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Sotirov S, Dimitrov I. Tumor-Derived Antigenic Peptides as Potential Cancer Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4934. [PMID: 38732150 PMCID: PMC11084719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide antigens derived from tumors have been observed to elicit protective immune responses, categorized as either tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or tumor-specific antigens (TSAs). Subunit cancer vaccines incorporating these antigens have shown promise in inducing protective immune responses, leading to cancer prevention or eradication. Over recent years, peptide-based cancer vaccines have gained popularity as a treatment modality and are often combined with other forms of cancer therapy. Several clinical trials have explored the safety and efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines, with promising outcomes. Advancements in techniques such as whole-exome sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and in silico methods have facilitated the identification of antigens, making it increasingly feasible. Furthermore, the development of novel delivery methods and a deeper understanding of tumor immune evasion mechanisms have heightened the interest in these vaccines among researchers. This article provides an overview of novel insights regarding advancements in the field of peptide-based vaccines as a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment. It summarizes existing computational methods for tumor neoantigen prediction, ongoing clinical trials involving peptide-based cancer vaccines, and recent studies on human vaccination experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Moranova L, Stanik M, Hrstka R, Campuzano S, Bartosik M. Electrochemical LAMP-based assay for detection of RNA biomarkers in prostate cancer. Talanta 2022; 238:123064. [PMID: 34801892 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current molecular diagnostics of prostate cancer relies on detection of elevated levels of PSA protein in serum, but its specificity has been questioned due to its higher levels also in non-malignant prostate diseases. A long non-coding RNA biomarker, PCA3, demonstrated excellent specificity for prostate cancer, and thus has become an interesting alternative to PSA monitoring. Its detection utilizes mostly reverse transcription PCR with optical detection, making the protocol longer and more expensive. To avoid PCR, we have developed an electrochemical assay coupled with LAMP, an isothermal amplification technique showing high sensitivities at constant temperatures and shorter reaction times. We amplified PCA3 RNA as well as PSA mRNA (serving as a control), hybridized LAMP products on magnetic beads and measured them with chronoamperometry at carbon electrode chips. We show good sensitivity and specificity for both biomarkers in prostate cancer cell lines, and successful detection of PCA3 in clinical samples, i.e., urine samples from 11 prostate cancer patients and 7 healthy controls, where we obtained excellent correlation with clinical data. This is to our knowledge a first such attempt to apply electrochemistry to determine two RNA biomarkers directly in urine samples of prostate cancer patients in a minimally invasive diagnostics format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Moranova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Stanik
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Bartosik
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Cancer Vaccines: Antigen Selection Strategy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020085. [PMID: 33503926 PMCID: PMC7911511 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike traditional cancer therapies, cancer vaccines (CVs) harness a high specificity of the host’s immunity to kill tumor cells. CVs can train and bolster the patient’s immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells by enhancing immune cells’ identification of antigens expressed on cancer cells. Various features of antigens like immunogenicity and avidity influence the efficacy of CVs. Therefore, the choice and application of antigens play a critical role in establishing and developing CVs. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), a group of proteins expressed at elevated levels in tumor cells but lower levels in healthy normal cells, have been well-studied and developed in CVs. However, immunological tolerance, HLA restriction, and adverse events are major obstacles that threaten TAA-based CVs’ efficacy due to the “self-protein” characteristic of TAAs. As “abnormal proteins” that are completely absent from normal cells, tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) can trigger a robust immune response against tumor cells with high specificity and without going through central tolerance, contributing to cancer vaccine development feasibility. In this review, we focus on the unique features of TAAs and TSAs and their application in vaccines, summarizing their performance in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Lin CE, Chang WS, Lee JA, Chang TY, Huang YS, Hirasaki Y, Chen HS, Imai K, Chen SM. Proteomics analysis of altered proteins in kidney of mice with aristolochic acid nephropathy using the fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32. [PMID: 29088495 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) causes interstitial renal fibrosis, called aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). There is no specific indicator for diagnosing AAN, so this study aimed to investigate the biomarkers for AAN using a proteomics method. The C3H/He female mice were given ad libitum AA-distilled water (0.5 mg/kg/day) and distilled water for 56 days in the AA and normal groups, respectively. The AA-induced proteins in the kidney were investigated using a proteomics study, including fluorogenic derivatization with 7-chloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonamide, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with