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Bogaard M, Strømme JM, Kidd SG, Johannessen B, Bakken AC, Lothe RA, Axcrona K, Skotheim RI, Axcrona U. GRIN3A: A biomarker associated with a cribriform pattern and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2024; 55:101023. [PMID: 38944914 PMCID: PMC11267071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer with a cribriform pattern, including invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) and/or intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is associated with a poor prognosis, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify biomarkers for this feature. Using a radical prostatectomy cohort, we performed within-patient differential expression analyses with RNA sequencing data to compare samples with a cribriform pattern to those with non-cribriform Gleason pattern 4 (NcGP4; n=13). ACSM1, GRIN3A, PCDHB2, and REG4 were identified as differentially expressed, and validation was performed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (n=99; 321 RNA samples) and RNA in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays (n=479; 2047 tissue cores). GRIN3A was significantly higher expressed in cribriform pattern vs. NcGP4, when assessed within the same patient (n=27; p=0.005) and between different patients (n=83; p=0.001). Tissue cores with IDC more often expressed GRIN3A compared to ICC, NcGP4, and benign tissue (52 % vs. ≤ 32 %). When IDC and NcGP4 was compared within the same patient (173 pairs of tissue cores; 54 patients), 38 (22 %) of the tissue microarray core pairs had GRIN3A expression in only IDC, 33 (19 %) had expression in both IDC and NcGP4, 14 (8 %) in only NcGP4 and 88 (51 %) were negative in both entities (p=0.001). GRIN3A was as well associated with biochemical recurrence (log-rank, p=0.002). In conclusion, ectopic GRIN3A expression is an RNA-based biomarker for the presence of cribriform prostate cancer, particularly for IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Bogaard
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas M Strømme
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne G Kidd
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Johannessen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne C Bakken
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karol Axcrona
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrika Axcrona
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Van der Kwast TH. Proliferative cribriform prostate cancer: a new opportunity for 'promising' marker KI-67? Histopathology 2023; 83:850-852. [PMID: 37927179 DOI: 10.1111/his.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodorus H Van der Kwast
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Destouni M, Lazaris AC, Tzelepi V. Cribriform Patterned Lesions in the Prostate Gland with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133041. [PMID: 35804812 PMCID: PMC9264941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A cribriform structure is defined as a continuous proliferation of cells with intermingled lumina. Various entities may have a cribriform morphology within the prostate gland, ranging from normal, to benign, to borderline and even to malignant lesions. This review summarizes the morphologic features of entities that have a cribriform morphology within the prostate gland, with an emphasis on their differential diagnosis, molecular profile and clinical significance. The basic aim is to assist the pathologist with challenging and controversial cases and inform the clinician on the clinical implications of cribriform morphology. Abstract Cribriform glandular formations are characterized by a continuous proliferation of cells with intermingled lumina and can constitute a major or minor part of physiologic (normal central zone glands), benign (clear cell cribriform hyperplasia and basal cell hyperplasia), premalignant (high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia), borderline (atypical intraductal cribriform proliferation) or clearly malignant (intraductal, acinar, ductal and basal cell carcinoma) lesions. Each displays a different clinical course and variability in clinical management and prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the morphological features, differential diagnosis, molecular profile and clinical significance of the cribriform-patterned entities of the prostate gland. Areas of controversy regarding their management, i.e., the grading of Intaductal Carcinoma, will also be discussed. Understanding the distinct nature of each cribriform lesion leads to the correct diagnosis and ensures accuracy in clinical decision-making, prognosis prediction and personalized risk stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Destouni
- Department of Cytopathology, Hippokrateion General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Andreas C. Lazaris
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Hesterberg AB, Gordetsky JB, Hurley PJ. Cribriform Prostate Cancer: Clinical Pathologic and Molecular Considerations. Urology 2021; 155:47-54. [PMID: 34058243 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal cribriform (IDC) and invasive cribriform morphologies are associated with worse prostate cancer outcomes. Limited retrospective studies have associated IDC and cribriform morphology with germline mutations in DNA repair genes, particularly BRCA2. These findings, which prompted the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for Prostate Cancer and Genetic/Familial High- Risk Assessment to consider germline testing for individuals with IDC/cribriform histology, have been questioned in a recent prospective study. A deepened understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving disease aggressiveness in cribriform morphology is critical to provide more clarity in clinical decision making. This review summarizes the current understanding of IDC and cribriform prostate cancer, with an emphasis on clinical outcomes and molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer B Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paula J Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN.
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Ki67 in Gleason Pattern 3 as a Marker of the Presence of Higher-Grade Prostate Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:112-117. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hwang MJ, Bryant KG, Seo JH, Liu Q, Humphrey PA, Melnick MAC, Altieri DC, Robert ME. Syntaphilin Is a Novel Biphasic Biomarker of Aggressive Prostate Cancer and a Metastasis Predictor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1180-1189. [PMID: 31079810 PMCID: PMC6560381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Easily accessible biomarkers that may inform on the metastatic potential of localized prostate cancer are urgently needed. Herein, we show that syntaphilin (SNPH), a molecule originally identified as a negative regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in neurons, is abundantly expressed in prostate cancer. SNPH distribution in prostate cancer is spatially biphasic, with high expression at the invasive front, correlating with increased proliferative rates, as determined by Ki-67 labeling, and reduced levels in the central tumor bulk, which are further decreased in patients with distant metastases. Higher levels of SNPH are observed with increasing Gleason grade. Prostate tumors predominantly express a novel, extraneuronal isoform of SNPH that accumulates in mitochondria and maintains oxidative metabolism and tumor cell proliferation. These data suggest that SNPH is a novel marker of high Gleason grade prostate cancer, differentially expressed at the invasive front compared with the central tumor bulk, and is potentially down-regulated in metastatic disease. This biphasic pattern of expression may reflect a dual function of SNPH in controlling the balance between cell proliferation and invasion in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly G Bryant
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jae H Seo
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Liu
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter A Humphrey
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Ann C Melnick
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie E Robert
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Montironi R, Cimadamore A, Gasparrini S, Mazzucchelli R, Santoni M, Massari F, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M. Prostate cancer with cribriform morphology: diagnosis, aggressiveness, molecular pathology and possible relationships with intraductal carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:685-693. [PMID: 29699428 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1469406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Gleason grading system is one of the most important prognostic factors in prostate cancer (PCa). From the 2005 to the 2014 conference organized by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP), the histological criteria for the Gleason patterns were improved, resulting in the shrinkage of the Gleason pattern (GP) 3 and expansion of the GP 4. Areas Covered: Cribriform, fused, ill-defined and glomeruloid glands are part of the morphologic spectrum of the current GP 4. Cribriform, derived from the Latin word cribrum (i.e. sieve), was introduced by Gleason to describe glands composed of a solid sheet with perforations or lumina. Cribriform morphology has a worse prognosis compared with the other, non-cribriform, GP4 morphologies. A practical implication is that a cribriform growth precludes a patient from selecting an active surveillance (AS) protocol. Expert commentary: The presence of these four growth patterns should be incorporated into the current Grade Group (GG) system. Enhancing our understanding of cribriform tumor behavior will lead to correctly identifying and treating those patients that will die because of PCa, while sparing treatment in those who do not require it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Montironi
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Silvia Gasparrini
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
| | | | - Francesco Massari
- c Division of Oncology , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , USA
| | | | - Marina Scarpelli
- a Section of Pathological Anatomy , Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals , Ancona , Italy
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