1
|
Wang H, Zhao R, Gao J, Xiao X, Yin X, Hu S, Zhang Y, Liang P, Gu S. Two cuticle-enriched chemosensory proteins confer multi-insecticide resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130941. [PMID: 38521305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that insect chemosensory proteins (CSPs) both play essential roles in insect olfaction and insect resistance. However, functional evidence supporting the crosslink between CSP and insecticide resistance remains unexplored. In the present study, 22 SfruCSP transcripts were identified from the fall armyworm (FAW) and SfruCSP1 and SfruCSP2 are enriched in the larval cuticle and could be induced by multiple insecticides. Both SfruCSP1 and SfruCSP2 are highly expressed in the larval inner endocuticle and outer epicuticle, and these two proteins exhibited high binding affinities with three insecticides (chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos and indoxacarb). The knockdown of SfruCSP1 and SfruCSP2 increased the susceptibility of FAW larvae to the above three insecticides, and significantly increased the penetration ratios of these insecticides. Our in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that SfruCSP1 and SfruCSP2 are insecticide binding proteins and confer FAW larval resistance to chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos and indoxacarb by an insecticide sequestration mechanism. The study should aid in the exploration of larval cuticle-enriched CSPs for insect resistance management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinhui Yin
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiyuan Hu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shaohua Gu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tu J, Wang Z, Yang F, Liu H, Qiao G, Zhang A, Wang S. The Female-Biased General Odorant Binding Protein 2 of Semiothisa cinerearia Displays Binding Affinity for Biologically Active Host Plant Volatiles. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:274. [PMID: 38666886 PMCID: PMC11048283 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects rely on volatile chemical cues from host plants to locate food sources and oviposition sites. General odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) are believed to be involved in the detection of host plant volatiles. In the present study, one GOBP gene, ScinGOBP2, was cloned from the antennae of adult Semiothisa cinerearia. Reverse-transcription PCR and real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of ScinGOBP2 was strongly biased towards the female antennae. Fluorescence-based competitive binding assays revealed that 8 of the 27 host plant volatiles, including geranyl acetone, decanal, cis-3-hexenyl n-valerate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, 1-nonene, dipentene, α-pinene and β-pinene, bound to ScinGOBP2 (KD = 2.21-14.94 μM). The electrical activities of all eight ScinGOBP2 ligands were confirmed using electroantennography. Furthermore, oviposition preference experiments showed that eight host volatiles, such as decanal, cis-3-hexenyl n-valerate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, and α-pinene, had an attractive effect on female S. cinerearia, whereas geranyl acetone, 1-nonene, β-pinene, and dipentene inhibited oviposition in females. Consequently, it can be postulated that ScinGOBP2 may be implicated in the perception of host plant volatiles and that ScinGOBP2 ligands represent significant semiochemicals mediating the interactions between plants and S. cinerearia. This insight could facilitate the development of a chemical ecology-based approach for the management of S. cinerearia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Coconstructed by the Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (Z.W.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (G.Q.)
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Coconstructed by the Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (Z.W.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (G.Q.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Coconstructed by the Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (Z.W.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (G.Q.)
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Coconstructed by the Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (Z.W.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (G.Q.)
| | - Guanghang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Coconstructed by the Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (Z.W.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (G.Q.)
| | - Aihuan Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Shanning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Coconstructed by the Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (Z.W.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (G.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Liao M, Cao H, Gao Q. Identification and functional characterization of two antenna-specifc odorant-binding proteins in Plutella xylostella response to 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130031. [PMID: 38331072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Plutella xylostella is an important cruciferous crop pest with a serious resistance to multiple insecticides, a novel natural compound, 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine were isolated, that showed significant repellent activity against P. xylostella with olfactory system as a potential target. Eight odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were determined as candidate target genes using RT-qPCR (Quantitative reverse transcription PCR), most of them were clustered with OBPs from Spodoptera frugiperda. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that PxylPBP2 (Pheromone binding protein) and PxylOBP3 had Ki values of 7.13 ± 0.41 μM and 9.56 ± 0.35 μM, indicating a high binding affinity to the pyrazine. Moreover, the binding style between these two OBPs and the pyrazine was determined as a hydrophobic interaction by using molecular docking. The binding between PxylPBP2 and the pyrazine was found to be more stable, and the carbon atoms of C-2 and C-3 in this pyrazine showed potential optimization characteristics. Both PxylPBP2 and PxylOBP3 were highly expressed in the antennae of both sexes. These results can be used to design and develop novel green pesticides with the pyrazine as the active or lead compound to reduce the utilization of chemical pesticides and postpone development of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buguo Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Quan Gao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han WK, Tang FX, Yan YY, Wang Y, Zhang YX, Yu N, Wang K, Liu ZW. An OBP gene highly expressed in non-chemosensory tissues affects the phototaxis and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:81-90. [PMID: 37815404 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) were initially regarded as carriers of the odorants involved in chemosensation. However, it had been observed that a growing number of OBP genes exhibited broad expression patterns beyond chemosensory tissues. Here, an OBP gene (OBP31) was found to be highly expressed in the larval ventral nerve cord, adult brain and male reproductive