a MASCOT database searching system. There were two altered proteins, thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) and G protein-coupled receptor 87 (GPR87), in the kidney of AA-group mice on day 56. GPR87, a tumorigenesis-related protein, is reported for the first time in the current study. The renal interstitial fibrosis was certainly induced in the AA-group mice under histological examination. Based on the results of histological examination and the proteomics study, this model might be applied to AAN studies in the future. TSP1 might be a novel biomarker for AAN, and the further role of GPR87 leading to AA-induced tumorigenesis should be researched in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-En Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ya Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoshiro Hirasaki
- Department of Japanese-oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hung-Shing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Maerle AV, Voronina DV, Dobrochaeva KL, Galanina OE, Alekseev LP, Bovin NV, Zavriev SK, Ryazantsev DY. Immuno-PCR technology for detection of natural human antibodies against Le c disaccharide. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:199-205. [PMID: 28091939 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of an immuno-PCR assay for quantitation of low amounts of anti-glycan human antibodies is described. The sensitivity of the assay for determination of low-affinity anti-LeC IgM has been found to be 4 ng/ml (~100 pg per sample), thus being two orders of magnitude higher compared to the conventional ELISA with the same antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria V Voronina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kira L Dobrochaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana E Galanina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid P Alekseev
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei K Zavriev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Ryazantsev DY, Voronina DV, Zavriev SK. Immuno-PCR: achievements and perspectives. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1754-1770. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Darling MR, Woodford R, Cuddy KK, Jackson-Boeters L, Hayter A, Inkaran J, Diamandis EP, Khan Z. Kallikrein-related peptidase expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors: An immunohistochemical comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8. [PMID: 28054463 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to profile the expression of human kallikrein (KLK)-related peptidases (KLK) in odontogenic lesions. METHODS Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed, non-odontogenic (control) and odontogenic lesions were stained for KLK using a standard immunohistochemical technique. The intensity and proportion of epithelial cells stained was scored. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was utilized to evaluate KLK 1-15 mRNA expression in ameloblastomas. RESULTS KLK 3, 4, 9, 11, and 14 were present in all lesions. KLK 3 staining was increased in ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. KLK 5 was present only in Keratocystic odontogenic tumor. KLK 6 was significantly higher in ameloblastomas than in other lesions. For KLK 7, keratocystic odontogenic tumors and nasopalatine duct cysts were significantly different. KLK 6, 8, 10, 11, and 13 were significantly higher in ameloblastomas than in other lesions. KLK 9 was increased in keratocystic odontogenic tumors and dentigerous cysts. The expression of KLK 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, and 12 mRNA was found in ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION The results suggested that KLK 6, 8, 10, and 13 could be involved in the progression of ameloblastomas. KLK 10 could have a greater role in odontogenic lesions, rather than non-odontogenic lesions. Future studies aim to define the specific roles of KLK cascades in odontogenic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Roger Darling
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Woodford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karl Kevin Cuddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Jackson-Boeters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa Hayter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeyanth Inkaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zia Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Stephanie R. Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Mael Manesse
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Araujo CL, Quintero IB, Ovaska K, Herrala AM, Hautaniemi S, Vihko PT. Transmembrane prostatic acid phosphatase (TMPAP) delays cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Prostate 2016; 76:151-62. [PMID: 26419820 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common form of prostate cancer. We have previously shown in a murine model that prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) deficiency leads to increased cell proliferation and development of prostate adenocarcinoma. The association between PAP and prostate cancer has been reported. Indeed, high PAP enzymatic activity is detected in the serum of patients with metastatic disease while its expression is reduced in prostate cancer tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the onset of the disease remains poorly understood. We previously identified a novel transmembrane prostatic acid phosphatase (TMPAP) isoform, which interacts with snapin. TMPAP is expressed on the plasma membrane, as well as endosomal/lysosomal and exosomal membrane vesicles by means of a tyrosine-based lysosomal targeting motif (Yxxϕ). METHODS We used stable overexpression of the secreted isoform (SPAP) and TMPAP in LNCaP cells, live cell imaging, microarray and qRT-PCR analyses, and fluid phase uptake of HRP and transferrin. RESULTS Our results indicate that the stable overexpression of TMPAP, but not SPAP in LNCaP cells reduces cell growth while increasing endo/exocytosis and cell size. Specifically, cells overexpressing TMPAP accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and show altered gene expression profile. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that TMPAP may function as a non-canonical tumor suppressor by delaying cell growth in G1 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- César L Araujo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ileana B Quintero
