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Hannibal CG, Baandrup L, Hertzum-Larsen R, Vang R, Kurman RJ, Frederiksen K, Kjaer SK. Risk of nonovarian cancer in a nationwide-based study of nearly 5000 women with borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1370-1377. [PMID: 36366853 PMCID: PMC10099848 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence regarding cancer risk after borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) is limited. We conducted a nationwide cohort study examining the incidence of nonovarian cancers in women with serous or mucinous BOTs compared with the general female population with up to 41 years of follow-up. Through the nationwide Pathology Registry, we identified nearly 5000 women with BOTs (2506 serous and 2493 mucinous) in Denmark, 1978 to 2018. We computed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as relative risk estimates of specific nonovarian cancers. Compared with general female population rates, women with serous BOTs had increased rates of particularly malignant melanoma (SIR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6), thyroid cancer (SIR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4-5.4) and myeloid leukemia (SIR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5-5.8), and women with mucinous BOTs had elevated rates of lung cancer (SIR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.1), pancreatic cancer (SIR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-2.9) and myeloid leukemia (SIR = 2.3; 95% CI: 0.9-4.7). We found no convincing association with neither breast nor colorectal cancer in women with BOTs. This is the first large nationwide study showing that women with specific types of BOTs have increased risks of several nonovarian cancers, likely due to some shared risk factors or genetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Hannibal
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Baandrup
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hertzum-Larsen
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russell Vang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Kurman
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirsten Frederiksen
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmaco-epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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In Vitro Comparison of the Anti-Proliferative Effects of Galenia africana on Human Skin Cell Lines. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the major cause of skin cancer-related deaths. Surgery in combination with radiotherapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy is used to eradicate cancer cells, however, this treatment option is limited by the tolerance of the surrounding healthy tissue. The extracts from Galenia africana have been shown to possess anti-cancer flavonoid compounds and can be a safer and cost-effective alternative treatment. The study aimed to compare the anti-proliferative effects of G. africana on human skin cells (HaCaT) and human malignant melanoma cells (A375). The cells were exposed to various concentrations of the G. africana extract at different times. In vitro assays were employed to determine cell viability and cytotoxicity. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to observe the nuclear changes, including apoptosis. G. africana significantly reduced the cell viability of the A375 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, while having no effect on the HaCaT cells. The A375 cells displayed nuclear condensation, brightly stained nuclei and nuclear fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. This suggests a clinical rationale for the use of G. africana as a potential anti-melanoma agent offering efficacy and low toxicity. This study provides new insights for future work on investigating the utilization of G. africana in malignant melanoma treatment.
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Friend PJ. Biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma: Implications for Patient Education and Support. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2020; 24:660-666. [PMID: 33216057 DOI: 10.1188/20.cjon.660-666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidation of key biomarkers, as indicators and drivers of the pathologic processes in cutaneous melanoma (CM), has led to the development of effective targeted therapies. OBJECTIVES This article provides an overview of key concepts in advanced CM, particularly the essential role of biomarkers and biomarker testing to guide treatment. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in CINAHL® and PubMed® using the following search terms. FINDINGS Targeted BRAF/MEK inhibitors, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have vastly improved long-term outcomes in advanced CM. Deepening understanding of the biologic and genomic features of CM and their interactions with the host immune system is critical for predicting treatment and survival outcomes and developing new therapies.
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Troiani T, Napolitano S. New pieces of the melanoma puzzle uncovered. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1430-1431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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