organ of Spodoptera frugiperda. An OBP31 knockout strain (OBP31-/- ) was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. For OBP31-/- , the larvae needed longer time to pupate, but there was no difference in the pupal weight between OBP31-/- and wild type (WT). OBP31-/- larvae showed stronger phototaxis than the WT larvae, indicating the importance of OBP31 in light perception. For mating rhythm of adults, OBP31-/- moths displayed an earlier second mating peak. In the cross-pairing of OBP31-/- and WT moths, the mating duration was longer, and hatchability was lower in OBP31-/- group and OBP31+/- ♂ group than that in the WT group. These results suggested that OBP31 played a vital role in larval light perception and male reproductive process and could provide valuable insights into understanding the biological functions of OBPs that were not specific in chemosensory tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Xian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhai Y, Zhang F, Tian T, Yang Y, Li Y, Ren B, Hong B. The Sequence Characteristics and Binding Properties of the Odorant-Binding Protein SvelOBP1 from Sympiezomias velatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Jujube Volatiles. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:192. [PMID: 38398701 PMCID: PMC10890569 DOI: 10.3390/life14020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sympiezomias velatus (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has caused serious damage on jujube trees (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) in northern China. Semiochemicals emerging from the host are essential in the process of insects identifying and localizing the host. The highly expressed odorant-binding protein 1 of S. velatus (SvelOBP1) was assumed to play a possible role in the recognition of host volatiles. In this study, SvelOBP1 was cloned based on the antennal transcriptome of S. velatus. The recombinant SvelOBP1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-NTA resin. The predicted protein SvelOBP1 belonged to a classic OBP subfamily. The expression patterns revealed that SvelOBP1 was mainly expressed in the antennae of both males and females, whereas the expression of SvelOBP1 in other body parts could be neglected. The fluorescence binding assay indicated that SvelOBP1 displayed very strong binding affinities to dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol (Ki = 6.66 ± 0.03 and 7.98 ± 0.06 μM). The molecular docking results showed that residues Trp114, Phe115 and Asp110 may be involved in binding to both dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol and may have a great impact on odorant recognition of S. velatus. Our results provide evidence that SvelOBP1 might participate in the olfactory molecular perception of S. velatus and would promote the development of pest attractants for S. velatus control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tianqi Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Li
- Chang’an University Journal Center, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China;
| | - Bowen Ren
- Institute of Forest Protection, Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi’an 710016, China;
| | - Bo Hong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China; (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu XL, Wu ZR, Liao W, Zhang XQ, Pei YW, Lu M. The binding affinity of two general odorant binding proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda to general volatiles and insecticides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126338. [PMID: 37591429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a kind of polyphagous pest, and can damage a large number different host plants around the worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of two general odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) binding with general volatiles and insecticides are still blank. In this study, we investigated the function of two GOBPs in S. frugiperda, by expressing two SfruGOBPs and tested the binding affinities by the fluorescence competition binding assays. The results exhibited that SfruGOBP1 has binding affinities to 4 of 38 general volatiles and 3 of 7 insecticides. In contrast, SfruGOBP2 showed a broader ligand-binding spectrum to 21 volatiles and 4 insecticides, suggesting SfruGOBP2 may plays a more important role in perceiving host volatiles than SfruGOBP1. Furthermore, we used molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis assay to explored the key amino acid residues of two SfruGOBP to insecticides ligand. This study provides some valuable information to exploring the olfactory mechanism of two GOBPs bound the host plant volatiles and insecticides in S. frugiperda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhe-Ran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Wen Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang G, Liu Z, Gu S, Zhang B, Sun J. Identification and functional analysis of odorant-binding proteins of the parasitoid wasp Scleroderma guani reveal a chemosensory synergistic evolution with the host Monochamus alternatus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126088. [PMID: 37532193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Scleroderma guani is a generalist ectoparasitoid of wood-boring insects. The chemosensory genes expressed in its antennae play crucial roles in host-seeking. In the present study, we identified 14 OBP genes for the first time from the antennae transcriptomes and genomic data of S. guani. The expression profiles of 14 OBPs were tested by RT-qPCR, and the RT-qPCR results showed that SguaOBP2/5/6/11/12/13 were specifically highly expressed in the female antennae. Then we performed ligand binding assays to test the interactions between six selected SguaOBPs with host specific chemical compounds from M. alternatus and pines. The binding results indicated that SguaOBP12 had a higher binding affinity with longifolene, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, butylated hydroxytoluene, and 3-carene. SguaOBP11 had a high or medium binding affinity with them. Furthermore, both SguaOBP11 and SguaOBP12 had a medium binding affinity with the aggregation pheromone of Monochamus species, 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol. Finally, by using molecular docking and RNAi, we further explored the molecular interactions and behavioral functions of SguaOBP11 and SguaOBP12 with these vital odor molecules. Our study contributes to the further understanding of chemical communications between S. guani and its host, and further exploration for its role as a more effective biological control agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhudong Liu
