1
|
Yuan L, Liu G, Zhao D, Zhu H, Qi J, Lu K. Interaction of p53 with BRC analogs: A comparative design assisted by ZDOCK and CABS-Dock simulation. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
2
|
Li J, Liu B, Ye Q, Xiao X, Yan S, Guan W, He L, Wang C, Yu Z, Tai Z, Pei S, Ma Y, Li S, Wang Y, Wu N. Comprehensive genomic analysis of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus reveals similar genetic patterns compared with epithelium-associated melanomas. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1596-1608. [PMID: 35688970 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is an exceedingly rare disease with a poor prognosis. The etiology of PMME remains largely unknown and genetic characteristics are yet to be clarified, essential for identifying potential therapeutic targets and defining treatment guidelines. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 47 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 18 patients with PMME, including 23 tumor samples, 6 metastatic lymph nodes, and 18 tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The genomic features of PMME were comprehensively characterized, and comparative genomic analysis was further performed between these specimens and 398 skin cutaneous melanomas (SKCM), 67 non-esophagus mucosal melanomas (NEMM), and 79 uveal melanomas (UVM). In the PMME cohort, recurrently mutated driver genes, such as MUC16, RANBP2, NRAS, TP53, PTPRT, NF1, MUC4, KMT2C, and BRAF, were identified. All RANBP2 mutations were putatively deleterious, and most affected samples had multipoint mutations. Furthermore, RANBP2 showed parallel evolution by multiregional analysis. Whole-genome doubling was an early truncal event that occurred before most driver mutations, except for in TP53. An ultraviolet radiation-related mutational signature, SBS38, was identified as specific to epithelial melanomas and could predict inferior survival outcomes in both PMME and SKCM patients. Comparing the mutational and copy number landscapes between PMME and other subtypes of melanoma revealed that PMME has a similar genomic pattern and biological characteristics to SKCM. In summary, we comprehensively defined the key genomic aberrations and mutational processes driving PMME and suggested for the first time that PMME may share similar genomic patterns with SKCM; therefore, patients with rare melanomas, such as PMME, may benefit from the current treatment used for common cutaneous melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- The Precision Medicine Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wenyan Guan
- The Pathology Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu He
- The Pathology Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaixian Tai
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Shimei Pei
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chatterjee C, Singh SK. Peptide and protein chemistry approaches to study the tumor suppressor protein p53. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5500-5509. [PMID: 35786742 PMCID: PMC10112546 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor and master gene regulator protein p53 has been the subject of intense investigation for several decades due to its mutation in about half of all human cancers. However, mechanistic studies of p53 in cells are complicated by its many dynamic binding partners and heterogeneous post-translational modifications. The design of therapeutics that rescue p53 functions in cells requires a mechanistic understanding of its protein-protein interactions in specific protein complexes and identifying changes in p53 activity by diverse post-translational modifications. This review highlights the important roles that peptide and protein chemistry have played in biophysical and biochemical studies aimed at elucidating p53 regulation by several key binding partners. The design of various peptide inhibitors that rescue p53 function in cells and new opportunities in targeting p53-protein interactions are discussed. In addition, the review highlights the importance of a protein semisynthesis approach to comprehend the role of site-specific PTMs in p53 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Champak Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Sumeet K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sina F, Cassani C, Comerio C, De Ponti E, Zanellini F, Delle Marchette M, Roversi G, Jaconi M, Arbustini E, Urtis M, Dell'Oro C, Zambetti B, Paniga C, Acampora E, Negri S, Lazzarin S, Cesari S, Spinillo A, Kotsopoulos J, Fruscio R. Tubal histopathological abnormalities in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers undergoing prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy: a case-control study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 32:41-47. [PMID: 34845040 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe tubal histopathological abnormalities in women with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and in controls. METHODS Consecutive women with BRCA1/2 mutations undergoing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy between 2010 and 2020 in two centers (San Gerardo Hospital, Monza and San Matteo Hospital, Pavia) were considered in this analysis and compared with controls who had the same surgical procedure for benign conditions. Frequency of p53 signature, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, and high-grade serous ovarian cancer were compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 194 women with pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations underwent prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy. Of these, 138 women (71%) had a completely negative histological examination, while in 56 (29%) patients an ovarian or tubal alteration was reported. Among controls, 84% of patients had a p53wt signature, while 16% had a p53 signature. There was no difference in the frequency of a p53 signature between cases and controls; however, women with BRCA1/2 mutations were more likely to have pre-malignant or invasive alterations of tubal or ovarian epithelium (p=0.015). Among mutation carriers, older age both at genetic testing and at surgery was associated with an increased risk of having malignancies (OR=1.07, p=0.006 and OR=1.08, p=0.004, respectively). The risk of malignancy seems to be increased in patients with a familial history of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Previous therapy with tamoxifen was significantly more frequent in patients with malignant lesions (40.0% vs 21.3%, p=0.006). CONCLUSION We found that a p53 signature is a frequent finding both in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and in controls, while pre-invasive and invasive lesions are more frequent in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Genetic and clinical characteristics are likely to affect the progression to malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sina
- Department of Surgery, Gynecological Surgery Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassani
- Gynecology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Chiara Comerio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Elena De Ponti
- Department of Physical Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Zanellini
- Gynecology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Gaia Roversi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Unit of Genetics, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Jaconi
- Department of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Mario Urtis
- Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy.,Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Dell'Oro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Zambetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Cristiana Paniga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Acampora
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Serena Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Sara Lazzarin
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesari
