, Stoll ST, Khan FM, Berka N, Mostafa AA, Pando MJ, Usenko CY, Bettinotti MP, Pyo CW, Nelson WC, Willis A, Askar M, Geraghty DE. Comparison of sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe vs next generation sequencing for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/B4/B5, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1, and DPB1 typing: Toward single-pass high-resolution HLA typing in support of solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant programs. HLA 2019; 94:296-306. [PMID: 31237117 PMCID: PMC6772026 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical laboratories supporting solid organ transplant programs use multiple HLA genotyping technologies, depending on individual laboratory needs. Sequence‐specific primers and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) serve the rapid turnaround necessary for deceased donor workup, while sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) technology is widely employed for higher volumes. When clinical need mandates high‐resolution data, Sanger sequencing‐based typing (SBT) has been the “gold standard.” However, all those methods commonly yield ambiguous typing results that utilize valuable laboratory resources when resolution is required. In solid organ transplantation, high‐resolution typing may provide critical information for highly sensitized patients with donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA), particularly when DSA involve HLA alleles not discriminated by SSOP typing. Arguments against routine use of SBT include assay complexity, long turnaround times (TAT), and increased costs. Here, we compare a next generation sequencing (NGS) technology with SSOP for accuracy, effort, turnaround time, and level of resolution for genotyping of 11 HLA loci among 289 specimens from five clinical laboratories. Results were concordant except for SSOP misassignments in eight specimens and 21 novel sequences uniquely identified by NGS. With few exceptions, SSOP generated ambiguous results while NGS provided unambiguous three‐field allele assignments. For complete HLA genotyping of up to 24 samples by either SSOP or NGS, bench work was completed on day 1 and typing results were available on day 2. This study provides compelling evidence that, although not viable for STAT typing of deceased donors, a single‐pass NGS HLA typing method has direct application for solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anajane G Smith
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shalini Pereira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrés Jaramillo
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Scott T Stoll
- Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Faisal M Khan
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta
| | - Noureddine Berka
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta
| | - Ahmed A Mostafa
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta
| | - Marcelo J Pando
- Department of Surgery, Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Crystal Y Usenko
- Department of Surgery, Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Maria P Bettinotti
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chul-Woo Pyo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wyatt C Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Medhat Askar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Osoegawa K, Vayntrub TA, Wenda S, De Santis D, Barsakis K, Ivanova M, Hsu S, Barone J, Holdsworth R, Diviney M, Askar M, Willis A, Railton D, Laflin S, Gendzekhadze K, Oki A, Sacchi N, Mazzocco M, Andreani M, Ameen R, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Dinou A, Torres M, Dos Santos Francisco R, Serra-Pages C, Goodridge D, Balladares S, Bettinotti MP, Iglehart B, Kashi Z, Martin R, Saw CL, Ragoussis J, Downing J, Navarrete C, Chong W, Saito K, Petrek M, Tokic S, Padros K, Beatriz Rodriguez M, Zakharova V, Shragina O, Marino SR, Brown NK, Shiina T, Suzuki S, Spierings E, Zhang Q, Yin Y, Morris GP, Hernandez A, Ruiz P, Khor SS, Tokunaga K, Geretz A, Thomas R, Yamamoto F, Mallempati KC, Gangavarapu S, Kanga U, Tyagi S, Marsh SGE, Bultitude WP, Liu X, Cao D, Penning M, Hurley CK, Cesbron A, Mueller C, Mytilineos J, Weimer ET, Bengtsson M, Fischer G, Hansen JA, Chang CJ, Mack SJ, Creary LE, Fernandez-Viña MA. Quality control project of NGS HLA genotyping for the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:228-236. [PMID: 30738112 PMCID: PMC6446570 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop (IHIW) organizers conducted a Pilot Study (PS) in which 13 laboratories (15 groups) participated to assess the performance of the various sequencing library preparation protocols, NGS platforms and software in use prior to the workshop. The organizers sent 50 cell lines to each of the 15 groups, scored the 15 independently generated sets of NGS HLA genotyping data, and generated "consensus" HLA genotypes for each of the 50 cell lines. Proficiency Testing (PT) was subsequently organized using four sets of 24 cell lines, selected from 48 of 50 PS cell lines, to validate the quality of NGS HLA typing data from the 34 participating IHIW laboratories. Completion of the PT program with a minimum score of 95% concordance at the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci satisfied the requirements to submit NGS HLA typing data for the 17th IHIW projects. Together, these PS and PT efforts constituted the 17th IHIW Quality Control project. Overall PT concordance rates for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4 and HLA-DRB5 were 98.1%, 97.0% and 98.1%, 99.0%, 98.6%, 98.8%, 97.6%, 96.0%, 99.1%, 90.0% and 91.7%, respectively. Across all loci, the majority of the discordance was due to allele dropout. The high cost of NGS HLA genotyping per experiment likely prevented the retyping of initially failed HLA loci. Despite the high HLA genotype concordance rates of the software, there remains room for improvement in the assembly of more accurate consensus DNA sequences by NGS HLA genotyping software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoyo Osoegawa
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Tamara A Vayntrub
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Wenda
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Konstantinos Barsakis