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions/College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shaohua Gu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions/College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions/College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong JF, Wang K, Sun YL, Tian CH, Wang SL. Antennal transcriptome analysis of odorant-binding proteins and characterization of GOBP2 in the variegated cutworm Peridroma saucia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241324. [PMID: 37637146 PMCID: PMC10450149 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are expressed at extremely high concentrations in the chemo-sensilla lymph of insects and have long been thought to be crucial for delivering the semiochemicals to the odorant receptors. They are represented by multiple classes: general odorant-binding proteins (GOBP1 and GOBP2) and pheromone-binding proteins. In the current study, we identified a total of 35 OBPs in the antennal transcriptome of Peridroma saucia, a worldwide pest that causes serious damage to various crops. A gene expression value (TPM, transcripts per million) analysis revealed that seven OBPs (PsauPBP1/2/3, PsauGOBP1/2, PsauOBP6, and PsauOBP8) were highly abundant in the antennae. Next, we focused on the expression and functional characterization of PsauGOBP2. Real-time quantitative-PCR analysis demonstrated that PsauGOBP2 was predominantly expressed in the antennae of both sexes. Fluorescence binding assays showed that the recombinant PsauGOBP2 strongly binds to the female sex pheromone components Z11-16: Ac (Ki = 4.2 μM) and Z9-14: Ac (Ki = 4.9 μM) and binds moderately (6 µM ≤ Ki ≤ 13 µM) to the host plant volatiles phenylethyl acetate, β-myrcene, and dodecanol. Further 3D structural modeling and molecular docking revealed that several crucial amino acid residues are involved in ligand binding. The results not only increase our understanding of the olfactory system of P. saucia but also provide insights into the function of PsauGOBP2 that has implications for developing sustainable approaches for P. saucia management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Lan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai-Hong Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong JF, Sun YL, Wang K, Guo H, Wang SL. Expression, affinity, and binding mode analysis of antennal-binding protein X in the variegated cutworm Peridroma saucia (Hübner). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124671. [PMID: 37137349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The variegated cutworm Peridroma saucia (Hübner) is a worldwide pest that causes serious damage to many crops. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are small soluble proteins involved in the first step of odorant reception. In moths, antennal-binding protein Xs (ABPXs) represent a main subfamily of classic OBPs. However, their functions remain unclear. Here, we cloned the ABPX gene from the antennae of P. saucia. RT-qPCR and western-blot analyses showed that PsauABPX is antenna-predominant and male-biased. Further temporal expression investigation indicated that the expression of PsauABPX started 1 day before eclosion and reached the highest 3 days after eclosion. Next, fluorescence binding assays revealed that recombinant PsauABPX had high binding affinities with P. saucia female sex pheromone components Z11-16: Ac and Z9-14: Ac. Then, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and site-directed mutagenesis were employed to identify key amino acid residues involved in the binding of PsauABPX to Z11-16: Ac and Z9-14: Ac. The results demonstrated that Val-32, Gln-107 and Tyr-114 are essential for the binding to both sex pheromones. This study not only give us insight into the function and binding mechanism of ABPXs in moths, but could also be used to explore novel strategies to control P. saucia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Ya-Lan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Shao-Li Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang HH, Li SP, Yin MZ, Zhu XY, Li JB, Zhang YN, Li XM. Functional differentiation of two general odorant-binding proteins to sex pheromones in Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105348. [PMID: 36963930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A precise chemosensory system can help insects complete various important behavioral responses by accurately identifying different external odorants. Therefore, deeply understanding the mechanism of insect recognition of important odorants will help us develop efficient and environmentally-friendly behavioral inhibitors. Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest that feeds on >350 different host plants worldwide and also harms maize production in China. However, the molecular mechanism of the first step for males to use odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) to recognize sex pheromones remains unclear. Here, we obtained 50 OBPs from the S. frugiperda genome, and the expression level of SfruGOBP1 in females was significantly higher than that in males, whereas SfruGOBP2 displayed male-biased expression. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that only SfruGOBP2 showed binding affinities for the four sex pheromones of female S. frugiperda. Subsequently, we identified some key amino acid residues that can participate in the interaction between SfruGOBP2 and sex pheromones using molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis methods. These findings will help us explore the interaction mechanism between GOBPs and sex pheromones in moths, and provide important target genes for developing new mating inhibitors of S. frugiperda in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Shu-Peng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Mao-Zhu Yin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Jin-Bu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 234000, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Li Y, Wei ZQ, Hou JH, Si YX, Zhang J, Dong SL, Yan Q. Identification and Functional Characterization of General Odorant Binding Proteins in Orthaga achatina. INSECTS 2023; 14:216. [PMID: 36975901 PMCID: PMC10051560 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system in insects are crucial for recognition of host plants and oviposition sites. General odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) are thought to be involved in detecting odorants released by host plants. Orthaga achatina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most serious pests of camphor trees, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl, an important urban tree species in southern China. In this study, we study the GOBPs of O. achatina. Firstly, two full-length GOBP genes (OachGOBP1 and OachGOBP2) were successfully cloned according to transcriptome sequencing results, and real-time quantitative PCR measurements showed that both GOBP genes were specifically expressed in the antennae of both sexes, proposing their important roles in olfaction. Then, both GOBP genes were heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli and fluorescence competitive binding assays were conducted. The results showed that OachGOBP1 could bind Farnesol (Ki = 9.49 μM) and Z11-16: OH (Ki = 1.57 μM). OachGOBP2 has a high binding affinity with two camphor plant volatiles (Farnesol, Ki = 7.33 μM; α-Phellandrene, Ki = 8.71 μM) and two sex pheromone components (Z11-16: OAc, Ki = 2.84 μM; Z11-16: OH, Ki = 3.30 μM). These results indicate that OachGOBP1 and OachGOBP2 differ in terms of odorants and other ligands. Furthermore, key amino acid residues that bind to plant volatiles were identified in GOBPs using 3-D structure modeling and ligand molecular docking, predicting the interactions between the GOBPs and the host plant volatiles.
