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Chang CS, Shim JI, Byeon SJ, Lee EJ, Lee YY, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Kim BG, Choi CH. Prognostic Significance of HER3 Expression in Patients with Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092139. [PMID: 35565268 PMCID: PMC9104480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HER3 has been recognized to have an oncogenic role in various types of cancer. However, its prognostic significance has not been elucidated in cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of HER3 expression in cervical cancer using immunohistochemistry (IHC). HER3 immunohistochemical staining was performed on the tumor tissue samples of 336 cervical cancer patients. The association between the clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival analysis was assessed according to HER3 expression. HER3 IHC staining was positive in 31.0% (104/336) of the cervical cancer patients. A higher proportion of adeno-/adenosquamous carcinoma was observed in the HER3-positive group (34.6%) than in the HER3-negative group (18.8%). In survival analysis, HER3 expression was significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis also indicated that HER3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42−4.67, p = 0.002) and OS (HR = 3.21, 95% CI, 1.26−8.14, p = 0.014). HER3 protein expression was a poor prognostic factor of survival in patients with cervical cancer. This finding could help to provide individualized management for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Son Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Jung In Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwasung 18450, Korea;
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-3545; Fax: +82-2-3410-0630
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Paik ES, Chang CS, Chae YL, Oh SY, Byeon SJ, Kim CJ, Lee YY, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Kim BG, Choi CH. Prognostic Relevance of BRCA1 Expression in Survival of Patients With Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770103. [PMID: 34820332 PMCID: PMC8606581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective BRCA1 expression can be lost by a variety of mechanisms including germline or somatic mutation and promotor hypermethylation. Given the potential importance of BRCA1 loss as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in several cancers, the objective of this study was to investigate BRCA1 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cervical cancer and its possible prognostic relevance. Methods Seventy patients with cervical cancer were enrolled in this study. Samples from each tumor were stained for BRCA1 and reviewed independently by gynecologic pathologists blinded to the BRCA status. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival according to BRCA1 expression. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by BRCA1 expression were selected using GSE44001 dataset, which included 300 samples treated with radical hysterectomy. In addition, cox regression analysis with backward elimination was performed to select independent prognostic markers. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was done using these DEGs. Results BRCA1 IHC was positive in 62.9% (44/70) of cases. Patients with BRCA1 expression showed better overall survival (100% vs. 76.2%, HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 - 0.99, p = 0.028) than those without BRCA1 expression. Analysis of gene expression profiles according to BRCA1 expression identified 321 differentially expressed mRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis results showed two dysregulated pathways (VEGF_A_UP.V1_DN and E2F1_UP.V1_UP). Of these DEGs, alterations of 20 gene signatures were found to be independently associated with survival outcomes of patients. Conclusions BRCA1 expression in cervical cancer tissue is associated with survival. In addition, the identification of specific gene alterations associated with BRCA1 expression could help to provide individualized prediction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sun Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Son Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Lin Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Chul Jung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jeong SY, Chung JY, Byeon SJ, Kim CJ, Lee YY, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Kim BG, Chae YL, Oh SY, Choi CH. Validation of Potential Protein Markers Predicting Chemoradioresistance in Early Cervical Cancer by Immunohistochemistry. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665595. [PMID: 34350111 PMCID: PMC8327183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous study, a proteomic panel consisting of BCL-2, HER2, CD133, CAIX, and ERCC1 significantly predicted survival in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. However, the prognostic significance of these proteins has not been assessed in early cervical cancer. The present study investigated the clinical significance and chemoradioresistance prediction power of these proteins in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Materials and Methods BCL-2, HER2, CD133, CAIX, and ERCC1 expression was determined by the immunohistochemical staining of 336 cervical cancer tissue microarrays. The associations of these proteins with clinicopathologic characteristics and disease progression were assessed. Results There was a trend of low CAIX expression (p=0.082) and high ERCC1 expression (p=0.059) in patients with a favorable response to adjuvant radiation. High HER2 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in the total group (5-year DFS of 80.1% vs. 92.2%, p=0.004). A prognostic significance remained in multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio, HR=2.10, p=0.029). In the adjuvant radiation group, low CAIX and high ERCC1 expression indicated significantly unfavorable DFS (75.0% vs. 89.0%, p=0.026 and 76.8% vs. 88.6%, p=0.022, respectively). Low CAIX expression remained an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analysis (HR=0.45, p=0.037). The combined molecular-clinical model using random survival forest method predicted DFS with improved power compared with that of the clinical variable model (C-index 0.77 vs. 0.71, p=0.006). Conclusion HER2, CAIX, and ERCC1 expression can be predictive protein markers for clinical outcomes in early cervical cancer patients treated primarily with radical surgery with or without adjuvant radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Jeong