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; University of Crete, Biology Department, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Hsu
- Histocompatibility/Molecular Genetics, American Red Cross, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Barone
- Histocompatibility/Molecular Genetics, American Red Cross, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Mary Diviney
- Australian Red Cross Blood Services, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Medhat Askar
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Dawn Railton
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Laflin
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Arisa Oki
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Marco Andreani
- Fondazione I.M.E. Istituto Mediterraneo Di Ematologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Reem Ameen
- Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | | - Carles Serra-Pages
- Centro de Diagonóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Brian Iglehart
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zahra Kashi
- Kashi Clinical Laboratories, Inc., Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Cristina Navarrete
- National H&I Service Development Laboratory NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - Winnie Chong
- National H&I Service Development Laboratory NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | | | - Martin Petrek
- Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stana Tokic
- Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Padros
- Primer Centro Argentino de Immunogenetica (PRICAI), Fundación Favaloro, CABA, Argentina
| | - Ma Beatriz Rodriguez
- Primer Centro Argentino de Immunogenetica (PRICAI), Fundación Favaloro, CABA, Argentina
| | - Viktoria Zakharova
- Rogachev Federal Research Centre of Pediatric Hematology,Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Shragina
- Rogachev Federal Research Centre of Pediatric Hematology,Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Shingo Suzuki
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Qiuheng Zhang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin Yin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Phillip Ruiz
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Aviva Geretz
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fumiko Yamamoto
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kalyan C Mallempati
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sridevi Gangavarapu
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Uma Kanga
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and UCL Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Will P Bultitude
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and UCL Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Bo Fu Rui (BFR) Transplant Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Dajiang Cao
- Bo Fu Rui (BFR) Transplant Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Anne Cesbron
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia Mueller
- Transplantation and Immunology, Universitat Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Eric T Weimer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, NC, USA
| | - Mats Bengtsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gottfried Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John A Hansen
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Steven J Mack
- Center for Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lisa E Creary
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo A Fernandez-Viña
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics, and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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13
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Goeury T, Creary LE, Brunet L, Galan M, Pasquier M, Kervaire B, Langaney A, Tiercy JM, Fernández-Viña MA, Nunes JM, Sanchez-Mazas A. Deciphering the fine nucleotide diversity of full HLA class I and class II genes in a well-documented population from sub-Saharan Africa. HLA 2019; 91:36-51. [PMID: 29160618 PMCID: PMC5767763 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to understand how next‐generation sequencing (NGS) improves both our assessment of genetic variation within populations and our knowledge on HLA molecular evolution, we sequenced and analysed 8 HLA loci in a well‐documented population from sub‐Saharan Africa (Mandenka). The results of full‐gene NGS‐MiSeq sequencing compared with those obtained by traditional typing techniques or limited sequencing strategies showed that segregating sites located outside exon 2 are crucial to describe not only class I but also class II population diversity. A comprehensive analysis of exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 nucleotide diversity at the 8 HLA loci revealed remarkable differences among these gene regions, notably a greater variation concentrated in the antigen recognition sites of class I exons 3 and some class II exons 2, likely associated with their peptide‐presentation function, a lower diversity of HLA‐C exon 3, possibly related to its role as a KIR ligand, and a peculiar molecular diversity of HLA‐A exon 2, revealing demographic signals. Based on full‐length HLA sequences, we also propose that the most frequent DRB1 allele in the studied population, DRB1*13:04, emerged from an allelic conversion involving 3 potential alleles as donors and DRB1*11:02:01 as recipient. Finally, our analysis revealed a high occurrence of the DRB1*13:04‐DQA1*05:05:01‐DQB1*03:19 haplotype, possibly resulting from a selective sweep due to protection to Onchorcerca volvulus, a prevalent pathogen in West Africa. This study unveils highly relevant information on the molecular evolution of HLA genes in relation to their immune function, calling for similar analyses in other populations living in contrasting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goeury
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L E Creary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - L Brunet
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Transplantation Immunology Unit and National Reference Laboratory for Histocompatibility (UIT/LNRH), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Galan
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, avenue du Campus Agropolis, Montferrier sur Lez, France
| | - M Pasquier