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Gynecology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Department of Surgery, Gynecological Surgery Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Lombardia, Italy .,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sumiya R, Ito K, Takemura N, Miyazaki H, Arakawa R, Kato N, Aozasa N, Mihara F, Kokudo N. Seventeen primary malignant neoplasms involving the skin, ovary, esophagus, colon, oral cavity, and ear canal: a case report and review of the literature. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:980-987. [PMID: 34019222 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Multiple primary malignant neoplasm (MPMN) is a rare disease with two or more malignant neoplasms in one patient. In less than 0.1% of cancer patients, four or more occur. MPMN is frequently associated with hereditary cancer syndrome, although in rare cases, it is not. A female patient developed 17 MPMNs. Although they were successfully treated with surgery, radiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient died from the recurrence of ovarian cancer. To explore genetic susceptibility to MPMN, immunohistochemical analysis, microsatellite instability analysis, germ line exome sequencing, and unscheduled DNA synthesis assays were performed. However, the results of immunohistochemical analysis and microsatellite instability indicated that there were no known hereditary cancer syndromes, and exome sequencing with 88 representative genes associated with hereditary cancer syndrome revealed no variants. An unscheduled DNA synthesis assay to rule out xeroderma pigmentosum was also performed, but the result was negative. While the presence of multiple neoplasms is rare, the present case represents 17 primary neoplasms with no associations with hereditary cancer syndrome. Although the cause of MPMN was not detected in this patient, careful follow-up and deliberate cancer screening enabled successful disease management over 17 years from the appearance of the first neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sumiya
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kyoji Ito
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takemura
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Hideki Miyazaki
- Pathology Division of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Arakawa
- Medical Genomics Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Medical Genomics Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiko Aozasa
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Mihara
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghezelayagh TS, Pennington KP, Norquist BM, Khasnavis N, Radke MR, Kilgore MR, Garcia RL, Lee M, Katz R, Leslie KK, Risques RA, Swisher EM. Characterizing TP53 mutations in ovarian carcinomas with and without concurrent BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 160:786-792. [PMID: 33375991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene are common in ovarian carcinoma (OC) but their impact on outcomes is controversial. We sought to define the relationship of TP53 mutations to cancer outcomes and their interactions with co-occurrent BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations, comparing three different TP53 mutation classification schemes. METHODS We performed next generation sequencing on 393 cases of OC prospectively followed for survival. TP53 mutations were classified according to three schemes termed Structural, Functional, and Hotspot. Mutation distribution was compared between cases with and without BRCA mutations. In a subset of 281 cases of high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), overall survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves, logrank testing, and multivariate Cox regression analysis, both stratified and adjusted for BRCA mutation status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of TP53 mutation type on platinum resistance. RESULTS TP53 mutations were identified in 76.8% of the total cohort (n = 302/393) and 87.9% of HGSC (n = 247/281). Cases with BRCA mutations demonstrated significantly higher TP53 mutation frequency overall (n = 84/91, 92.3% vs. n = 218/302, 72.2%, p < 0.001). TP53 mutations were not associated with overall survival, even when stratified by BRCA mutation. TP53 mutations were associated with platinum sensitivity, even after adjusting for BRCA mutation status (OR 0.41, p = 0.048). The choice of TP53 mutation classification scheme was not found to alter any significant outcome. CONCLUSIONS BRCA mutations significantly co-occur with TP53 mutations. After adjusting for BRCA mutations, TP53 mutations are associated with platinum sensitivity, and this effect is not dependent on TP53 mutation type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talayeh S Ghezelayagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Kathryn P Pennington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara M Norquist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nithisha Khasnavis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc R Radke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark R Kilgore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rochelle L Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ming Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ronit Katz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rosa Ana Risques
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao D, Lu K, Liu G, Ma L, Zhu H, He J. Design and synthesis of
BRC
analogous peptides and their interactions with a key p53 peptide. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3438-3445. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Kui Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Food Science Zhengzhou Institute of Technology China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Hanjing Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Juan He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang L, Wang J, Fan Y, Yu K, Jiao B, Su X. Hsa_circ_0046264 up-regulated BRCA2 to suppress lung cancer through targeting hsa-miR-1245. Respir Res 2018; 19:115. [PMID: 29891014 PMCID: PMC5996480 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Lung cancer had been leading mounts of deaths worldwide. Advances in genes microarray had helped human further understand genes and identify novel circular RNAs. This study aimed at investigating the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of hsa_circ_0046264 in lung cancer which may be helpful in lung cancer early diagnosis and clinical treatment. Methods Gene microarray data screened the differential gene of hsa_circ_0046264 and its downstream genes were found by bioinformatics analysis and verified by luciferase reporter assay. QRT-PCR and Western blot was used to detect the RNA and protein levels respectively. RNase R digestion confirmed the existences of circular RNA. Cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry and DNA damage assay. Tumor formation in nude mice and immunohistochemistry proved the functions of hsa_circ_0046264 in vivo. Results Hsa_circ_0046264 and BRCA2 were down-regulated in lung cancer tissues while miR-1245 was up-regulated. Hsa_circ_0046264 induced apoptosis but inhibited proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells through targeting miR-1245 to up-regulate BRCA2. Hsa_circ_0046264 inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0046264 was a tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0046264 could up-regulate BRCA2 expression through down-regulating of miR-1245. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0819-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Biomedical Research Center, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University (the First Hospital of Kunming), No. 504 Qingnian Road, Kunming, 650011, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaodong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaosan Su
- Biomedical Research Center, the Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University (the First Hospital of Kunming), No. 504 Qingnian Road, Kunming, 650011, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|