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Departments of Pathology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Chul Jung Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Lin Chae
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Oh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lu H, Shi C, Liu X, Liang C, Yang C, Wan X, Li L, Liu Y. Identification of ZG16B as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 16:1-13. [PMID: 33336077 PMCID: PMC7718615 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zymogen granule protein 16B (ZG16B) has been identified in various cancers, while so far the association between ZG16B and breast cancer hasn’t been explored. Our aim is to confirm whether it can serve as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. In this study, Oncomine, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Ualcan, and STRING database analyses were conducted to detect the expression level of ZG16B in breast cancer with different types. Kaplan–Meier plotter was used to analyze the prognosis of patients with high or low expression of ZG16B. We found that ZG16B was significantly upregulated in breast cancer. Moreover, ZG16B was closely associated with foregone biomarkers and crucial factors in breast cancer. In the survival analysis, high expression of ZG16B represents a favorable prognosis in patients. Our work demonstrates the latent capacity of ZG16B to be a biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chunying Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chen Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaochao Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xueqi Wan
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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5
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Escudero-Paniagua B, Bartolomé RA, Rodríguez S, De Los Ríos V, Pintado L, Jaén M, Lafarga M, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Casal JI. PAUF/ZG16B promotes colorectal cancer progression through alterations of the mitotic functions and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:203-213. [PMID: 31095674 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF), also known as ZG16B, was previously found in the secretome of metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated the presence of PAUF at the intracellular level and its multiple effects on cancer progression. An initial decline of PAUF expression was observed at early stages of colorectal cancer followed by an increase at the metastatic site. PAUF was located at different cellular compartments: membrane-associated vesicles, endosomes, microtubule-associated vesicles, cell growth cones and the cell nucleus. PAUF loss in two colorectal cancer cell lines caused severe alterations in the cell phenotype and cell cycle, including tetraploidy, extensive genomic alterations, micronuclei and increased apoptosis. An exhaustive analysis of the PAUF interactome using different proteomic approaches revealed the presence of multiple components of the cell cycle, mitotic checkpoint, Wnt pathway and intracellular transport. Among the interacting proteins we found ZW10, a moonlighting protein with a dual function in membrane trafficking and mitosis. In addition, PAUF silencing was associated to APC loss and increased β-catenin nuclear expression. Altogether, our results suggest that PAUF depletion increases aneuploidy, promotes apoptosis and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer cells facilitating cancer progression. In summary, PAUF behaves as a multifunctional protein, with different roles in cancer progression according to the extra- or intracellular expression, suggesting a therapeutic value for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Rodríguez
- Molecular Cytogenetics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian De Los Ríos
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pintado
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Jaén
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Lupi LA, Cucielo MS, Silveira HS, Gaiotte LB, Cesário RC, Seiva FRF, de Almeida Chuffa LG. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. Life Sci 2020; 247:117435. [PMID: 32081661 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors related to inflammation and tumorigenesis. Among all subtypes, the TLR4 is a highly described transmembrane protein involved in the inflammatory process. The TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway has been implicated in oncogenic events in several tissues and is associated with survival of patients. Through activation, TLR4 recruits adaptor proteins, i.e., MyD88 or TRIF, to triggers canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways that result in distinct immune responses. In most cancer cells, uncontrolled TLR4 signaling modifies the tumor microenvironment to proliferate and evade immune surveillance. By contrast, TLR4 activation can produce antitumor activities, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing the proper immune response. We review herein recent approaches on the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway and discuss potential candidates for gynecological cancer therapies; among these agents, natural and synthetic compounds have been tested both in vitro and in vivo. Since TLR4 ligands have been investigated as effective immune-adjuvants in the context of these aggressive malignancies, we described how TLR4 signaling controls part of the tumor-related inflammatory process and which are the new targeting molecules implicated in the regulation of tumorigenicity in ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Antonio Lupi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Spaulonci Silveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Barbosa Gaiotte
