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Lawrence R, Watters M, Davies CR, Pantel K, Lu YJ. Circulating tumour cells for early detection of clinically relevant cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00781-y. [PMID: 37268719 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Given that cancer mortality is usually a result of late diagnosis, efforts in the field of early detection are paramount to reducing cancer-related deaths and improving patient outcomes. Increasing evidence indicates that metastasis is an early event in patients with aggressive cancers, often occurring even before primary lesions are clinically detectable. Metastases are usually formed from cancer cells that spread to distant non-malignant tissues via the blood circulation, termed circulating tumour cells (CTCs). CTCs have been detected in patients with early stage cancers and, owing to their association with metastasis, might indicate the presence of aggressive disease, thus providing a possible means to expedite diagnosis and treatment initiation for such patients while avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of those with slow-growing, indolent tumours. The utility of CTCs as an early diagnostic tool has been investigated, although further improvements in the efficiency of CTC detection are required. In this Perspective, we discuss the clinical significance of early haematogenous dissemination of cancer cells, the potential of CTCs to facilitate early detection of clinically relevant cancers, and the technological advances that might improve CTC capture and, thus, diagnostic performance in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lawrence
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Watters
- Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Caitlin R Davies
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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2
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Qi R, Lin J, Chen S, Jiang J, Zhang X, Yao B, Zheng H, Jin Z, Yuan Y, Hou W, Hua B, Guo Q. Breast cancer prognosis and P-cadherin expression: systematic review and study-level meta-analysis. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2022; 12:e893-e905. [PMID: 32943470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P-cadherin can act both as a tumour suppressor and an oncogene. The clinical prognostic value of P-cadherin overexpression in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. We conducted a study-level meta-analysis to determine whether P-cadherin expression can help predict prognosis in BC. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to review eligible studies and clarify the relationship between P-cadherin overexpression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), pathological features, molecular subtypes and molecular phenotypes in BC. RESULTS Thirty-one studies including 12 332 patients were included. P-cadherin overexpression was correlated with significantly worse OS (HR=1.77, p<0.00001) and DFS (HR=1.96, p<0.00001) than P-cadherin-negative. P-cadherin overexpression could lead to high histological grade (OR=3.33, p<0.00001) and lymph node metastasis (OR=1.62, p<0.00001). Moreover, P-cadherin overexpression was associated with low odds of the luminal A subtype and high odds of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative subtypes. P-cadherin expression led to low expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptor (OR=0.37 and OR=0.36, respectively, both p<0.00001) and high expression of HER2 (OR=2.31, p<0.00001), Ki-67 (OR=2.79, p<0.00001), epidermal growth factor receptor (OR=5.85, p<0.00001) and cytokeratin 5/6 (OR=6.79, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS P-cadherin was found to be associated with invasiveness and metastasis. P-cadherin expression can probably be a useful biomarker for predicting poor survival and may act as an independent prognostic predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyin Lin
- Administrative Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuntai Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yao
- First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pneumology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Increased expression of P-cadherin is an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:301-313. [PMID: 31664550 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Liu M, Tsang JYS, Lee M, Ni YB, Chan SK, Cheung SY, Hu J, Hu H, Tse GMK. CD147 expression is associated with poor overall survival in chemotherapy treated triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:1007-1014. [PMID: 30099407 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In breast cancer models, the functional roles of CD147 in proliferation, invasion and treatment resistance have been widely reported. However, there are only a few studies examining the clinicopathological correlation and prognostic relevance of CD147 in breast cancer, especially in relation to breast cancer molecular subtypes. METHODS In this study, we analysed CD147 expression in a large cohort of breast cancers, correlating with clinicopathological features and the expression of a comprehensive panel of biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC subsets. Its relationship with patients' survival was also analysed. RESULTS CD147 was expressed in 11.9%(140/1174) of all cases and in 23.8% (40/168) of TNBC. The expression was associated with tumour histological subtypes (p=0.01) and most commonly seen in carcinoma with medullary features (26.0%). CD147 expression correlated with high tumour grade, presence of necrosis and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) subtype, high Ki67 and expression of some other basal markers and stem-like markers. CD147 expression was also associated with poor overall survival in chemotherapy treated patients with TNBC. CONCLUSIONS CD147 is a putative marker in identifying TNBC or BLBC, and may be useful as a prognosis indicator for patients with TNBC or BLBC post chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xin-Jiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Julia Y S Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michelle Lee
