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Nielsen HM, How-Kit A, Guerin C, Castinetti F, Vollan HKM, De Micco C, Daunay A, Taieb D, Van Loo P, Besse C, Kristensen VN, Hansen LL, Barlier A, Sebag F, Tost J. Copy number variations alter methylation and parallel IGF2 overexpression in adrenal tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:953-67. [PMID: 26400872 PMCID: PMC4621769 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a hallmark of adrenocortical carcinomas and pheochromocytomas. Previous studies investigating the IGF2/H19 locus have mainly focused on a single molecular level such as genomic alterations or altered DNA methylation levels and the causal changes underlying IGF2 overexpression are still not fully established. In the current study, we analyzed 62 tumors of the adrenal gland from patients with Conn's adenoma (CA, n=12), pheochromocytomas (PCC, n=10), adrenocortical benign tumors (ACBT, n=20), and adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC, n=20). Gene expression, somatic copy number variation of chr11p15.5, and DNA methylation status of three differential methylated regions of the IGF2/H19 locus including the H19 imprinting control region were integratively analyzed. IGF2 overexpression was found in 85% of the ACCs and 100% of the PCCs compared to 23% observed in CAs and ACBTs. Copy number aberrations of chr11p15.5 were abundant in both PCCs and ACCs but while PCCs retained a diploid state, ACCs were frequently tetraploid (7/19). Loss of either a single allele or loss of two alleles of the same parental origin in tetraploid samples resulted in a uniparental disomy-like genotype. These copy number changes correlated with hypermethylation of the H19 ICR suggesting that the lost alleles were the unmethylated maternal alleles. Our data provide conclusive evidence that loss of the maternal allele correlates with IGF2 overexpression in adrenal tumors and that hypermethylation of the H19 ICR is a consequence thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Myrtue Nielsen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Carole Guerin
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Frederic Castinetti
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Hans Kristian Moen Vollan
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Catherine De Micco
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - David Taieb
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Celine Besse
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Lise Lotte Hansen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Frederic Sebag
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
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