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Carvalho Cesário
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Kim J, Chung JY, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Kim BG, Bae DS, Choi CH, Hewitt SM. Genomic Network-Based Analysis Reveals Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Up-Regulating Factor-Related Prognostic Markers in Cervical Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:465. [PMID: 30406031 PMCID: PMC6206228 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that PAUF is involved in tumor development and metastases in cervical cancer. This study was conducted to discover novel molecular markers linked with PAUF in cervical cancer using genomic network analysis and to assess their prognostic value in cervical cancer. Three PAUF-related genes were identified using in-silico network-based analysis of the open genome datasets. To assess the expression of these genes and their relationship to the outcome of cervical cancer, immunohistochemical analysis was performed using cervical cancer TMA. The associations of the identified proteins with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were examined. AGR2, BRD7, and POM121 were identified as interconnected with PAUF through in-silico network-based analysis. AGR2 (r = 0.213, p < 0.001) and POM121 (r = 0.135, p = 0.013) protein expression were positively correlated with PAUF. BRD7High and AGR2Low were significantly associated with favorable disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively), and in combination with PAUFHigh, even more significantly favorable DFS observed (p < 0.001 for both). In multivariate analysis, AGR2High (HR = 3.16, p = 0.01) and BRD7High (HR = 0.5, p = 0.025) showed independent prognostic value for DFS. In a random survival forest (RSF) model, the combined clinical and molecular variable model predicted DFS with significantly improved power compared with that of the clinical variable model (C-index of 0.79 vs. 0.75, p < 0.001). In conclusion, AGR2 and BRD7 expression have prognostic significance in cervical cancer and provide opportunities for improved treatment options. Genomic network-based approaches using the cBioPortal may facilitate the discovery of additional biomarkers for the prognosis of cervical cancer and may provide new insights into the biology of cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Choi CH, Kang TH, Song JS, Kim YS, Chung EJ, Ylaya K, Kim S, Koh SS, Chung JY, Kim JH, Hewitt SM. Elevated expression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) is associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12161. [PMID: 30111860 PMCID: PMC6093878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) is a ligand of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and has been reported to be involved in pancreatic tumor development. However, the significance of PAUF expression in epithelial ovarian cancer remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the possible clinical significance of PAUF in epithelial ovarian cancer. We examined the link between PAUF and TLR4 in ovarian cancer cell lines. Recombinant PAUF induced cell activation and proliferation in ovarian cancer cell lines, whereas PAUF knockdown inhibited these properties. Subsequently, we assessed PAUF and TLR4 expression by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray of 408 ovarian samples ranging from normal to metastatic. PAUF expression positively correlated with TLR4 expression. Overexpression of PAUF was associated with high-grade tumor (p = 0.014) and chemoresistant tumor (p = 0.017). Similarly, high expression of TLR4 correlated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.002) and chemoresistant tumor (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that PAUFhigh, TLR4high, and PAUFhigh/TLR4high expression are independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival, while TLR4high and PAUFhigh/TLR4high expression were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Our results suggest that PAUF has a role in ovarian cancer progression and is a potential prognostic marker and novel chemotherapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chel Hun Choi
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Heung Kang
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seokho Kim
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Song H, Song J, Kim YJ, Jeong HH, Min HJ, Koh SS. DCPP1 is the mouse ortholog of human PAUF that possesses functional analogy in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1498-1503. [PMID: 28988106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) plays a major role in tumor progression and metastasis by autocrine and paracrine manners. However, underlying molecular mechanism of PAUF functioning in pancreatic cancer are not fully understood yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of demilune cell and parotid protein 1 (DCPP1) as a putative mouse ortholog of human PAUF by sequence alignment and functional studies. Overexpression of mouse DCPP1 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or pancreatic cancer cells increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion ability in vitro. Treatment of human pancreatic cancer cells with recombinant mouse DCPP1 elevated cell growth, motility, invasiveness, and adhesiveness. Mouse DCPP1 exerted its function on pancreatic cancer cells by activating intracellular signaling pathways involved in aggressive cancer phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, subcutaneous injection of mice with DCPP1-overexpressing CHO cells increased tumor sizes. Taken together, we conclude that mouse DCPP1 is a multifunctional promoter of tumor growth through functional activation of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting it to be an ortholog of human PAUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayne Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jinhoi Song
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Hee Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Min
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.