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Bi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Ki Chan
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Lou L, Yu Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao Y. c-Src inhibitor selectively inhibits triple-negative breast cancer overexpressed Vimentin in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1648-1659. [PMID: 29575318 PMCID: PMC5980174 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene c‐Src has been found to be a potential target for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the therapeutic effects of the c‐Src inhibitor on TNBC patients are controversial compared to those on cell lines. The molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of the c‐Src inhibitor on TNBC remain unclear. Herein, we showed that a specific c‐Src inhibitor, PP2, was effective in inhibiting phosphorylation of c‐Src in 4 cell lines: T‐47D, SK‐BR‐3, SUM1315MO2, and MDA‐MB‐231, regardless of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression levels. Giving PP2 preferentially reduced the S phase of cell cycles and inhibited colony formation in SUM1315MO2 and MDA‐MB‐231, but not in SK‐BR‐3 and T‐47D cells. Furthermore, PP2 effectively blocked cell migration/invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TNBC cell lines, SUM1315MO2 and MDA‐MB‐231. An EMT biomarker, vimentin, was highly expressed in 2 TNBC cell lines when they were compared with SK‐BR‐3 and T‐47D cells. Further depletion of vimentin by shRNA remarkably attenuated the inhibitory effects of the c‐Src inhibitor on TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo, indicating a crucial action of vimentin to affect the function of c‐Src in TNBC. This study provides an important rationale for the clinic to precisely select TNBC patients who would benefit from c‐Src inhibitor treatment. This finding suggests that traditional markers for TNBC are not sufficient to precisely define this aggressive type of cancer. Vimentin is identified as an important biomarker to enable categorization of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longquan Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Di Domenico M, Giordano A. Signal transduction growth factors: the effective governance of transcription and cellular adhesion in cancer invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36869-36884. [PMID: 28415812 PMCID: PMC5482705 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Giulio Bizzozero classified the tissues concerning their capacity to self-renew during the adult life in labile, stable and permanent tissues. In 1940 Viktor Hamburger and Rita Levi Montalcini exposed the possibility to induce the growth of permanent cells thanks to a specific ligand Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). Stanley Cohen purified a protein the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), able to induce epidermis proliferation and to elicit precocious eye disclosure and teeth eruption, establishing the “inverse” relationships between the proliferation and differentiation. These two biological effects induced by EGF were according to EGFR signaling is involved in a large array of cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration and differentiation. This review is focused on the key role of growth factors signaling and their downstream effectors in physiological and in pathological phenomena, the authors highlight the governance of Growth factors during the EMT in cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy.,IRCCS Institute of Women's Health Malzoni Clinic, Avellino, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Yeung KT, Yang J. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor metastasis. Mol Oncol 2016; 11:28-39. [PMID: 28085222 PMCID: PMC5242415 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program that enables stationary epithelial cells to gain the ability to migrate and invade as single cells. Tumor cells reactivate EMT to acquire molecular alterations that enable the partial loss of epithelial features and partial gain of a mesenchymal phenotype. Our understanding of the contribution of EMT to tumor invasion, migration, and metastatic outgrowth has evolved over the past decade. In this review, we provide a summary of both historic and recent studies on the role of EMT in the metastatic cascade from various experimental systems, including cancer cell lines, genetic mouse tumor models, and clinical human breast cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay T Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020013. [PMID: 26821054 PMCID: PMC4773769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and distant site metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cell progression, invasion, and metastasis. During the process of EMT, epithelial cancer cells acquire molecular alternations that facilitate the loss of epithelial features and gain of mesenchymal phenotype. Such transformation promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that EMT is associated with the increased enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and these CSCs display mesenchymal characteristics that are resistant to chemotherapy and target therapy. However, the clinical relevance of EMT in human cancer is still under debate. This review will provide an overview of current evidence of EMT from studies using clinical human breast cancer tissues and its associated challenges.
