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Moreira AL, Zhou F. Invasion and Grading of Pulmonary Non-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma. Surg Pathol Clin 2024; 17:271-285. [PMID: 38692810 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma staging and grading were recently updated to reflect the link between histologic growth patterns and outcomes. The lepidic growth pattern is regarded as "in-situ," whereas all other patterns are regarded as invasive, though with stratification. Solid, micropapillary, and complex glandular patterns are associated with worse prognosis than papillary and acinar patterns. These recent changes have improved prognostic stratification. However, multiple pitfalls exist in measuring invasive size and in classifying lung adenocarcinoma growth patterns. Awareness of these limitations and recommended practices will help the pathology community achieve consistent prognostic performance and potentially contribute to improved patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 560 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 560 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Huang S, Zhao M, Li S, Chen T, Zhong Y, Deng J, Xu L, Wu J, Xie X, Wu C, Hou L, She Y, Zheng H, Chen C. Incorporation of the lepidic component as an additional pathological T descriptor for non-small cell lung cancer: Data from 3335 cases of lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2024; 189:107472. [PMID: 38320371 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Lepidic Component (LP) identifies a subgroup with an excellent prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our research aimed to propose an improved pathological T (pT) stage for LUAD based on LP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 3335 surgical patients with pathological stage I LUAD were incorporated. Factors affecting survival were investigated by analyzing recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses. Subgroup analysis based on Lepidic Ratio (LR) was further evaluated. The net benefit from the modified pT category (pTm) was assessed using the Area Under the time-dependent Receiver Operating Curve (AUC), Harrell's Concordance Index (C-index), Reclassification Improvement (NRI), and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI). RESULTS The presence of LP (LP+) was identified in 1425 (42.7 %) patients, indicating a significantly better RFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) than those without LP, and similar results were reproduced in pT1a-pT2a subcategory (P < 0.050 for all). Multivariable Cox analysis revealed LP+ as an independent prognostic factor for both RFS (HR, 0.622; P < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.710; P = 0.019). However, lepidic ratio (LR) was not independently associated with both RFS and OS for LP+ patients. The 5-year RFS and OS rates between T1a (LP-) and T1b (LP+), T1b (LP-) and T1c (LP+), and T1b (LP-) and T2a (LP+) were comparable (P > 0.050 for all). After modification, compared with current 8th edition pT stage system (pT8), pTm independently predicted RFS and OS, and AUCs, c-index, NRI, and IDI analysis all demonstrated pTm holds better discrimination performances than pT8 for LUAD prognosis. CONCLUSION LP can be an additional down-staged T descriptor for pathological stage I LUAD and improve the survival predictive performance of reclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlang She
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Willner J, Narula N, Moreira AL. Updates on lung adenocarcinoma: invasive size, grading and STAS. Histopathology 2024; 84:6-17. [PMID: 37872108 DOI: 10.1111/his.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the classification of lung adenocarcinoma have resulted in significant changes in pathological reporting. The eighth edition of the tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging guidelines calls for the use of invasive size in staging in place of total tumour size. This shift improves prognostic stratification and requires a more nuanced approach to tumour measurements in challenging situations. Similarly, the adoption of new grading criteria based on the predominant and highest-grade pattern proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) shows improved prognostication, and therefore clinical utility, relative to previous grading systems. Spread through airspaces (STAS) is a form of tumour invasion involving tumour cells spreading through the airspaces, which has been highly researched in recent years. This review discusses updates in pathological T staging, adenocarcinoma grading and STAS and illustrates the utility and limitations of current concepts in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willner
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Liang S, Huang YY, Liu X, Wu LL, Hu Y, Ma G. Risk profiles and a concise prediction model for lymph node metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:195. [PMID: 37340322 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and ranks the first in mortality. Pathological lymph node status(pN) of lung cancer affects the treatment strategy after surgery while systematic lymph node dissection(SLND) is always unsatisfied. METHODS We reviewed the clinicopathological features of 2,696 patients with LUAD and one single lesion ≤ 5 cm who underwent SLND in addition to lung resection at the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center. The relationship between the pN status and all other clinicopathological features was assessed. All participants were stochastically divided into development and validation cohorts; the former was used to establish a logistic regression model based on selected factors from stepwise backward algorithm to predict pN status. C-statistics, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for both cohorts to test the model performance. RESULTS Nerve tract infiltration (NTI), visceral pleural infiltration (PI), lymphovascular infiltration (LVI), right upper lobe (RUL), low differentiated component, tumor size, micropapillary component, lepidic component, and micropapillary predominance were included in the final model. Model performance in the development and validation cohorts was as follows: 0.861 (95% CI: 0.842-0.883) and 0.840 (95% CI: 0.804-0.876) for the C-statistics and 0.803 (95% CI: 0.784-0.821) and 0.785 (95% CI: 0.755-0.814) for accuracy, and 0.754 (95% CI: 0.706-0.798) and 0.686 (95% CI: 0.607-0.757) for sensitivity and 0.814 (95% CI: 0.794-0.833) and 0.811 (95% CI: 0.778-0.841) for specificity, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study showed an easy and credible tool with good performance in predicting pN in patients with LUAD with a single tumor ≤ 5.0 cm without SLND and it is valuable to adjust the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yu Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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Kinoshita F, Shimokawa M, Takenaka T, Okamoto T, Taguchi K, Oda Y, Yoshizumi T. Prognostic impact of noninvasive areas in resected pathological stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37105937 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MAIN PROBLEMS In non-small-cell lung cancer, ground-glass opacity on computed tomography imaging reflects pathological noninvasiveness and is a favorable prognostic factor. However, the significance of pathological noninvasive areas (NIAs) has not been fully revealed. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of NIAs on lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We analyzed 402 patients with pathological stage (p-Stage) IA lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in 2013-2016 at two institutions and examined the association of the presence of NIAs with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Furthermore, after using propensity-score matching to adjust for clinicopathological factors, such as age, sex, smoking history, pathological invasive area size, pathological T factor (p-T), p-Stage, and histological subtype (lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma [LPA] or non-LPA), the prognostic impact of NIAs was evaluated. RESULTS Patients were divided into NIA-present (N = 231) and NIA-absent (N = 171) groups. Multivariable analysis showed that NIA-present was strongly associated with earlier p-T, earlier p-Stage, LPA, and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the NIA-present group displayed a better prognosis than the NIA-absent group in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (5-year DFS 94.6% vs. 87.2%, 5-year OS 97.2% vs. 91.1%). However, after adjusting for clinicopathological factors by propensity score matching, no significant differences in prognosis were identified between the NIA-present and NIA-absent groups (5-year DFS 92.4% vs 89.6%, 5-year OS 95.6% vs 94.3%). CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggests that the prognostic impact of the presence of NIAs on lung adenocarcinoma is due to differences in clinicopathological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Takenaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Okamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Department of Cancer Pathology Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Jiang Y, Xiong Z, Zhao W, Tian D, Zhang Q, Li Z. Pathological components and CT imaging analysis of the area adjacent pleura within the pure ground-glass nodules with pleural deformation in invasive lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:958. [PMID: 36068487 PMCID: PMC9447332 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleural deformation is associated with the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma(LAC). Our study focused on the pathological components of the area adjacent pleura in pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules(pGGNs) with pleural deformations(P-pGGNs) confirmed to be invasive LAC without visceral pleural invasion (VPI) pathologically. Methods Computed tomography(CT) imaging features of nodules and pathological components of the area adjacent pleura were analyzed and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed for subgroups of P-pGGNs. Results The 81 enrolled patients with 81 P-pGGNs were finally involved in the analysis. None of solid/micropapillary group and none of VPI was observed, 54 alveoli/lepidics and 27 acinar/papillarys were observed. In P-pGGN with acinar/papillary components of the area adjacent pleura, invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) was more common compared to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA, 74.07% vs. 25.93%; p < 0.001). The distance in alveoli/lepidic group was significantly larger (1.50 mm vs. 0.00 mm; p < 0.001) and the depth was significantly smaller (2.00 mm vs. 6.00 mm; p < 0.001) than that in acinar/papillary group. The CT attenuation value, maximum diameter and maximum vertical diameter was valuable to distinguish acinar/papillary group form alveoli/lepidic group(p < 0.05). The type d pleural deformation was the common pleural deformation in IAC(p = 0.028). Conclusions The pathological components of the area adjacent pleura in P-pGGN without VPI confirmed to be invasive LAC could included alveoli/lepidics and acinar/papillarys. Some CT indicators that can identify the pathological invasive components of the area adjacent pleura in P-pGGNs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10043-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Jiang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziqi Xiong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Lu D, Yang J, Liu X, Feng S, Dong X, Shi X, Zhai J, Mai S, Jiang J, Wang Z, Wu H, Cai K. Clinicopathological features, survival outcomes, and appropriate surgical approaches for stage I acinar and papillary predominant lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3455-3462. [PMID: 32207885 PMCID: PMC7221422 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether prognosis differs between lung acinar predominant adenocarcinoma (ACN) and papillary predominant adenocarcinoma (PAP) patients remains controversial. Furthermore, the appropriate surgical plan for each subtype is undetermined. Methods Data of stage I ACN or PAP patients from 2004 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by SEER*Stat 8.3.5. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and lung cancer specific survival (LCSS). Results 1531 patients (PAP, 484; ACN, 1047) were included. ACN patients had better OS (P = .001) and LCSS (P = .003) than PAP patients. Among stage I ACN patients, lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (Lob) (P = .001) or segmentectomy (Seg) (P = .003) provided a better OS than wedge resection (Wed). And ACN patients who received Lob had a equivalent LCSS, compared to those who received Seg (P = .895). For patients with PAP in stage I, those who received Lob tended to have a better prognosis than that received Seg (HR of OS, 0.605, 95% CI: 0.263‐1.393; HR of LCSS, 0.541, 95% CI: 0.194‐1.504) or Wed (HR of OS, 0.735, 95% CI: 0.481‐1.123; HR of LCSS, 0.688, 95% CI: 0.402‐1.180). Conclusions Among patients with lung adenocarcinoma in stage I, those with ACN have a better OS and LCSS than that with PAP. For patients with stage I ACN, Seg and Lob, rather than Wed, seem to be an equivalent treatment choice; however, Seg is the prior option because it could preserve more lung function than Lob. For patients with PAP, Lob tends to be a better choice than Wed and Seg, although the prognostic difference between them is nonsignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxue Zhai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Mai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim M, Chung YS, Kim KA, Shim HS. Prognostic factors of acinar- or papillary-predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2019; 137:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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