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Sasahira T, Kurihara M, Nishiguchi Y, Nakashima C, Kirita T, Kuniyasu H. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor has oncogenic functions in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2016; 70:539-548. [PMID: 27706833 DOI: 10.1111/his.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor (PAUF) is a novel secretory protein which promotes tumour progression, metastasis and poor prognosis in pancreatic, cervical and colorectal carcinoma. It is also associated with gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. However, the expression and function of PAUF in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of PAUF in 222 clinicopathologically characterized cases of OSCC. We also investigated the growth, invasion, apoptosis induction and cisplatin resistance of OSCC cells under PAUF knockdown treatment. PAUF was localized in normal salivary glands. In OSCC, immunostaining for PAUF was found in 52 of 222 patients (23.4%), and correlated with nodal metastasis (P < 0.0001) and poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model identified that PAUF expression was an independent predictor of disease-free survival in OSCC (P < 0.0001). The down-regulation of PAUF in OSCC cells suppressed cell growth and invasion and induced apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PAUF has tumour-promoting functions in OSCC. It may thus be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic marker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Miyako Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Chie Nakashima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Choi CH, Chung JY, Chung EJ, Sears JD, Lee JW, Bae DS, Hewitt SM. Prognostic significance of annexin A2 and annexin A4 expression in patients with cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:448. [PMID: 27402115 PMCID: PMC4940752 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annexins (ANXs) have diverse roles in tumor development and progression, however, their clinical significance in cervical cancer has not been elucidated. The present study was to investigate the clinical significance of annexin A2 (ANXA2) and annexin A4 (ANXA4) expression in cervical cancer. METHODS ANXA2 and ANXA4 immunohistochemical staining were performed on a cervical cancer tissue microarray consisting of 46 normal cervical epithelium samples and 336 cervical cancer cases and compared the data with clinicopathological variables, including the survival of cervical cancer patients. RESULTS ANXA2 expression was lower in cancer tissue (p = 0.002), whereas ANXA4 staining increased significantly in cancer tissues (p < 0.001). ANXA2 expression was more prominent in squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001), whereas ANXA4 was more highly expressed in adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma (p < 0.001). ANXA2 overexpression was positively correlated with advanced cancer phenotypes, whereas ANXA4 expression was associated with resistance to radiation with or without chemotherapy (p = 0.029). Notably, high ANXA2 and ANXA4 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.004 and p = 0.033, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that ANXA2+ (HR = 2.72, p = 0.003) and ANXA2+/ANXA4+ (HR = 2.69, p = 0.039) are independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival in cervical cancer. Furthermore, a random survival forest model using combined ANXA2, ANXA4, and clinical variables resulted in improved predictive power (mean C-index, 0.76) compared to that of clinical-variable-only models (mean C-index, 0.70) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that detecting ANXA2 and ANXA4 expression may aid the evaluation of cervical carcinoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chel Hun Choi
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John D Sears
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Choi CH, Chung JY, Kim JH, Kim BG, Hewitt SM. Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor family members is associated with prognosis in early stage cervical cancer patients. J Transl Med 2016; 14:124. [PMID: 27154171 PMCID: PMC4859953 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oncogenic role of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) has been recognized in a number of different cancer types. However, the prognostic significance of FGFRs has not been elucidated yet in cervical cancer. In the present study, we investigate the expression of FGFRs and their prognostic value in cervical cancer patients. Methods FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in conjunction with quantitative digital image analysis of 336 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical cancer tissues and 61 normal cervical tissues, as well as NCI60 cell microarray. Subsequently, the association between clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival was assessed. Results FGFRs proteins were differentially expressed in the NCI60 cell line panel and showed considerable correlation between protein and mRNA expression. The expression of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4 were higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues, whereas the expression of FGFR3 was higher in normal tissues. FGFR1 was highly expressed in adeno-/adenosquamous carcinoma (P = 0.020), while FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4 expression were more prominent in squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.020, respectively). FGFR2 expression was significantly higher in small sized tumors (P = 0.020). Additionally, high FGFR2 and FGFR4 were correlated with negative lymph node metastasis (P = 0.048 and P = 0.040, respectively). FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 were highly expressed in tumors without parametrial involvement (P = 0.030, P = 0.005, and P = 0.010, respectively). In survival analysis, high expressions of FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4 was associated with longer disease-free survival (P = 0.006, P = 0.035, P = 0.001, respectively) and overall survival (P = 0.003, P = 0.002, P = 0.003, respectively). Notably, the co-expression of all three FGFRs was significantly associated with favorable disease-free survival (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P < 0.001), compared to the negative expressions of the three FGFRs. The prognostic significance persisted in the cox regression analysis. Conclusions The frequent expression of members of the FGFR family in cervical cancer suggests they may have prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0874-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chel Hun Choi
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 135-720, Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Silencing pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7555-64. [PMID: 26684804 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) is a new oncogene that activates signaling pathways that play a critical role in resistance to gemcitabine. We thus speculated that PAUF also plays a role in resistance to gemcitabine of pancreatic cancer cells. We established BxPC-3 cell lines with stable PAUF knockdown (BxPC-3_shPAUF) and controls (BxPC-3_shCtrl) and evaluated sensitivity to gemcitabine in vitro by MTT and flow cytometry. We established a xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer to examine PAUF function in gemcitabine resistance in vivo. Gene chip microarrays were performed to identify differentially expressed genes in BxPC-3_shPAUF and BxPC-3_shCtrl cells. Silencing PAUF increased the sensitivity of BxPC-3 cells to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo. PAUF-knockdown BxPC-3 cell lines treated with gemcitabine showed increased proliferation inhibition and apoptosis compared with controls. Gemcitabine exhibited a more pronounced effect on reduction of BxPC-3_shPAUF tumors than BxPC-3_shCtrl tumors. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assays confirmed a significantly higher apoptotic rate of BXPC-3_shPAUF tumors compared with BXPC-3_shCtrl tumors. Gene array showed that PAUF function in gemcitabine sensitivity might involve MRP2, MRP3, MDR1, PIK3R1, and NFkB2 genes. PAUF could be considered as a key molecular target for sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.
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