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Kabra H, Mohanty NR, Tripathy S, Mohanty M, Senapati U, Rath J. Expression of Claudin-4 and D2-40 and their significance in prostatic adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S800-S806. [PMID: 38384059 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_279_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudins are a clan of proteins that are the most important component of tight junctions. The claudin-4 expression has been linked to tumour cell invasion and progression in a variety of primary malignancies. Evaluation of lymphovascular density (LVD) correlates with tumour aggressiveness and may correlate with prognosis. D2-40 is a highly specific marker of lymphatic vessels. AIMS To evaluate the claudin-4 expression in relation to LVD by D2-40 expression and with clinicopathological parameters in prostatic adenocarcinoma. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS 39 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were taken, the D2-40 and claudin-4 immunohistochemical stains were performed and correlation was done with clinicopathological parameters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical analyses such as mean, median, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Fischer exact test, Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient, Chi-square test and T-test were used. RESULTS The claudin-4 expression was seen higher in cases with higher Gleason score but it was statistically non-significant (P = 0.778). The claudin-4 expression did not correlate with any clinicopathological parameters. LVD in the peritumoral area was significantly higher as compared to the intratumoral area (P = 0.005). Intratumoral LVD and perineural invasion were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION The claudin-4 expression may correlate with adverse prognostic parameters. Higher lymphatic vessels can be responsible for the higher metastatic potential of prostatic adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Kabra
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Mohanty
- Department of Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sukanta Tripathy
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Madhusmita Mohanty
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Urmila Senapati
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayashree Rath
- Department of Pathology, Hi-tech Medical College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Clinical and Novel Biomarkers in Penile Carcinoma: A Prospective Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091364. [PMID: 36143149 PMCID: PMC9502223 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile carcinoma is a rare urological neoplasia in men compared to other more common tumors, such as prostate, kidney, or bladder tumors. However, this neoplasm continues to affect a large number of patients worldwide, with developing countries presenting the highest incidence and mortality rates. Important risk factors such as the human papilloma virus, a factor affecting a large number of patients, have been described; however, few studies have evaluated screening programs in populations at risk for this disease, which severely affects the quality of life of older men. The management of these patients is usually complex, requiring surgical interventions that are not without risk and that have a great impact on the functionality of the male reproductive system. In addition, in cases of disseminated disease or with significant locoregional involvement, patients are evaluated by multidisciplinary oncological committees that can adjust the application of aggressive neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy on numerous occasions without clear improvement in survival. Chemotherapy regimens are usually aggressive, and unlike in other urological neoplasms, few advances have been made in the use of immunotherapy in these patients. The study of serological and histological biomarkers may help to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of these tumors and select patients who have a higher risk of metastatic progression. Similarly, the analysis of molecular markers will improve the availability of targeted therapies for the management of patients with disseminated disease that would benefit prognosis. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize the main advances that have occurred in the development of serological and histological markers and their therapeutic implications in patients diagnosed with penile carcinoma, explaining the limitations that have been observed and analyzing future perspectives in the management of this disease.