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Kervaire
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Transplantation Immunology Unit and National Reference Laboratory for Histocompatibility (UIT/LNRH), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Langaney
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J-M Tiercy
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Transplantation Immunology Unit and National Reference Laboratory for Histocompatibility (UIT/LNRH), Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M A Fernández-Viña
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - J M Nunes
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Sanchez-Mazas
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Roura S, Rudilla F, Gastelurrutia P, Enrich E, Campos E, Lupón J, Santiago-Vacas E, Querol S, Bayés-Genís A. Determination of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in heart failure patients. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:388-395. [PMID: 30672659 PMCID: PMC6437550 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cell therapy can be used to repair functionally impaired organs and tissues in humans. Although autologous cells have an immunological advantage, it is difficult to obtain high cell numbers for therapy. Well‐characterized banks of cells with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are representative of a given population are thus needed. The present study investigates the HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in a cohort of heart failure (HF) patients. Methods and results We carried out the HLA typing and the allele and haplotype frequency analysis in 247 ambulatory HF patients. We determined HLA class I (A, B, and C) and class II (DRB1 and DQB1) using next‐generation sequencing technology. The allele frequencies were obtained using Python for Population Genomics (PyPop) software, and HLA haplotypes were estimated using HaploStats. A total of 30 HLA‐A, 56 HLA‐B, 23 HLA‐C, 36 HLA‐DRB1, and 15 HLA‐DQB1 distinct alleles were identified within the studied cohort. The genotype frequencies of all five HLA loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. We detected differences in HLA allele frequencies among patients when the etiological cause of HF was considered. There were a total of 494 five‐loci haplotypes, five of which were present six or more times. Moreover, the most common estimated HLA haplotype was HLA‐A*01:01, HLA‐B*08:01, HLA‐C*07:01, HLA‐DRB1*03:01, and HLA‐DQB1*02:01 (6.07% haplotype frequency per patient). Remarkably, the 11 most frequent haplotypes would cover 31.17% of the patients of the cohort in need of allogeneic cell therapy. Conclusions Our findings could be useful for improving allogeneic cell administration outcomes without concomitant immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Rudilla
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain.,Transfusional Medicine Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Gastelurrutia
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Enrich
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain.,Transfusional Medicine Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Campos
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sergi Querol
- Transfusional Medicine Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Cell Therapy Unit, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Law SC, Haigh OL, Walpole CM, Keane C, Miles JJ, Gandhi MK, Radford KJ, Steptoe RJ. Simple, rapid and inexpensive typing of common HLA class I alleles for immunological studies. J Immunol Methods 2018; 465:72-76. [PMID: 30537479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current HLA-typing methods are typically designed to provide exquisitely-detailed identification of multiple HLA-alleles to satisfy the requirements for organ and bone marrow transplantation or genetic studies. Many human immunological studies, on the other hand, focus around only a small number of HLA alleles that are abundant or of relevance to specific diseases. Consequently, for such studies, many HLA typing approaches are not cost-effective and are potentially complicated, slow and not easily performed in-house. Work-flow would be streamlined by a simple, inexpensive and rapid typing method able to be performed in-house. We outline a straightforward approach that provides appropriate data for much immunological research. In a predominantly Caucasian population, flow cytometry using anti-HLA-A2, -B8 and -B7 antibodies consistently and accurately screened for samples carrying the highly-abundant HLA class I alleles HLA-A*02:01, -B*08:01 and -B*07:02 that form the focus of immunological studies. Next, we describe a straightforward and simple strategy for design and use of allele-specific PCR primers to identify, at high-resolution, alleles of interest. When combined with a simple gDNA extraction technique this provides reliable, simple and inexpensive in-house HLA typing demonstrated here for highly-abundant HLA class I alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soi Cheng Law
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oscar L Haigh
- Mater Research UQ, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carina M Walpole
- Mater Research UQ, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colm Keane
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - John J Miles
- Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine & Health, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maher K Gandhi
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research UQ, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Profaizer T, Kumánovics A. Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing by Next-Generation Sequencing. Clin Lab Med 2018; 38:565-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Very low error rates of NGS-based HLA typing at stem cell donor recruitment question the need for a standard confirmatory typing step before donor work-up. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:928-930. [PMID: 30504904 PMCID: PMC6760531 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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18
