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Pardede BP, Agil M, Supriatna I. Protamine and other proteins in sperm and seminal plasma as molecular markers of bull fertility. Vet World 2020; 13:556-562. [PMID: 32367964 PMCID: PMC7183474 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.556-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility is the most important aspect in the efforts to increase livestock populations. Protamine and various proteins in sperm and seminal plasma are the results of the molecular analysis which can be used as a marker of fertility. Each of the proteins plays an important role in the normal function of sperm, starting from the formation of sperm structure, motility, capacitation, cell protection, acrosome reactions, successful fertilization, egg activation, and embryonic development. Finally, these molecular components can be a marker of fertility and can help to diagnose the cases of infertility/subfertility in livestock in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Pandapotan Pardede
- Reproductive Biology Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Agil
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Division of Reproduction and Obstetric, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Iman Supriatna
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Division of Reproduction and Obstetric, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Tang J, Ma R, Zhu N, Guo K, Guo Y, Bai L, Yu H, Hu J, Zhang X. Bxy-fuca encoding α-L-fucosidase plays crucial roles in development and reproduction of the pathogenic pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:205-214. [PMID: 31140718 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This disease is a serious threat to pine forests globally. The fuca gene encodes α-L-fucosidase, which plays crucial roles in numerous biological and pathological processes in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. To find promising control strategies against PWD, we investigated the expression and functions of Bxy-fuca in B. xylophilus. RESULTS Bxy-fuca encoding α-L-fucosidase is highly conserved within the deduced functional domains and key residues. It is expressed continuously across all developmental stages of B. xylophilus. mRNA in situ hybridization demonstrated that Bxy-fuca was mainly localized in the body wall muscles and intestine. RNA interference indicated that the zygotic expression of Bxy-fuca was indispensable for embryogenesis. The rate of B. xylophilus egg hatch was significantly decreased after Bxy-fuca was interfered. Postembryonic silence of Bxy-fuca resulted in a dramatic decrease in the longevity of and the total number of eggs produced by B. xylophilus. In addition, the motility of the nematode was greatly hampered with a significant drop in head thrashing frequency. CONCLUSION Bxy-fuca plays crucial roles in development, lifespan and reproduction of B. xylophilus. Our results provide promising hints for control of PWD by blocking embryogenesis and ontogenesis, decreasing nematode fecundity, and disrupting the connection between B. xylophilus and its vector beetle by preventing nematode movement into the tracheal system. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoqing Ma
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Najie Zhu
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology Department Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Liqun Bai
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongshi Yu
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jiafu Hu
- College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Functional analysis of glycosylation using Drosophila melanogaster. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Newton GR, Lewis SK, Avendano J, Williams EA, Ribeiro FRB, Nuti LC, Foxworth WB, Ing NH. Fucosyltransferase gene expression in goat endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Theriogenology 2019; 132:118-127. [PMID: 31022601 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the expression of the alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase (FUT) genes and their enzymatic products, including the H-type 1 antigen (HT1), on the luminal surface of the uterus is believed to be critical for establishment of pregnancy in mammals. The FUT1 gene is a marker for conception rates in dairy cows and HT1 is a marker for uterine receptivity in rodents. To determine the spatiotemporal expression patterns of FUT1 and FUT2 genes in goats, endometrial tissues were obtained on six days spanning the estrous cycle (Days 5, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19) and seven days spanning early pregnancy (Days 5, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 25). In all data, we found no effect of status (cyclic or pregnant; P > 0.1) and pooled data where appropriate. We cloned FUT1 cDNA from goat endometrium and made probes from it for Northern and slot blot analyses. The analyses indicated that FUT1 gene expression was high until Day 13, and then declined. In situ hybridization revealed a change in the cell-specificity of FUT1 gene expression over the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. In situ hybridization signal intensity scores indicated that FUT1 expression by uterine epithelium was high on Day 5, moderate on Day 11, and minimal on subsequent days. In situ hybridization signals in uterine glandular epithelial cells remained high from Day 5 to Day 13, with weaker signals thereafter. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays were used for quantitation of FUT1 and FUT2 mRNAs. Quantitative RT-qPCR data were generated from endometrium collected from cyclic and pregnant animals on Days 5, 11 and 17. Relative levels of FUT1 mRNA were high on Days 5 and 11, but then fell 5-fold by Day 17 (P < 0.01). FUT2 mRNA concentrations were below the accurate detectable limit of the assay. High levels of HT1 were observed on the apical surface of uterine luminal epithelia on Days 5, 15, 17 and 19, with much lower levels on Days 11 and 13. Thus, data suggests that FUT1 is the primary enzyme responsible for the high levels of HT1 antigen present on the uterine luminal epithelium between Days 5 and 11 of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. But changes in the expression of the FUT1 gene does not directly correlate to HT1 staining, which increased from Day 13-15. Future studies are required to understand the regulation of the HT1 antigen on the luminal surface of endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Newton
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View, TX, 77446-0519, USA.
