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Duygu B, Olieslagers TI, Groeneweg M, Voorter CEM, Wieten L. HLA Class I Molecules as Immune Checkpoints for NK Cell Alloreactivity and Anti-Viral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680480. [PMID: 34295330 PMCID: PMC8290519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can kill diseased- or virally-infected cells, mediate antibody dependent cytotoxicity and produce type I immune-associated cytokines upon activation. NK cells also contribute to the allo-immune response upon kidney transplantation either by promoting allograft rejection through lysis of cells of the transplanted organ or by promoting alloreactive T cells. In addition, they protect against viral infections upon transplantation which may be especially relevant in patients receiving high dose immune suppression. NK cell activation is tightly regulated through the integrated balance of signaling via inhibitory- and activating receptors. HLA class I molecules are critical regulators of NK cell activation through the interaction with inhibitory- as well as activating NK cell receptors, hence, HLA molecules act as critical immune checkpoints for NK cells. In the current review, we evaluate how NK cell alloreactivity and anti-viral immunity are regulated by NK cell receptors belonging to the KIR family and interacting with classical HLA class I molecules, or by NKG2A/C and LILRB1/KIR2DL4 engaging non-classical HLA-E or -G. In addition, we provide an overview of the methods to determine genetic variation in these receptors and their HLA ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo I Olieslagers
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Groeneweg
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christina E M Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Moraru M, Perez-Portilla A, Al-Akioui Sanz K, Blazquez-Moreno A, Arnaiz-Villena A, Reyburn HT, Vilches C. FCGR Genetic Variation in Two Populations From Ecuador Highlands-Extensive Copy-Number Variation, Distinctive Distribution of Functional Polymorphisms, and a Novel, Locally Common, Chimeric FCGR3B/A (CD16B/A) Gene. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615645. [PMID: 34108956 PMCID: PMC8183472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR), cell-surface glycoproteins that bind antigen-IgG complexes, control both humoral and cellular immune responses. The FCGR locus on chromosome 1q23.3 comprises five homologous genes encoding low-affinity FcγRII and FcγRIII, and displays functionally relevant polymorphism that impacts on human health. Recurrent events of non-allelic homologous recombination across the FCGR locus result in copy-number variation of ~82.5 kbp-long fragments known as copy-number regions (CNR). Here, we characterize a recently described deletion that we name CNR5, which results in loss of FCGR3A, FCGR3B, and FCGR2C, and generation of a recombinant FCGR3B/A gene. We show that the CNR5 recombination spot lies at the beginning of the third FCGR3 intron. Although the FCGR3B/A-encoded hybrid protein CD16B/A reaches the plasma membrane in transfected cells, its possible natural expression, predictably restricted to neutrophils, could not be demonstrated in resting or interferon γ-stimulated cells. As the CNR5-deletion was originally described in an Ecuadorian family from Llano Grande (an indigenous community in North-Eastern Quito), we characterized the FCGR genetic variation in two populations from the highlands of Ecuador. Our results reveal that CNR5-deletion is relatively frequent in Llano Grande (5 carriers out of 36 donors). Furthermore, we found a high frequency of two strong-phagocytosis variants: the FCGR3B-NA1 haplotype and the CNR1 duplication, which translates into an increased FCGR3B and FCGR2C copy-number. CNR1 duplication was particularly increased in Llano Grande, 77.8% of the studied sample carrying at least one such duplication. In contrast, an extended haplotype CD16A-176V – CD32C-ORF+2B.2 – CD32B-2B.4 including strong activating and inhibitory FcγR variants was absent in Llano Grande and found at a low frequency (8.6%) in Ecuador highlands. This particular distribution of FCGR polymorphism, possibly a result of selective pressures, further confirms the importance of a comprehensive, joint analysis of all genetic variations in the locus and warrants additional studies on their putative clinical impact. In conclusion, our study confirms important ethnic variation at the FCGR locus; it shows a distinctive FCGR polymorphism distribution in Ecuador highlands; provides a molecular characterization of a novel CNR5-deletion associated with CD16A and CD16B deficiency; and confirms its presence in that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moraru
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Adriana Perez-Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karima Al-Akioui Sanz
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blazquez-Moreno
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics & Histocompatibility Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Spain
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Williams RC, Koroglu C, Knowler WC, Shuldiner AR, Gosalia N, Van Hout C, Hanson RL, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Next generation sequencing for HLA loci in full heritage Pima Indians of Arizona, Part II: HLA-A, -B, and -C with selected non-classical loci at 4-field resolution from whole genome sequences. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:385-403. [PMID: 33875299 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While the samples and data from the Pima Indians of the Gila River Indian Community have been included in many international HLA workshops and conferences and have been the focus of numerous population reports and the source of novel alleles at the classical HLA loci, they have not been studied for the non-classical loci. In order to expand our HLA-disease association studies, we typed over 300 whole genome sequences from full Pima heritage members, controlled for first degree relationship, and employed recently developed computer algorithms to resolve HLA alleles. Both classical-HLA-A, -B, and -C- and non-classical- HLA-E, -F, -G, -J, -L, -W, -Y, -DPA2, -DPB2, -DMA, -DMB, -DOA, -DRB2, -DRB9, TAP1- loci were typed at the 4-field level of resolution. We present allele and selected haplotype frequencies, test the genotype distributions for population structure, discuss the issues that are created for tests of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium over the four sample spaces of high resolution HLA typing, and address the implications for the evolution of non-classical pseudogenes that are no longer expressed in a phenotype subject to natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Williams
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIH, NIDDK, Phoenix 85014, AZ, United States.