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Dukek BA, Zuccarelli MD, Wakefield LL, Kreuter JD, Gandhi MJ. HLA-B*45:22: a novel allele that differs from HLA-B*45:01:01 at several locations. HLA 2018; 93:49-50. [PMID: 30421561 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of a novel HLA-B*45:22 allele in a Middle Eastern heart and lung transplant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Dukek
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Micah D Zuccarelli
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laurie L Wakefield
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Justin D Kreuter
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manish J Gandhi
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Knauer R, Dukek BA, Kubat D, Kreuter JD, Gandhi MJ. Identifying a newly discovered HLA-C allele, HLA-C*02:138. HLA 2018; 92:253-254. [PMID: 30014581 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new allele, now named HLA-C*02:138, was discovered during testing of a registry donor for possible stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Knauer
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - B A Dukek
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - D Kubat
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J D Kreuter
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M J Gandhi
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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20
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Duellman PM, Schneider BA, Dukek BA, Wakefield LL, Gandhi MJ. Identifying a newly discovered HLA-C allele: HLA-C*07:607. HLA 2018; 92:57-58. [PMID: 29732717 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phased sequencing identified the HLA-C*07:607 allele in an African-American patient and sibling donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Duellman
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - B A Schneider
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - B A Dukek
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - L L Wakefield
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M J Gandhi
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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21
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Liu C, Yang X. Using Exome and Amplicon-Based Sequencing Data for High-Resolution HLA Typing with ATHLATES. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1802:203-213. [PMID: 29858811 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8546-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ATHLATES (accurate typing of human leukocyte antigen through exome sequencing) was originally developed to analyze whole-exome sequencing (exome-seq) data from the Illumina platform and to predict the HLA genotype at 2-field or higher resolution. HLA locus-specific reads are first collected by stringent read mapping to the IMGT/HLA database. ATHLATES then performs read assembly, candidate allele identification, and genotype inference. Here, we describe the protocol of using ATHLATES for the above purpose and expand the application to analyze targeted sequencing data using amplicons of full HLA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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22
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Petersdorf EW, Anasetti C. Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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23
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Larjo A, Eveleigh R, Kilpeläinen E, Kwan T, Pastinen T, Koskela S, Partanen J. Accuracy of Programs for the Determination of Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles from Next-Generation Sequencing Data. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1815. [PMID: 29326702 PMCID: PMC5733459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes code for proteins that play a central role in the function of the immune system by presenting peptide antigens to T cells. As HLA genes show extremely high genetic polymorphism, HLA typing at the allele level is demanding and is based on DNA sequencing. Determination of HLA alleles is warranted as HLA alleles are major genetic risk factors in autoimmune diseases and are matched in transplantation. Here, we compared the accuracy of several published HLA-typing algorithms that are based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. As genome sequencing is becoming increasingly common in research, we wanted to test how well HLA alleles can be deduced from genome data produced in studies with objectives other than HLA typing and in platforms not especially designed for HLA typing. The accuracies were assessed using datasets consisting of NGS data produced using an in-house sequencing platform, including the full 4 Mbp HLA segment, from 94 stem cell transplantation patients and exome sequences from 63 samples of the 1000 Genomes collection. In the patient dataset, none of the software gave perfect results for all the samples and genes when programs were used with the default settings. However, we found that ensemble prediction of the results or modifications of the settings could be used to improve accuracy. For the exome-only data, most of the algorithms did not perform very well. The results indicate that the use of these algorithms for accurate HLA allele determination is not straightforward when based on NGS data not especially targeted to the HLA typing and their accurate use requires HLA expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Larjo
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Eveleigh
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Tony Kwan
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Satu Koskela
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