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Wang X, Li W, Bi J, Wang J, Ni L, Shi Q, Meng Q. Association of high PDPN expression with pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma and patient prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6323-6330. [PMID: 31807157 PMCID: PMC6876324 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is an important positive regulator of platelet aggregation and functions as a lymphatic endothelial marker. PDPN has been observed to be expressed in human tumor tissues and various cancer cell lines. In the present study, PDPN expression in patients with primary osteosarcoma was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels, and the associations between PDPN expression and pulmonary metastasis (PM) and prognosis were examined. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis was used to detect the expression levels of PDPN in primary osteosarcoma tissues and paired normal bone tissues (n=20 pairs). In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of PDPN expression was performed in 168 paraffin-embedded osteosarcoma tissue specimens and 23 matched normal tissues. The RT-qPCR results revealed higher mRNA expression levels of PDPN in patients with PM compared with patients without PM. Further survival analyses identified Enneking stage and PM as two independent prognostic indicators. Finally, univariate analysis revealed that high PDPN protein expression was significantly associated with Enneking stage and PM in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Linying Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Qingtao Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Qinggang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
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Li J, Chen H, Li X, Wang L, Gao A, Zhang P, Lin W, Gao W, Yang D, Guo X, Liu J, Dang Q, Sun Y. Co-expression of podoplanin and fibroblast growth factor 1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1643-1652. [PMID: 28656229 PMCID: PMC5562063 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 have been detected more frequently in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) compared with lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, it has been previous demonstrated that FGF1 is located on the edge of tumor nests in certain lung SQCC sections, which resembles the characteristic expression pattern of podoplanin. Podoplanin and FGF1 have roles in lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. Based on their consistently specific expression in lung SQCC and similar localization patterns, the present study aimed to investigate whether the expression of podoplanin in tumor cells is correlated with FGF1 expression in lung SQCC and whether their co-expression has clinicopathological significance, particularly for lymphangiogenesis/angiogenesis. The correlation between podoplanin and FGF1 expression in tumor cells of 82 lung SQCC cases was investigated by immunohistochemical staining and the association between the co-expression of podoplanin and FGF1, and clinicopathological factors such as microvessel density (MVD), was examined in these samples. In addition, the prognostic value of co-expression of podoplanin and FGF1 in tumor cells was determined, and the regulation of FGF1 expression and angiogenesis by podoplanin was examined in vitro in a human lung SQCC cell line. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between podoplanin and FGF1 expression in lung SQCC tumor cells (R=0.591; P<0.0001). Co-expression of podoplanin and FGF1 was significantly associated with larger primary tumor size, advanced TNM stage and higher intratumoral MVD. Survival analysis demonstrated that cases with podoplanin and FGF1 double-positive staining had a significantly lower survival rate compared with cases with double-negative staining. In vitro experiments revealed that podoplanin regulated FGF1 expression and affected tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Combined, the results demonstrated that podoplanin was co-expressed with FGF1 in lung SQCC and this co-expression was correlated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Han Chen
- Soochow University College of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Aiqin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nan Lou Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Lin
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Qi Dang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Abstract
Tumor neovascularization acquires their vessels through a number of processes including angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, vascular remodeling, intussusception, and possibly vascular mimicry in certain tumors. The end result of the tumor vasculature has been quantified by counting the number of immunohistochemically identified microvessels in areas of maximal vascularity, so-called hot spot. Other techniques have been developed such as Chalkley counting and the use of image analysis systems that are robust and reproducible as well as being more objective. Many of the molecular pathways that govern tumor neovascularization have been identified and many reagents are now available to study these tissue sections. These include angiogenic growth factors and their receptors and cell adhesion molecules, proteases, and markers of activated, proliferating, cytokine-stimulated, or angiogenic vessels, such as CD105. It is also possible to differentiate quiescent from active vessels. Other reagents that can identify proteins involved in microenvironmental influences such as hypoxia have also been generated. Although the histological assessment of tumor vascularity is used mostly in the research context, it may also have clinical applications if appropriate methodology and trained observers perform the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Pang
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jene
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, 3002, Australia.