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Ovaska
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annakaisa M Herrala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko T Vihko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
This article updates advances in prostate cancer screening based on prostate-specific antigen, its derivatives, and human kallikrein markers. Many men are diagnosed with indolent disease not requiring treatment. Although there is evidence of a survival benefit from screening, the numbers needed to screen and treat remain high. There is risk of exposing men to the side effects of treatment for nonthreatening disease. A screening test is needed with sufficiently good performance characteristics to detect disease at an early stage so treatment may be offered with curative intent, while reducing the number of negative or unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hans Lilja
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue (Mailbox 213), New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Surgery (Urology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue (Mailbox 213), New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine (GU-Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue (Mailbox 213), New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Tamburrino L, Salvianti F, Marchiani S, Pinzani P, Nesi G, Serni S, Forti G, Baldi E. Androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate cancer and progression of the tumor: Lessons from cell lines, animal models and human specimens. Steroids 2012; 77:996-1001. [PMID: 22289337 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most frequent causes of death for cancer in men in western countries. In about 30% of cases, the disease is very aggressive rapidly leading to a metastatic disease. In these cases, prostatectomy is not possible and the patient is usually directed to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) which is only palliative as a castration resistant PC (CRPC) usually develops within 2-3 years of treatment. At present there are no prognostic markers of PC progression. The role of the androgen receptor (AR) in initiation and development of PC is well established and documented. In particular, it is now recognized that androgens actions are mediated by an integration of classical (genomic) and non-classical (extragenomic) activity of AR. The picture about AR and PC become less clear when CRPC is considered. Indeed, the role of AR in the progression of PC and in CRPC is controversial. Results of studies on the role of AR in the progression of PC in cell lines, xenografts, animal models and even clinical specimens are conflicting reflecting the high heterogeneity of PC. Recent evidence in AR conditional KO in mouse models of PC shows possible contrasting roles of AR depending on its location in the two (epithelial or stromal) compartments of PC. Here, we review this evidence and report preliminary data of a study performed in microdissected areas of epithelia and stromal compartments of human PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tamburrino
- Dept. of Clinical Physiopathology, Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DeNothe, University of Florence, Italy
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Lawrence MG, Lai J, Clements JA. Kallikreins on steroids: structure, function, and hormonal regulation of prostate-specific antigen and the extended kallikrein locus. Endocr Rev 2010; 31:407-46. [PMID: 20103546 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 15 members of the kallikrein-related serine peptidase (KLK) family have diverse tissue-specific expression profiles and putative proteolytic functions. The kallikrein family is also emerging as a rich source of disease biomarkers with KLK3, commonly known as prostate-specific antigen, being the current serum biomarker for prostate cancer. The kallikrein locus is also notable because it is extraordinarily responsive to steroids and other hormones. Indeed, at least 14 functional hormone response elements have been identified in the kallikrein locus. A more comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional regulation of kallikreins may help the field make more informed hypotheses about the physiological functions of kallikreins and their effectiveness as biomarkers. In this review, we describe the organization of the kallikrein locus and the structure of kallikrein genes and proteins. We also focus on the transcriptional regulation of kallikreins by androgens, progestins, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, estrogens, and other hormones in animal models and human prostate, breast, and reproductive tract tissues. The interaction of the androgen receptor with androgen response elements in the promoter and enhancer of KLK2 and KLK3 is also summarized in detail. There is evidence that all kallikreins are regulated by multiple nuclear receptors. Yet, apart from KLK2 and KLK3, it is not clear whether all kallikreins are direct transcriptional targets. Therefore, we argue that gaining more detailed information about the mechanisms that regulate kallikrein expression should be a priority of future studies and that the kallikrein locus will continue to be an important model in the era of genome-wide analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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