1
|
Abstract
The evolutionary history of hepatobiliary cancers is embedded in their genomes. By analysing their catalogue of somatic mutations and the DNA sequence context in which they occur, it is possible to infer the mechanisms underpinning tumorigenesis. These mutational signatures reflect the exogenous and endogenous origins of genetic damage as well as the capacity of hepatobiliary cells to repair and replicate DNA. Genomic analysis of thousands of patients with hepatobiliary cancers has highlighted the diversity of mutagenic processes active in these malignancies, highlighting a prominent source of the inter-cancer-type, inter-patient, intertumour and intratumoural heterogeneity that is observed clinically. However, a substantial proportion of mutational signatures detected in hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancer remain of unknown cause, emphasizing the important contribution of processes yet to be identified. Exploiting mutational signatures to retrospectively understand hepatobiliary carcinogenesis could advance preventative management of these aggressive tumours as well as potentially predict treatment response and guide the development of therapies targeting tumour evolution.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun D, Gan X, Liu L, Yang Y, Ding D, Li W, Jiang J, Ding W, Zhao L, Hou G, Yu J, Wang J, Yang F, Yuan S, Zhou W. DNA hypermethylation modification promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by depressing the tumor suppressor gene ZNF334. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:446. [PMID: 35534462 PMCID: PMC9085879 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of tumors. However, studies focused on the dynamic changes of DNA methylation in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare. To systematically illustrate the dynamic DNA methylation alternation from premalignant to early-stage liver cancer with the same genetic background, this study enrolled 5 HBV-related patients preceded with liver cirrhosis, pathologically identified as early-stage HCC with dysplastic nodules. Liver fibrosis tissues, dysplastic nodules and early HCC tissues from these patients were used to measure DNA methylation. Here, we report significant differences in the DNA methylation spectrum among the three types of tissues. In the early stage of HCC, DNA hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is predominant. Additionally, DNA hypermethylation in the early stage of HCC changes the binding ability of transcription factor TP53 to the promoter of tumor suppressor gene ZNF334, and inhibits the expression of ZNF334 at the transcription level. Furthermore, through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we have clarified the exacerbation effect of tumor suppressor gene ZNF334 deletion in the occurrence of HCC. Combined with clinical data, we found that the overall survival and relapse-free survival of patients with high ZNF334 expression are significantly longer. Thus, we partly elucidated a sequential alternation of DNA methylation modification during the occurrence of HCC, and clarified the biological function and regulatory mechanism of the tumor suppressor gene ZNF334, which is regulated by related DNA methylation sites. Our study provides a new target and clinical evidence for the early diagnosis and sheds light on the precise treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Sun
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiaojie Gan
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lei Liu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Dongyang Ding
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wen Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Junyao Jiang
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Wenbin Ding
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Linghao Zhao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Guojun Hou
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jian Yu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jie Wang
- grid.428926.30000 0004 1798 2725Center for Health Research, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Fu Yang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, 225 Changhai Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 200438 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multi-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image-based radiomics-combined machine learning reveals microscopic ultra-early hepatocellular carcinoma lesions. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2917-2928. [PMID: 35230493 PMCID: PMC9206604 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether models built from radiomics features based on multiphase contrast-enhanced MRI can identify microscopic pre-hepatocellular carcinoma lesions. Methods We retrospectively studied 54 small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC, diameter < 2 cm) patients and 70 patients with hepatocellular cysts or haemangiomas from September 2018 to June 2021. For the former, two MRI scans were collected within 12 months of each other; the 2nd scan was used to confirm the diagnosis. The volumes of interest (VOIs), including SHCCs and normal liver tissues, were delineated on the 2nd scans, mapped to the 1st scans via image registration, and enrolled into the SHCC and internal-control cohorts, respectively, while those of normal liver tissues from patients with hepatocellular cysts or haemangioma were enrolled in the external-control cohort. We extracted 1132 radiomics features from each VOI and analysed their discriminability between the SHCC and internal-control cohorts for intra-group classification and the SHCC and external-control cohorts for inter-group classification. Five radial basis-function, kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) models (four corresponding single-phase models and one integrated from the four-phase MR images) were established. Results Among the 124 subjects, the multiphase models yielded better performance on the testing set for intra-group and inter-group classification, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85–1.00) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92–1.00), accuracies of 86.67% and 94.12%, sensitivities of 87.50% and 94.12%, and specificities of 85.71% and 94.12%, respectively. Conclusion The combined multiphase MRI-based radiomics feature model revealed microscopic pre-hepatocellular carcinoma lesions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05742-8.