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Radi DA, Abd-Elazeem MA. Prognostic Significance of Lymphatic Vessel Density Detected by D2-40 and Its Relation to Claudin-4 Expression in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2015; 24:219-26. [PMID: 26464161 DOI: 10.1177/1066896915611488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Lymphovascular invasion is an important pathway of metastatic spread and regional lymph node metastasis is the major prognostic factor in prostatic adenocarcinoma. D2-40 is used to identify the lymphatic vessels and to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Expression of claudin-4 may be related to invasion and progression of carcinoma cells in several primary tumors. Aim To evaluate intra- and peritumoral LVD through immunohistochemical expression of D2-40 in relation to claudin-4 expression and clinicopathological parameters in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemical staining procedure was performed on 53 paraffin-embedded blocks of radical prostatectomy specimens for prostatic adenocarcinoma using anti D2-40 and claudin-4 antibodies. Sections were evaluated for mean LVD in intratumoral and peritumoral tissues assessed by D2-40 expression. Results LVD in intratumoral tissues was significantly lower compared with peritumoral areas (P = .0001). Peritumoral mean LVD was significantly higher in cases with lymphovascular invasion (P = .041) and in cases with positive lymph node metastasis (P = .003) than intratumoral mean LVD. High claudin-4 expression was significantly correlated with high tumor grade (P = .0001), lymphovascular invasion (P = .006), and positive lymph node metastasis (P = .004). High claudin-4 expression was significantly associated with increased mean LVD in peritumoral tissues. Conclusion Increased peritumoral mean LVD in prostatic adenocarcinoma is associated with lymphovascular invasion and positive lymph node metastasis. High claudin-4 expression is associated with high tumor grade, lymphocascular invasion, positive lymph node metastasis, and high mean peritumoral LVD suggesting that D2-40 and claudin-4 may represent different mechanisms of lymphatic vessel invasion with both biomarkers is related to poor prognosis.
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Tsuneki M, Madri JA, Saku T. Cell–extracellular matrix interactions in oral tumorigenesis: Roles of podoplanin and CD44 and modulation of Hippo pathway. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wakisaka N, Yoshida S, Kondo S, Kita M, Sawada-Kitamura S, Endo K, Tsuji A, Nakanish Y, Murono S, Yoshizaki T. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and loss of podoplanin expression are associated with progression of lymph node metastases in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma. Histopathology 2014; 66:771-80. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Wakisaka
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshida
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Makiko Kita
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Seiko Sawada-Kitamura
- Division of Human Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Akira Tsuji
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakanish
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Murono
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
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Matsukuma S, Kono T, Takeo H, Hamakawa Y, Sato K. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis from lung cancer: a clinicopathological postmortem study. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:525-34. [PMID: 23913165 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined 47 cases of lung cancer concomitant with other tumors and found eight cases (17 %) with nine foci of tumor-to-tumor metastasis, defined as metastasis of lung cancer into another tumor. Donor lung cancers were four adenocarcinomas, two squamous cell carcinomas, and two small cell carcinomas. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis was found in five of six renal cell carcinomas (83 %), one of eight thyroid papillary carcinomas (13 %), one of three adrenocortical adenomas (33 %), one of three pancreatic endocrine microadenomas (33 %), and another lung cancer (one of six cases of multiple lung cancers, 17 %). The higher recipient incidence in renal cell carcinoma was statistically significant compared with prostatic carcinoma (0/16, P < 0.001), colorectal carcinoma (0/7, P = 0.005), and gastric carcinoma (0/5, P = 0.015). Generalized metastases were found in 88 % of the tumor-to-tumor metastasis cases. The total clinical course of patients with tumor-to-tumor metastasis was shorter than that of the patients without tumor-to-tumor metastasis (mean, 5.4 versus 18.8 months; P = 0.046). Tumor-to-tumor metastasis sometimes mimicked undifferentiated recipient tumor cells. Immunostains for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), Napsin A, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and CK5/6 were useful to confirm tumor-to-tumor metastasis. However, TTF-1-, Napsin A-, and/or CK7-negative lung adenocarcinoma components metastasized to renal cell carcinoma in three cases, and recipient renal cell carcinomas were focally Napsin A+ (two cases) or CK7+ (two cases). Tumor-to-tumor metastasis can occur as a result of metastasis from lung cancer with more aggressive behavior. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis should be carefully distinguished from undifferentiated recipient tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24 Ikejiri, Setagaya-ku, 154-0001, Tokyo, Japan,
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Podoplanin-mediated cell adhesion through extracellular matrix in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2013; 93:921-32. [PMID: 23817087 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN), one of the representative mucin-like type-I transmembrane glycoproteins specific to lymphatic endothelial cells, is expressed in various cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). On the basis of our previous studies, we have developed the hypothesis that PDPN functions in association with the extracellular matrix (ECM) from the cell surface side. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular role of PDPN in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration in oral SCC cells. Forty-four surgical specimens of oral SCC were used for immunohistochemistry for PDPN, and the expression profiles were correlated with their clinicopathological properties. Using ZK-1, a human oral SCC cell system, and five other cell systems, we examined PDPN expression levels by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and real-time PCR. The effects of transient PDPN knockdown by siRNA in ZK-1 were determined for cellular functions in terms of cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion in association with CD44 and hyaluronan. Cases without PDPN-positive cells were histopathologically classified as less-differentiated SCC, and SCC cells without PDPN more frequently invaded lymphatics. Adhesive properties of ZK-1 were significantly inhibited by siRNA, and PDPN was shown to collaborate with CD44 in cell adhesion to tether SCC cells with hyaluronan-rich ECM of the narrow intercellular space as well as with the stromal ECM. There was no siRNA effect in migration. We have demonstrated the primary function of PDPN in cell adhesion to ECM, which is to secondarily promote oral SCC cell proliferation.