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9
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Dine JL, O'Sullivan CC, Voeller D, Greer YE, Chavez KJ, Conway CM, Sinclair S, Stone B, Amiri-Kordestani L, Merchant AS, Hewitt SM, Steinberg SM, Swain SM, Lipkowitz S. The TRAIL receptor agonist drozitumab targets basal B triple-negative breast cancer cells that express vimentin and Axl. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:235-51. [PMID: 26759246 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that GST-tagged tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand preferentially killed triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with a mesenchymal phenotype by activating death receptor 5 (DR5). The purpose of this study was to explore the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to drozitumab, a clinically tested DR5-specific agonist; identify potential biomarkers of drozitumab-sensitive breast cancer cells; and determine if those biomarkers were present in tumors from patients with TNBC. We evaluated viability, caspase activity, and sub-G1 DNA content in drozitumab-treated breast cancer cell lines and we characterized expression of potential biomarkers by immunoblot. Expression levels of vimentin and Axl were then explored in 177 TNBC samples from a publically available cDNA microarray dataset and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor tissue samples obtained from 53 African-American women with TNBC. Drozitumab-induced apoptosis in mesenchymal TNBC cell lines but not in cell lines from other breast cancer subtypes. The drozitumab-sensitive TNBC cell lines expressed the mesenchymal markers vimentin and Axl. Vimentin and Axl mRNA and protein were expressed in a subset of human TNBC tumors. By IHC, ~15 % of TNBC tumors had vimentin and Axl expression in the top quartile for both. These findings indicate that drozitumab-sensitive mesenchymal TNBC cells express vimentin and Axl, which can be identified in a subset of human TNBC tumors. Thus, vimentin and Axl may be useful to identify TNBC patients who would be most likely to benefit from a DR5 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Dine
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ciara C O'Sullivan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoshimi E Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn J Chavez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine M Conway
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Sinclair
- Washington Cancer Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brandon Stone
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laleh Amiri-Kordestani
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anand S Merchant
- Center for Cancer Research Bioinformatics Core, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics & Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandra M Swain
- Washington Cancer Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 4B54, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Chen LY, Tsang JYS, Ni YB, Chan SK, Chan KF, Zhang S, Tse GM. Bcl2 and Ki67 refine prognostication in luminal breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 149:631-43. [PMID: 25648135 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combined B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and Ki67 expression for breast cancer prognostication has been proposed recently. However, the combinatorial relationship with patient outcome, clinico-pathologic features, and various biomarkers has not been fully explored. Bcl2 and Ki67 expression were examined in a large cohort of breast cancers. Differential Bcl2 and Ki67 combinatorial analysis, particularly in luminal cancers, were evaluated with respect to the clinico-pathologic features, biomarkers profile and outcome. Combined Bcl2/Ki67 phenotypes classified by Bcl2 and Ki67 cutoffs showed a better correlation with outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed this to be an independent prognostic factor in luminal cancers. Both Ki67 and Bcl2 contributed to the prognostic implications of different subgroups defined by Bcl2/Ki67 combination phenotypes with clinico-pathologic features and biomarkers profile. Ki67low/Bcl2high cases showed better DFS (HR = 2.17, P = 0.015) and OS (HR = 3.217, P = 0.015) compared to Ki67high/Bcl2low cases. Interestingly, Ki67low/Bcl2high cases also showed better outcome than other phenotypes in grade 2 cancers (log-rank = 4.844, P = 0.028) and TNM stage 2 cancers (log-rank = 8.161, P = 0.004). This classification by Bcl2/Ki67 combination phenotypes, together with PR expression, can also refine luminal A cancers prognostication. Not all PR low luminal A cases had poorer outcome compared to the PR high luminal A cases; poor prognosis was only limited to those with also low Bcl2 (log-rank = 23.568, P < 0.001 compared to PR high Bcl2 high cases). The combined Ki67/Bcl2 phenotyping was useful in luminal cancers prognostication. It also refined prognostication in intermediate groups (grade 2 and stage 2 cancers) of luminal cancers; and aided in further classification of luminal A cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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11
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Becuwe P, Ennen M, Klotz R, Barbieux C, Grandemange S. Manganese superoxide dismutase in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms of gene regulation to biological and clinical significance. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:139-51. [PMID: 25224035 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies of all cancers in women worldwide. Many difficulties reside in the prediction of tumor metastatic progression because of the lack of sufficiently reliable predictive biological markers, and this is a permanent preoccupation for clinicians. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) may represent a rational candidate as a predictive biomarker of breast tumor metastatic progression, because its gene expression is profoundly altered between early and advanced breast cancer, in contrast to expression in the normal mammary gland. In this review, we report the characterization of some gene polymorphisms and molecular mechanisms of SOD2 gene regulation, which allows a better understanding of how MnSOD is decreased in early breast cancer and increased in advanced breast cancer. Several studies display the biological significance of MnSOD level in proliferation as well as in invasive and angiogenic abilities of breast tumor cells by controlling superoxide anion radical (O2(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Particularly, they report how these reactive oxygen species may activate some signaling pathways involved in breast tumor growth. Emerging understanding of these findings provides an interesting framework for guiding translational research and suggests a way to define precisely the clinical interest of MnSOD as a prognostic and/or predicting marker in breast cancer, by associating with some regulators involved in SOD2 gene regulation and other well-known biomarkers, in addition to the typical clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Becuwe
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Marie Ennen
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Rémi Klotz
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Claire Barbieux
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Grandemange
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, UMR 7039 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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