Collapse
|
12
|
A Highly Expressed Antennae Odorant-Binding Protein Involved in Recognition of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles in Dastarcus helophoroides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043464. [PMID: 36834874 PMCID: PMC9962305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural enemies such as parasitoids and parasites depend on sensitive olfactory to search for their specific hosts. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are vital components in providing host information for many natural enemies of herbivores. However, the olfactory-related proteins involved in the recognition of HIPVs are rarely reported. In this study, we established an exhaustive tissue and developmental expression profile of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) from Dastarcus helophoroides, an essential natural enemy in the forestry ecosystem. Twenty DhelOBPs displayed various expression patterns in different organs and adult physiological states, suggesting a potential involvement in olfactory perception. In silico AlphaFold2-based modeling and molecular docking showed similar binding energies between six DhelOBPs (DhelOBP4, 5, 6, 14, 18, and 20) and HIPVs from Pinus massoniana. While in vitro fluorescence competitive binding assays showed only recombinant DhelOBP4, the most highly expressed in the antennae of emerging adults could bind to HIPVs with high binding affinities. RNAi-mediated behavioral assays indicated that DhelOBP4 was an essential functional protein for D. helophoroides adults recognizing two behaviorally attractive substances: p-cymene and γ-terpinene. Further binding conformation analyses revealed that Phe 54, Val 56, and Phe 71 might be the key binding sites for DhelOBP4 interacting with HIPVs. In conclusion, our results provide an essential molecular basis for the olfactory perception of D. helophoroides and reliable evidence for recognizing the HIPVs of natural enemies from insect OBPs' perspective.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li LL, Xu BQ, Li CQ, Li BL, Chen XL, Li GW. Different Binding Affinities of Three General Odorant-Binding Proteins in Grapholita funebrana (Treitscheke) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Sex Pheromones, Host Plant Volatiles, and Insecticides. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1129-1145. [PMID: 35604383 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insect general odorant-binding proteins (GOBPs) play irreplaceable roles in filtering, binding, and transporting host odorants to olfactory receptors. Grapholita funebrana (Treitscheke) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an economically important pest of fruit crops, uses fruit volatiles as cues to locate host plants. However, the functions of GOBPs in G. funebrana are still unknown. Three GOBP genes, namely, GfunGOBP1, GfunGOBP2, and GfunGOBP3, were cloned, and their expression profiles in different tissues were detected by the method of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The binding properties of recombinant GfunGOBPs (rGfunGOBPs) to various ligands were investigated via fluorescence binding assays. The three GfunGOBPs were mainly expressed in the antennae of both male and female moths. All these three rGfunGOBPs could bind to sex pheromones, while having varying affinities toward these pheromones. The three rGfunGOBPs also displayed a wide range of ligand-binding spectrums with tested host odorants. The rGfunGOBP1, rGfunGOBP2, and rGfunGOBP3 bound to 34, 33, and 30 out of the 41 tested odorants, respectively. Three rGfunGOBPs had overlapping binding activities to β-myrcene, (-)-α-phellandrene, and ethyl isovalerate with the Ki less than 3.0 μM. The rGfunGOBP1 and rGfunGOBP3 could selectively bind to several insecticides, whereas rGfunGOBP2 could not. Three rGfunGOBPs had the dual functions of selectively binding to sex pheromones and host odorants. Moreover, the rGfunGOBP1 and rGfunGOBP3 can also serve as 'signal proteins' and bind to different insecticides. This study contributed to elucidating the potential molecular mechanism of the olfaction for G. funebrana, and thereby promotes the development of effective botanical attractants or pheromone synergists to control G. funebrana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Qiang Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumchi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Qin Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Liao Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Lin Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Wei Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hao E, Li Y, Guo B, Yang X, Lu P, Qiao H. Key Residues Affecting Binding Affinity of Sirex noctilio Fabricius Odorant-Binding Protein (SnocOBP9) to Aggregation Pheromone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158456. [PMID: 35955589 PMCID: PMC9369295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera Siricidae) is a major quarantine pest responsible for substantial economic losses in the pine industry. To achieve better pest control, (Z)-3-decen-ol was identified as the male pheromone and used as a field chemical trapping agent. However, the interactions between odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and pheromones are poorly described. In this study, SnocOBP9 had a higher binding affinity with Z3D (Ki = 1.53 ± 0.09 μM) than other chemical ligands. Molecular dynamics simulation and binding mode analysis revealed that several nonpolar residues were the main drivers for hydrophobic interactions between SnocOBP9 and Z3D. Additionally, computational alanine scanning results indicated that five amino acids (MET54, PHE57, PHE71, PHE74, LEU116) in SnocOBP9 could potentially alter the binding affinity to Z3D. Finally, we used single-site-directed mutagenesis to substitute these five residues with alanine. These results imply that the five residues play crucial roles in the SnocOBP9-Z3D complex. Our research confirmed the function of SnocOBP9, uncovered the key residues involved in SnocOBP9-Z3D interactions, and provides an inspiration to improve the effects of pheromone agent traps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enhua Hao