| | - S K Lewis
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View, TX, 77446-0519, USA
| | - J Avendano
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View, TX, 77446-0519, USA
| | - E A Williams
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View, TX, 77446-0519, USA
| | - F R B Ribeiro
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View, TX, 77446-0519, USA
| | - L C Nuti
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View, TX, 77446-0519, USA
| | - W B Foxworth
- Prairie View A&M University, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View, TX, 77446-0519, USA
| | - N H Ing
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
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Scheys F, Van Damme EJM, Smagghe G. Let’s talk about sexes: sex-related N-glycosylation in ecologically important invertebrates. Glycoconj J 2019; 37:41-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Degner EC, Harrington LC. A mosquito sperm's journey from male ejaculate to egg: Mechanisms, molecules, and methods for exploration. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 83:897-911. [PMID: 27147424 PMCID: PMC5086422 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fate of mosquito sperm in the female reproductive tract has been addressed sporadically and incompletely, resulting in significant gaps in our understanding of sperm-female interactions that ultimately lead to fertilization. As with other Diptera, mosquito sperm have a complex journey to their ultimate destination, the egg. After copulation, sperm spend a short time at the site of insemination where they are hyperactivated and quickly congregate near the entrance of the spermathecal ducts. Within minutes, they travel up the narrow ducts to the spermathecae, likely through the combined efforts of female transport and sperm locomotion. The female nourishes sperm and maintains them in these permanent storage organs for her entire life. When she is ready, the female coordinates the release of sperm with ovulation, and the descending egg is fertilized. Although this process has been well studied via microscopy, many questions remain regarding the molecular processes that coordinate sperm motility, movement through the reproductive tract, maintenance, and usage. In this review, we describe the current understanding of a mosquito sperm's journey to the egg, highlighting gaps in our knowledge of mosquito reproductive biology. Where insufficient information is available in mosquitoes, we describe analogous processes in other organisms, such as Drosophila melanogaster, as a basis for comparison, and we suggest future areas of research that will illuminate how sperm successfully traverse the female reproductive tract. Such studies may yield molecular targets that could be manipulated to control populations of vector species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 897-911, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Degner
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Intra J, Veltri C, De Caro D, Perotti ME, Pasini ME. In vitro evidence for the participation of Drosophila melanogaster sperm β-N-acetylglucosaminidases in the interactions with glycans carrying terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues on the egg's envelopes. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 96:e21403. [PMID: 28695569 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization is a complex and multiphasic process, consisting of several steps, where egg-coating envelope's glycoproteins and sperm surface receptors play a critical role. Sperm-associated β-N-acetylglucosaminidases, also known as hexosaminidases, have been identified in a variety of organisms. Previously, two isoforms of hexosaminidases, named here DmHEXA and DmHEXB, were found as intrinsic proteins in the sperm plasma membrane of Drosophila melanogaster. In the present work, we carried out different approaches using solid-phase assays in order to analyze the oligosaccharide recognition ability of D. melanogaster sperm hexosaminidases to interact with well-defined carbohydrate chains that might functionally mimic egg glycoconjugates. Our results showed that Drosophila hexosaminidases prefer glycans carrying terminal β-N-acetylglucosamine, but not core β-N-acetylglucosamine residues. The capacity of sperm β-N-acetylhexosaminidases to bind micropylar chorion and vitelline envelope was examined in vitro assays. Binding was completely blocked when β-N-acetylhexosaminidases were preincubated with the glycoproteins ovalbumin and transferrin, and the monosaccharide β-N-acetylglucosamine. Overall, these data support the hypothesis of the potential role of these glycosidases in sperm-egg interactions in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Intra
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Concetta Veltri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela De Caro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Vancová M, Nebesářová J. Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145034. [PMID: 26690057 PMCID: PMC4699470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vancová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jana Nebesářová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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