| | - Cigdem Koroglu
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIH, NIDDK, Phoenix 85014, AZ, United States
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIH, NIDDK, Phoenix 85014, AZ, United States
| | | | - Nehal Gosalia
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown 10591, NY, United States
| | | | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIH, NIDDK, Phoenix 85014, AZ, United States
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIH, NIDDK, Phoenix 85014, AZ, United States
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIH, NIDDK, Phoenix 85014, AZ, United States
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Scarabel L, Garziera M, Fortuna S, Asaro F, Toffoli G, Geremia S. Soluble HLA-G expression levels and HLA-G/irinotecan association in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan-based strategy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8773. [PMID: 32471996 PMCID: PMC7260212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We here explore the soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (sHLA-G) expression level as clinical biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). To this aim the sHLA-G protein was measured in plasma samples of 40 patients with mCRC treated with the FOLFIRI (irinotecan (CPT-11) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV)) regimen. The results suggest a link between HLA-G levels and irinotecan (CPT-11) pharmacokinetic, leading to hypothesize a molecular interaction between sHLA-G and CPT-11. This interaction was confirmed experimentally by fluorescence spectroscopy. HLA-G is known to exist in a number of polymorphs that affect both the protein expression levels and its peptide-binding cleft. The interaction between HLA-G polymorphs and CPT-11 was explored by means of computational modelling, confirming the hypothesis that CPT-11 could actually target the peptide binding cleft of the most common HLA-G polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scarabel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Castro MDS, Issler HC, Gelmini GF, de Miranda BLM, Calonga-Solís V, Schmidt AH, Stein A, Bicalho MDG, Petzl-Erler ML, Augusto DG. High-resolution characterization of 12 classical and non-classical HLA loci in Southern Brazilians. HLA 2020; 93:80-88. [PMID: 30740929 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) are the most polymorphic genes in the human genome. Because of their importance for antigen recognition, HLA molecules play a central role in host defense and graft rejection upon transplantation. The aim of this study was to characterize allelic diversity of the classical HLA genes HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRA, -DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, -DPB1, and the non-classical class I genes HLA-E, -F and -G at high-resolution for a population of predominantly European ancestry from Curitiba, Brazil. Genotyping of 108 individuals was performed by next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq platform and also by Sanger sequencing. The genotype distributions of all loci were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05) and a total of 202 HLA variants at second field resolution were observed for the 12 loci. The strongest linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 1.0, P < 10-5 ) was observed for the following pairs of alleles: HLA-B*42:01:01 ~ HLA-DRB1*03:02:01; HLA-B*14:02:01 ~ HLA-C*08:02:01; B*42:01:01 ~ HLA-C*17:01:01; HLA-DRB1*03:01:01 ~ HLA-DQB1*02:01:01 ~ DRB1*03:01:01 ~ HLA-DQB1*02:01:01; DRB1*13:01:01~ HLA-DQB1*06:03:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01:02 ~ HLA-DQA1*03:02. This is the first study to characterize all 12 HLA genes at high resolution in a single population. On the basis of the allelic frequencies of worldwide populations and principal component analysis, we confirmed the similarity of the study population to European and other Euro-descendant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Sousa Castro
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hellen C Issler
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Geórgia F Gelmini
- Laboratório de Imunogenética e Histocompatibilidade, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna L M de Miranda
- Laboratório de Imunogenética e Histocompatibilidade, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Verónica Calonga-Solís
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria da Graça Bicalho
- Laboratório de Imunogenética e Histocompatibilidade, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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