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Alizadeh M, Walencik A, Frassati C, Moskovtchenko P, Lafarge X, Verite F, Semana G. Evidence for a higher resolution of HLA genotyping by a new NGS-based approach. Transfus Clin Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alshiekh S, Zhao LP, Lernmark Å, Geraghty DE, Naluai ÅT, Agardh D. Different DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 haplotypes confer different risk for celiac disease. HLA 2017; 90:95-101. [PMID: 28585303 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is associated with the HLA-DR3-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 and DR4-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02 haplotypes. In addition, there are currently over 40 non-HLA loci associated with celiac disease. This study extends previous analyses on different HLA haplotypes in celiac disease using next generation targeted sequencing. Included were 143 patients with celiac disease and 135 non-celiac disease controls investigated at median 9.8 years (1.4-18.3 years). PCR-based amplification of HLA and sequencing with Illumina MiSeq technology were used for extended sequencing of the HLA class II haplotypes HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DQA1 and DQB1, respectively. Odds ratios were computed marginally for every allele and haplotype as the ratio of allelic frequency in patients and controls as ratio of exposure rates (RR), when comparing a null reference with equal exposure rates in cases and controls. Among the extended HLA haplotypes, the strongest risk haplotype for celiac disease was shown for DRB3*01:01:02 in linkage with DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 (RR = 6.34; P-value < .0001). In a subpopulation analysis, DRB3*01:01:02-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 remained the most significant in patients with Scandinavian ethnicity (RR = 4.63; P < .0001) whereas DRB1*07:01:01-DRB4*01:03:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02:01 presented the highest risk of celiac disease among non-Scandinavians (RR = 7.94; P = .011). The data also revealed 2 distinct celiac disease risk DR3-DQA1*05:01-DQB*02:01 haplotypes distinguished by either the DRB3*01:01:02 or DRB3*02:02:01 alleles, indicating that different DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 haplotypes confer different risk for celiac disease. The associated risk of celiac disease for DR3-DRB3*01:01:02-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 is predominant among patients of Scandinavian ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alshiekh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - L P Zhao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Waltham
| | - Å Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Waltham
| | - Å T Naluai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Hernández-Frederick CJ, Cereb N, Giani AS, Ruppel J, Maraszek A, Pingel J, Sauter J, Schmidt AH, Yang SY. Detection of 549 new HLA alleles in potential stem cell donors from the United States, Poland and Germany. HLA 2016; 87:31-5. [PMID: 26812061 PMCID: PMC5064838 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We characterized 549 new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles found in newly registered stem cell donors as a result of high‐throughput HLA typing. New alleles include 101 HLA‐A, 132 HLA‐B, 105 HLA‐C, 2 HLA‐DRB1, 89 HLA‐DQB1 and 120 HLA‐DPB1 alleles. Mainly, new alleles comprised single nucleotide variations when compared with homologous sequences. We identified nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations in 70.7% of all new alleles, synonymous variations in 26.4% and nonsense substitutions in 2.9% (null alleles). Some new alleles (55, 10.0%) were found multiple times, HLA‐DPB1 alleles being the most frequent among these. Furthermore, as several new alleles were identified in individuals from ethnic minority groups, the relevance of recruiting donors belonging to such groups and the importance of ethnicity data collection in donor centers and registries is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Cereb
- HistoGenetics Inc., Ossining, NY, USA
| | - A S Giani
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Ruppel
- Delete Blood Cancer DKMS US, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J Pingel
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Sauter
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A H Schmidt
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Y Yang
- HistoGenetics Inc., Ossining, NY, USA
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28
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The HLA System in Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation. Transfus Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119236504.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Profaizer T, Lázár-Molnár E, Close D, Delgado JC, Kumánovics A. HLA genotyping in the clinical laboratory: comparison of next-generation sequencing methods. HLA 2016; 88:14-24. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Profaizer
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA
| | - E. Lázár-Molnár
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA
| | - D.W. Close
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA
| | - J. C. Delgado
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA
| | - A. Kumánovics
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA
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HLA imputation in an admixed population: An assessment of the 1000 Genomes data as a training set. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:307-312. [PMID: 26582005 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methods to impute HLA alleles based on dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data provide a valuable resource to association studies and evolutionary investigation of the MHC region. The availability of appropriate training sets is critical to the accuracy of HLA imputation, and the inclusion of samples with various ancestries is an important pre-requisite in studies of admixed populations. We assess the accuracy of HLA imputation using 1000 Genomes Project data as a training set, applying it to a highly admixed Brazilian population, the Quilombos from the state of São Paulo. To assess accuracy, we compared imputed and experimentally determined genotypes for 146 samples at 4 HLA classical loci. We found imputation accuracies of 82.9%, 81.8%, 94.8% and 86.6% for HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 respectively (two-field resolution). Accuracies were improved when we included a subset of Quilombo individuals in the training set. We conclude that the 1000 Genomes data is a valuable resource for construction of training sets due to the diversity of ancestries and the potential for a large overlap of SNPs with the target population. We also show that tailoring training sets to features of the target population substantially enhances imputation accuracy.