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu M, Shi QM, Duan SL, Ou-yang DJ, Chen P, Tu B, Huang P. Insights into the Association Between QSER1 and M2 Macrophages and Remarkable Malignancy Characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1765-1775. [PMID: 35210841 PMCID: PMC8863346 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s352574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glutamine and serine rich 1 (QSER1), as a DNA methylation modulator, play a crucial role in transforming tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that QSER1 plays a role in regulating the progression of various malignancies and that QSER1 dysfunction is connected with precancerous lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as HCC prognosis. However, little is known about the detailed contribution of QSER1 in HCC. Patients and Methods Various statistical methods such as Kaplan–Meier method, AUC analysis, GSEA, and immune-infiltration analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between QSER1 expression and clinical features, prognostic factors, and potential functional mechanisms of QSER1. Results QSER1 expression was negatively correlated with clinicopathological features (clinical stage, pathological grade, TP53 mutation, lymph node metastasis) and clinical outcome (overall survival versus recurrence). Functional enrichment analysis further suggested that QSER1 is involved in multiple pathways related to DNA replication and tumor immunity. TIMER analysis indicated that high QSER1 expression was significantly associated with higher macrophage infiltration and poorer macrophage-related outcomes. In particular, QSER1 was significantly more associated with M2 macrophages than M1 macrophages. Conclusion Overall, elevated QSER1 is a potential prognostic marker for HCC and is associated with immune infiltration in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-man Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai-Li Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deng-jie Ou-yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Tu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Peng Huang, Email
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
CXCL1: Gene, Promoter, Regulation of Expression, mRNA Stability, Regulation of Activity in the Intercellular Space. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020792. [PMID: 35054978 PMCID: PMC8776070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL1 is one of the most important chemokines, part of a group of chemotactic cytokines involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases. It activates CXCR2 and, at high levels, CXCR1. The expression of CXCL1 is elevated in inflammatory reactions and also has important functions in physiology, including the induction of angiogenesis and recruitment of neutrophils. Due to a lack of reviews that precisely describe the regulation of CXCL1 expression and function, in this paper, we present the mechanisms of CXCL1 expression regulation with a special focus on cancer. We concentrate on the regulation of CXCL1 expression through the regulation of CXCL1 transcription and mRNA stability, including the involvement of NF-κB, p53, the effect of miRNAs and cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-17, TGF-β and TNF-α. We also describe the mechanisms regulating CXCL1 activity in the extracellular space, including proteolytic processing, CXCL1 dimerization and the influence of the ACKR1/DARC receptor on CXCL1 localization. Finally, we explain the role of CXCL1 in cancer and possible therapeutic approaches directed against this chemokine.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ricke J, Steffen IG, Bargellini I, Berg T, Bilbao Jaureguizar JI, Gebauer B, Iezzi R, Loewe C, Karçaaltincaba M, Pech M, Sengel C, van Delden O, Vandecaveye V, Zech CJ, Seidensticker M. Gadoxetic acid-based hepatobiliary MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2020; 2:100173. [PMID: 33103093 PMCID: PMC7578758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims SORAMIC is a prospective phase II randomised controlled trial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It consists of 3 parts: a diagnostic study and 2 therapeutic studies with either curative ablation or palliative Yttrium-90 radioembolisation combined with sorafenib. We report the diagnostic cohort study aimed to determine the accuracy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including hepatobiliary phase (HBP) imaging features compared with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The primary objective was the accuracy of treatment decisions stratifying patients for curative or palliative (non-ablation) treatment. Methods Patients with clinically suspected HCC underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (HBP MRI, including dynamic MRI) and contrast-enhanced CT. Blinded read of the image data was performed by 2 reader groups (radiologists, R1 and R2). A truth panel with access to all clinical data and follow-up imaging served as reference. Imaging criteria for curative ablation were defined as up to 4 lesions <5 cm and absence of macrovascular invasion. The primary endpoint was non-inferiority of HBP MRI vs. CT in a first step and superiority in a second step. Results The intent-to-treat population comprised 538 patients. Treatment decisions matched the truth panel assessment in 83.3% and 81.2% for HBP MRI (R1 and R2), and 73.4% and 70.8% for CT. Non-inferiority and superiority (second step) of HBP MRI vs. CT were demonstrated (odds ratio 1.14 [1.09–1.19]). HBP MRI identified patients with >4 lesions significantly more frequently than CT. Conclusions In HCC, HBP MRI provided a more accurate decision than CT for a curative vs. palliative treatment strategy. Lay summary Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are allocated to curative or palliative treatment according to the stage of their disease. Hepatobiliary imaging using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI is more accurate than CT for treatment decision-making. Comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI vs. contrast-enhanced multi-slice CT to stratify patients with suspected HCC. Clinical decision-making was shown to be significantly more accurate with gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary MRI than CT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study linking a clinical decision endpoint to hepatobiliary MRI criteria for HCC diagnosis. The results of our international multicentre trial could guide recommendations on the diagnostic management of HCC.
Collapse
Key Words
- APASL, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver
- BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
- CT, computed tomography
- DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging
- GEE, generalised estimating equation
- GRE, gradient echo
- Gadoxetic acid
- HBP, hepatobiliary phase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HGDN, high-grade dysplastic nodule
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- ITT, intent to treat
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- OR, odds ratio
- PP, per protocol
- RFA, radio-frequency ablation
- SORAMIC trial
- SORAMIC, Sorafenib and Micro-Therapy Guided by Gadolinium-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI
- TSE, turbo spin echo
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo G Steffen
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Bargellini
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Thomas Berg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Gastroenterologie, Sektion Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Gebauer
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC di Radiologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Loewe
- Section of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Bioimaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maciej Pech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Sengel
- Radiologie interventionnelle vasculaire et percutanée, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Otto van Delden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christoph J Zech
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|