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Gunia S, Burger M, Hakenberg OW, May D, Koch S, Jain A, Birnkammer K, Wieland WF, Otto W, Hofstädter F, Fritsche HM, Denzinger S, Gilfrich C, Brookman-May S, May M. Inherent Grading Characteristics of Individual Pathologists Contribute to Clinically and Prognostically Relevant Interobserver Discordance Concerning Broders' Grading of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Urol Int 2013; 90:207-13. [DOI: 10.1159/000342639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Minardi D, Lucarini G, Filosa A, Zizzi A, Simonetti O, Offidani AM, d’Anzeo G, Di Primio R, Montironi R, Muzzonigro G. Prognostic value of CD44 expression in penile squamous cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:377-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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14
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Toll A, Gimeno-Beltrán J, Ferrandiz-Pulido C, Masferrer E, Yébenes M, Jucglà A, Abal L, Martí RM, Sanmartín O, Baró T, Casado B, Gandarillas A, Barranco C, Costa I, Mojal S, García-Patos V, Pujol RM. D2-40 immunohistochemical overexpression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas: a marker of metastatic risk. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:1310-8. [PMID: 22521203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 4% of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) develop lymphatic metastases. The value of lymphatic endothelial markers to enhance the detection of lymphatic tumor invasion in cSCC has not been assessed previously. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the use of the antibody D2-40, a podoplanin immunohistochemical marker, to identify tumor lymph vessel invasion in cSCC and to assess its expression in tumor cells. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study. A series of 101 cSCC, including 51 cases that developed lymphatic metastatic spread (metastasizing cSCC [MSCC]) and 50 cases that resolved definitely after surgical excision (non-MSCC) were included in the study. Lymph vessel invasion using D2-40 was evaluated on all primary biopsy specimens. The percentage of tumor cells showing D2-40 positivity and intensity scoring were recorded. All the immunohistochemical findings were correlated with the clinicopathological features. RESULTS Lymph vessel invasion was observed in 8% of non-MSCCs and in 25.5% of MSCCs (P = .031). D2-40 expression was significantly increased, both in intensity (odds ratio 4.42 for intensity ++/+++) and in area (odds ratio 2.29 for area >10%), in MSCC when compared with non-MSCC. Interestingly, almost half (49%) of the MSCC had moderate to intense D2-40 positivity compared with 16% of non-MSCC. D2-40 immunohistochemical expression was increased in tumors with an infiltrative pattern of extension. In the multivariate analysis, histologically poorly differentiated tumors, recurrent lesions, and cSCC showing D2-40 overexpression (in intensity) were significantly associated with lymphatic metastases development (odds ratios 15.67, 14.72, and 6.07, respectively). LIMITATIONS This was a retrospective study. CONCLUSION The expression of podoplanin associates with high metastatic risk in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustí Toll
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
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Švajdler M, Fröhlichová L, Benický M, Torday T. ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma expressing membranous D2-40 immunopositivity and mimicking seminoma: potential diagnostic pitfall. J Hematop 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-011-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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