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31
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Osoegawa K, Mack SJ, Udell J, Noonan DA, Ozanne S, Trachtenberg E, Prestegaard M. HLA Haplotype Validator for quality assessments of HLA typing. Hum Immunol 2015; 77:273-282. [PMID: 26546873 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HLA alleles are observed in specific haplotypes, due to Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) between particular alleles. Haplotype frequencies for alleles in strong LD have been established for specific ethnic groups and racial categories. Application of high-resolution HLA typing using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is becoming a common practice in research and clinical laboratory settings. HLA typing errors using NGS occasionally occur due to allelic sequence imbalance or misalignment. Manual inspection of HLA genotypes is labor intensive and requires an in-depth knowledge of HLA alleles and haplotypes. We developed the "HLA Haplotype Validator (HLAHapV)" software, which inspects an HLA genotype for both the presence of common and well-documented alleles and observed haplotypes. The software also reports warnings when rare alleles, or alleles that do not belong to recognized haplotypes, are found. The software validates observable haplotypes in genotype data, providing increased confidence regarding the accuracy of the HLA typing, and thus reducing the effort involved in correcting potential HLA typing errors. The HLAHapV software is a powerful tool for quality control of HLA genotypes prior to the application of downstream analyses. We demonstrate the use of the HLAHapV software for identifying unusual haplotypes, which can lead to finding potential HLA typing errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoyo Osoegawa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Steven J Mack
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Julia Udell
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - David A Noonan
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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Mack SJ, Milius RP, Gifford BD, Sauter J, Hofmann J, Osoegawa K, Robinson J, Groeneweg M, Turenchalk GS, Adai A, Holcomb C, Rozemuller EH, Penning MT, Heuer ML, Wang C, Salit ML, Schmidt AH, Parham PR, Müller C, Hague T, Fischer G, Fernandez-Viňa M, Hollenbach JA, Norman PJ, Maiers M. Minimum information for reporting next generation sequence genotyping (MIRING): Guidelines for reporting HLA and KIR genotyping via next generation sequencing. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:954-62. [PMID: 26407912 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for HLA and KIR genotyping is rapidly advancing knowledge of genetic variation of these highly polymorphic loci. NGS genotyping is poised to replace older methods for clinical use, but standard methods for reporting and exchanging these new, high quality genotype data are needed. The Immunogenomic NGS Consortium, a broad collaboration of histocompatibility and immunogenetics clinicians, researchers, instrument manufacturers and software developers, has developed the Minimum Information for Reporting Immunogenomic NGS Genotyping (MIRING) reporting guidelines. MIRING is a checklist that specifies the content of NGS genotyping results as well as a set of messaging guidelines for reporting the results. A MIRING message includes five categories of structured information - message annotation, reference context, full genotype, consensus sequence and novel polymorphism - and references to three categories of accessory information - NGS platform documentation, read processing documentation and primary data. These eight categories of information ensure the long-term portability and broad application of this NGS data for all current histocompatibility and immunogenetics use cases. In addition, MIRING can be extended to allow the reporting of genotype data generated using pre-NGS technologies. Because genotyping results reported using MIRING are easily updated in accordance with reference and nomenclature databases, MIRING represents a bold departure from previous methods of reporting HLA and KIR genotyping results, which have provided static and less-portable data. More information about MIRING can be found online at miring.immunogenomics.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Mack
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Jürgen Sauter
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Hofmann
- DKMS German Bone Marrow Donor Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - James Robinson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alex Adai
- Bioinformatics, Roche Sequencing, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunlin Wang
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc L Salit
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter R Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jill A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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