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; (E.H.); (Y.L.); (B.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yini Li
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; (E.H.); (Y.L.); (B.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Bing Guo
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; (E.H.); (Y.L.); (B.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; (E.H.); (Y.L.); (B.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; (E.H.); (Y.L.); (B.G.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (H.Q.); Tel.: +86-10-6233-6755 (P.L.); +86-10-5783-3180 (H.Q.)
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (H.Q.); Tel.: +86-10-6233-6755 (P.L.); +86-10-5783-3180 (H.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao SS, Li RM, Xue S, Zhang YC, Zhang YL, Wang JS, Zhang KP. Odorant Binding Protein C17 Contributes to the Response to Artemisia vulgaris Oil in Tribolium castaneum. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:627470. [PMID: 35387178 PMCID: PMC8979489 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.627470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum), generates great financial losses to the grain storage and food processing industries. Previous studies have shown that essential oil (EO) from Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris) has strong contact toxicity to larvae of the beetle, and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) contribute to the defense of larvae against A. vulgaris. However, the functions of OBPs in insects defending against plant oil is still not clear. Here, expression of one OBP gene, TcOBPC17, was significantly induced 12–72 h after EO exposure. Furthermore, compared to the control group, RNA interference (RNAi) against TcOBPC17 resulted in a higher mortality rate after EO treatment, which suggests that TcOBPC17 involves in the defense against EO and induces a declining sensitivity to EO. In addition, the tissue expression profile analysis revealed that the expression of TcOBPC17 was more abundant in the metabolic detoxification organs of the head, fat body, epidermis, and hemolymph than in other larval tissue. The expression profile of developmental stages showed that TcOBPC17 had a higher level in early and late adult stages than in other developmental stages. Taken together, these results suggest that TcOBPC17 could participate in the sequestration process of exogenous toxicants in T. castaneum larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Gao
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Rui-Min Li
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yuan-Chen Zhang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yong-Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Shun Wang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kun-Peng Zhang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han WK, Yang YL, Si YX, Wei ZQ, Liu SR, Liu XL, Yan Q, Dong SL. Involvement of GOBP2 in the perception of a sex pheromone component in both larval and adult Spodoptera litura revealed using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 141:103719. [PMID: 34999200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
General odorant-binding proteins (GOBPs) are long considered responsible for the perception of plant odorants. In this study with the important noctuid pest Spodoptera litura, we functionally characterized that GOBP2 is also involved in the perception of sex pheromone components using in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 technique. First, the GOBP2 sgRNA and Cas9 protein were injected into the newly laid insect eggs, resulting in a 35.6% target mutagenesis in G0 moths. Then, the homozygous GOBP2 knockout strain (GOBP2-/-) was obtained after the screening of three generations. The knockout male and female moths displayed a significant reduction in EAG responses to the sex pheromone components, and the knockout females also displayed a significant reduction to plant odorants. In the behavioral assay of food choice, GOBP2-/- larvae lost the preference to artificial diet added with the major sex pheromone component Z9, E11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9, E11-14:Ac), whereas the WT larvae highly preferred the pheromone diet. Y-tube olfactometer assay and direct pheromone stimulation assay showed that GOBP2-/- male adults reduced significantly than WT males in percentages of choice, hair pencil displaying and mating attempt to Z9, E11-14:Ac. In the oviposition test, GOBP2-/- females showed significantly reduced preference for the soybean plants compared to the WT females. Our study demonstrated that GOBP2 plays an important role in perceiving sex pheromones in adult and larval stages, providing new insight into sex pheromone perception and a potential target for sex pheromone-based behavioral regulation in the pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Si
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Ruo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou X, Wang Z, Cui G, Du Z, Qian Y, Yang S, Liu M, Guo J. Binding Properties of Odorant-Binding Protein 4 of Tirathaba rufivena to Areca catechu Volatiles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020167. [PMID: 35050055 PMCID: PMC8779631 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play a key role in the olfactory system and are essential for mating and oviposition host selection. Tirathaba rufivena, a serious lepidopterous insect pest of the palm area in recent years, has threatened cultivations of Areca catechu in Hainan. Female-biased odorant-binding protein 4 of T. rufivena (TrufOBP4) expression was hypothesized to participate in the process of oviposition host recognition and localization. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the cDNA sequence of TrufOBP4. The predicted mature protein TrufOBP4 is a small, soluble, secretory protein and belongs to a classic OBP subfamily. Fluorescence binding assay results showed that TrufOBP4 had high binding abilities with the host plant volatiles, octyl methoxycinnamate, dibutyl phthalate, myristic acid and palmitic acid. These four components tend to dock in the same binding pocket based on the molecular docking result. The interactions and contributions of key amino acid residues were also characterized. This research provides evidence that TrufOBP4 might participate in the chemoreception of volatile compounds from inflorescences of A. catechu and can contribute to the integrated management of T. rufivena.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li DZ, Duan SG, Yang RN, Yi SC, Liu A, Abdelnabby HE, Wang MQ. BarH1 regulates odorant-binding proteins expression and olfactory perception of Monochamus alternatus Hope. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103677. [PMID: 34763091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are a class of small soluble proteins that can be found in various tissues wherein binding and transport of small molecules are required. Thus, OBPs are not only involved in typical olfactory function by specific activities with odorants but also participate in other physiological processes in non-chemosensory tissues. To better understand the complex biological functions of OBPs, it is necessary to study the transcriptional regulation of their expression patterns. In this paper, an apparent gradient expression pattern of Obp19, that was highly and specifically expressed in antennae and played an essential role in the detection of camphene, was defined in the antennae of the Japanese pine sawyer. Further, the transcription factor BarH1, that also presented gradient expression pattern in antennae, was found to regulate expression of Obp19 directly through binding to its upstream DNA sequence. The condition of BarH1 gene silence, the gene expression levels of Obp19 significantly decreased. At the same time, additional olfactory genes also were regulated and thus influence camphene reception. These findings provide us an opportunity to incorporate Obps in the gene regulatory networks of insects, which contribute to a better understanding of the multiplicity and diversity of OBPs and the olfactory mediated behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhen Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Shuang-Gang Duan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Rui-Nan Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shan-Cheng Yi
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ao Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hazem Elewa Abdelnabby
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, Qalyubia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guo X, Xuan N, Liu G, Xie H, Lou Q, Arnaud P, Offmann B, Picimbon JF. An Expanded Survey of the Moth PBP/GOBP Clade in Bombyx mori: New Insight into Expression and Functional Roles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712593. [PMID: 34776998 PMCID: PMC8582636 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression profile and ontogeny (from the egg stage through the larval stages and pupal stages, to the elderly adult age) of four OBPs from the silkworm moth Bombyx mori. We first showed that male responsiveness to female sex pheromone in the silkworm moth B. mori does not depend on age variation; whereas the expression of BmorPBP1, BmorPBP2, BmorGOBP1, and BmorGOBP2 varies with age. The expression profile analysis revealed that the studied OBPs are expressed in non-olfactory tissues at different developmental stages. In addition, we tested the effect of insecticide exposure on the expression of the four OBPs studied. Exposure to a toxic macrolide insecticide endectocide molecule (abamectin) led to the modulated expression of all four genes in different tissues. The higher expression of OBPs was detected in metabolic tissues, such as the thorax, gut, and fat body. All these data strongly suggest some alternative functions for these proteins other than olfaction. Finally, we carried out ligand docking studies and reported that PBP1 and GOBP2 have the capacity of binding vitamin K1 and multiple different vitamins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Xuan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qinian Lou
- Shandong Silkworm Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, UMR CNRS 6286, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Offmann
- Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, UMR CNRS 6286, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Picimbon
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, QILU University of Technology, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao H, Peng Z, Huang L, Zhao S, Liu M. Expression Profile and Ligand Screening of a Putative Odorant-Binding Protein, AcerOBP6, from the Asian Honeybee. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110955. [PMID: 34821756 PMCID: PMC8622152 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The olfactory sensillum, which is located in the antenna of insects, is the basic unit of the olfactory organ. Olfactory-related genes are expressed in the sensillum. It is believed that the process of olfaction recognition is mainly mediated by two gene families, odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and olfactory receptors (ORs). The honeybee possesses a large numbers of ORs, but few OBPs. Up to now, the function of OBPs in the honeybee has not yet been fully elucidated. In order to reveal the specific role of OBPs from Apis cerana cerana, we selected an OBP gene, AcerOBP6, which is highly expressed in the antennae of worker bees, acquired a purified protein via a prokaryotic expression system, and analyzed its function using bioinformatics, molecular biology, and electrophysiology. According to the result, AcerOBP6 was a protein with extensive binding affinity, and we speculated that its function