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Wu W, Lin L, Zhao Y, Li H, Zhang R. Protein modification regulated autophagy in Bombyx mori and Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1281555. [PMID: 38028759 PMCID: PMC10665574 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1281555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications refer to the chemical alterations of proteins following their biosynthesis, leading to changes in protein properties. These modifications, which encompass acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, and others, are pivotal in a myriad of cellular functions. Macroautophagy, also known as autophagy, is a major degradation of intracellular components to cope with stress conditions and strictly regulated by nutrient depletion, insulin signaling, and energy production in mammals. Intriguingly, in insects, 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling predominantly stimulates the expression of most autophagy-related genes while concurrently inhibiting mTOR activity, thereby initiating autophagy. In this review, we will outline post-translational modification-regulated autophagy in insects, including Bombyx mori and Drosophila melanogaster, in brief. A more profound understanding of the biological significance of post-translational modifications in autophagy machinery not only unveils novel opportunities for autophagy intervention strategies but also illuminates their potential roles in development, cell differentiation, and the process of learning and memory processes in both insects and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luobin Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaqin Li
- Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Huang Y, Zou S, Zhan P, Hao Z, Lu Q, Jing W, Li Y, Xu Y, Wang H. Dinotefuran induces oxidative stress and autophagy on Bombyx mori silk gland: Toxic effects and implications for nontarget organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122470. [PMID: 37657723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Dinotefuran, a third-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely utilized in agriculture for pest control; however, its environmental consequences and risks to non-target organisms remain largely unknown. Bombyx mori is an economically important insect and a good toxic detector for environmental assessments. In this study, ultrastructure analysis showed that dinotefuran exposure caused an increase in autophagic vesicles in the silk gland. Dinotefuran exposure triggered elevated levels of oxidative stress in silk glands. Reactive oxygen species, oxidized glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, the activities of UDP glucuronosyl-transferase and carboxylesterase were induced in the middle silk gland, while malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase , oxidized glutathione disulfide were increased in the posterior silk gland. Global transcription patterns revealed the physiological responses were induced by dinotefuran. Dinotefuran exposure substantially induced the expression levels of many genes involved in the mTOR and PI3K - Akt signaling pathways in the middle silk gland, whereas many differentially expressed genes involved in fatty acid and pyrimidine metabolism were found in the posterior silk gland. Additionally, functional, ultrastructural, and transcriptomic analysis indicate that dinotefuran exposure induced an increase of autophagy in the silk gland. This study illuminates the toxicity effects of dinotefuran exposure on silkworms and provides new insights into the underlying molecular toxicity mechanisms of dinotefuran to nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhan
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Hao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Jing
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huabing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang YF, Chen XD, Wang G, Li QY, Liang XY, Sima YH, Xu SQ. Influence of hyperproteinemia on reproductive development in an invertebrate model. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2170-2181. [PMID: 31592097 PMCID: PMC6775287 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperproteinemia is a severe metabolic disease characterized by abnormally elevated plasma protein concentrations (PPC). However, there is currently no reliable animal model for PPC, and the pathological mechanism of hyperproteinemia thus remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of hyperproteinemia on reproductive development in an invertebrate silkworm model with a controllable PPC and no primary disease effects. High PPC inhibited the synthesis of vitellogenin and 30K protein essential for female ovarian development in the fat body of metabolic tissues, and inhibited their transport through the hemolymph to the ovary. High PPC also induced programmed cell death in testis and ovary cells, slowed the development of germ cells, and significantly reduced the reproductive coefficient. Furthermore, the intensities and mechanisms of high-PPC-induced reproductive toxicity differed between sexes in this silkworm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue-Dong Chen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guang Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin-Yin Liang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang-Hu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Methods for Monitoring Autophagy in Silkworm Organs. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29445959 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, various larval organs are remodeled by autophagy during metamorphosis. Although moths and butterflies are among the first animal models in which this self-eating process was described, only in recent years autophagy has been analyzed in detail in these insects. In particular, the silkworm Bombyx mori, which represents a well-studied model among Lepidoptera, provides a wide repertoire of cellular and molecular tools useful for studying the occurrence of autophagy and for evaluating its role in postembryonic development. Here, we describe some morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods to monitor autophagy in silkworm organs.
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