was chiefly related to foraging. Overall, this research not only explains the essential role of OBPs in ligand binding, but also provides valuable resources to help researchers further understand the nature and mechanism of the olfactory system. Abstract Olfaction is essential in some behaviors of honeybee, such as nursing, foraging, attracting a mate, social communication, and kin recognition. OBPs (odorant binding proteins) play a key role in the first step of olfactory perception. Here, we focused on a classic OBP with a PBP-GOBP domain from the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana cerana. Beyond that, the mRNA expression profiles and the binding affinity of AcerOBP6 were researched. According to qRT-PCR analysis, AcerOBP6 transcripts were mainly expressed in the antennae of forager bees. In addition, we found that the expression level of AcerOBP6 was higher than that of AmelOBP6. The fluorescence competitive binding assay indicated that the AcerOBP6 protein had binding affinity with most of the tested odors, including queen pheromone, worker pheromone, and floral volatiles, among which the strongest one was linolenic acid (with a Ki value of 1.67). However, AcerOBP6 was not sensitive to the brood pheromones. A further study based on EAG assay revealed that the antennae had the strongest response to 2-heptanone. The EAG recording values of the selected ligands were all reduced after AcerOBP6 was silenced, with 8 of 14 declining significantly (p < 0.01) given that these odors could specifically bind to AcerOBP6. As revealed in our current study, AcerOBP6 might be a crucial protein involved in olfactory recognition for foraging. Overall, the research provides a foundation for exploring the olfactory mechanism of A. cerana cerana.
Collapse
|
21
|
GOBP1 from the Variegated Cutworm Peridroma saucia (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Displays High Binding Affinities to the Behavioral Attractant ( Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100939. [PMID: 34680708 PMCID: PMC8540349 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The variegated cutworm Peridroma saucia (Hübner) is a worldwide pest that causes serious damage to many crops. To recognize sex pheromones and host plant volatiles, insects depend on olfactory chemoreception involving general odorant-binding proteins (GOBPs). In this study, PsauGOBP1 was cloned from the adult antennae of P. saucia. RT-qPCR and Western-blot analysis showed that PsauGOBP1 was specifically and equally expressed in the adult antennae of both females and males. Fluorescence competitive-binding assays with sex pheromones and host plant volatiles demonstrated that PsauGOBP1 bound to six host plant volatiles: (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (KD = 4.0 ± 0.1 μM), citral (KD = 5.6 ± 0.4 μM), farnesol (KD = 6.4 ± 0.6 μM), nonanal (KD = 6.8 ± 0.3 μM), (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (KD = 8.5 ± 0.6 μM), and benzaldehyde (KD = 9.4 ± 0.5 μM). Electroantennogram recordings with the six host plant volatiles indicated that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate elicited the strongest responses from both male and female antennae. Further bioassays using Y-tube olfactometers showed that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was attractive to adult P. saucia of both sexes. These results suggest that PsauGOBP1 might be involved in detecting host plant volatiles and that (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate might serve as a potential attractant for the biological control of P. saucia.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Yang F, Sun A, Shan S, Zhang Y, Wang S. Expression Profiles and Functional Characterization of Chemosensory Protein 15 (HhalCSP15) in the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys. Front Physiol 2021; 12:721247. [PMID: 34552507 PMCID: PMC8450399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.721247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been identified in the sensory tissues of various insect species and are believed to be involved in chemical communication in insects. However, the physiological roles of CSPs in Halyomorpha halys, a highly invasive insect species, are rarely reported. Here, we focused on one of the antennal CSPs (HhalCSP15) and determined whether it was involved in olfactory perception. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that HhalCSP15 was enriched in nymph and male and female adult antennae, indicating its possible involvement in the chemosensory process. Fluorescence competitive binding assays revealed that three of 43 natural compounds showed binding abilities with HhalCSP15, including β-ionone (Ki=11.9±0.6μM), cis-3-hexen-1-yl benzoate (Ki=10.5±0.4μM), and methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate (EEZ-MDT; Ki=9.6±0.8μM). Docking analysis supported the experimental affinity for the three ligands. Additionally, the electrophysiological activities of the three ligands were further confirmed using electroantennography (EAG). EEZ-MDT is particularly interesting, as it serves as a kairomone when H. halys forages for host plants. We therefore conclude that HhalCSP15 might be involved in the detection of host-related volatiles. Our data provide a basis for further investigation of the physiological roles of CSPs in H. halys, and extend the olfactory function of CSPs in stink bugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanning Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wei HS, Qin JH, Cao YZ, Li KB, Yin J. Two classic OBPs modulate the responses of female Holotrichia oblita to three major ester host plant volatiles. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:390-399. [PMID: 33822423 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insects possess a fairly sophisticated olfactory system in their antennae to detect odorants essential for their survival and reproduction. Among them, insect first perceives odour sources by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) to locate host-plants. Methyl salicylate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate are major volatile components of Ulmus pumila and Ricinus communis and elicit strong responses of the scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita adults. However, olfactory perception of the scarab beetle to these odorant compounds is unclear. In the current study, we cloned the OBP6 and OBP7 of H. oblita. The expression pattern shows that the two genes were highly expressed in the antennae of female beetles. Binding assays verified that the HoblOBP6 had a better binding affinity to methyl salicylate, and so did HoblOBP7 to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate. The effect on the responses of female beetles to the three compounds was decreased significantly after these two genes were silenced by RNA interference. These results indicate that HoblOBP6 and HoblOBP7 are essential for female H. oblita perception of methyl salicylate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate. Our study provides important insights into the olfactory mechanism of female H. oblita to ester plant volatiles and could facilitate the development of potential pest control strategies in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-S Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J-H Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Z Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K-B Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ai H, Liu Y, Long G, Yuan Y, Huang S, Chen Y. Functional characteristics of a novel odorant binding protein in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14027. [PMID: 34234208 PMCID: PMC8263619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect olfaction system plays a key role in the foraging food, pollination, mating, oviposition, reproduction and other insect physiological behavior. Odorant binding protein are widely found in the various olfactory sensilla of different insect antennae and involved in chemical signals discrimination from natural environment. In this study, a novel OBP gene, MvitOBP3 is identified from the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, which it mainly harms important legume vegetables including cowpea, soybean and lablab bean. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that MvitOBP3 gene was abundantly expressed in the antennal tissue of M. vitrata, while low levels were distributed in the head, thorax, abdomen, leg and wing of adult moths. The recombinant OBP3 protein was purified using the prokaryotic expression and affinity chromatography system. Fluorescence competitive binding experiments indicated that that MvitOBP3 protein exhibited greater binding affinities with host-plant flower volatiles including Butanoic acid butyl ester, Limonene, 1H-indol-4-ol and 2-methyl-3-phenylpropanal, highlighting they may have attractant activities for the oviposition of female moths on the legume vegetables. Moreover, protein homology modeling and molecular docking analysis revealed that there are six amino acid sites of MvitOBP3 involved in the binding of the host-plant volatiles. These findings will further promote to understand the key role of odorant binding protein during host perception and oviposition of M. vitrata moths, which improve the efficiency of semiochemical-based prevention and monitoring for this pest in the legume vegetables field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guangyan Long
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shaopei Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, 430212, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Q, Xiao Y, An XK, Shan S, Khashaveh A, Gu SH, Zhang YH, Zhang YJ. Functional Characterization of a Candidate Sex Pheromone Receptor AlinOR33 Involved in the Chemoreception of Adelphocoris lineolatus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6769-6778. [PMID: 34115502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sex pheromones are deemed to play a significant role in sexual communication of most insects. Although many sex pheromone components in mirid bugs have been identified, the roles of odorant receptors in sex pheromone perception in Adelphocoris spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) remain unknown so far. Here, AlinOR33, a candidate sex pheromone receptor in Adelphocoris lineolatus was functionally characterized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AlinOR33 clustered with the sex pheromone receptor AlucOR4 fromApolygus lucorum. Quantitative real-time PCR measurement revealed that the expression of AlinOR33 increased gradually from nymph to adult stage and reached its peak in the antennae of 3-day-old mated male bugs. The subsequent in situ hybridization demonstrated that AlinOR33 was mainly expressed in sensilla trichoid on the antennae of A. lineolatus. In the two-electrode voltage clamp recordings, AlinOR33/AlinOrco was specifically tuned to four sex pheromone components including butyl butyrate, hexyl hexanoate, trans-2-hexenyl butyrate and hexyl butyrate, and especially most sensitive to the major component trans-2-hexenyl butyrate. After dsAlinOR33 injection, the electroantennogram responses of males to four sex pheromone components were reduced significantly (∼50%). Compared to control bugs, dsAlinOR33-injected male bugs almost lost behavioral preference for trans-2-hexenyl butyrate. Furthermore, the wingbeat frequency of dsAlinOR33-injected male bugs notably declined. Therefore, we conclude that as a candidate sex pheromone receptor, AlinOR33 plays essential roles in the sexual behavior of A. lineolatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xing-Kui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu C, Yang F, Duan S, Li D, Li L, Wang M, Zhou A. Discovery of behaviorally active semiochemicals in Aenasius bambawalei using a reverse chemical ecology approach. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2843-2853. [PMID: 33538389 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, has caused serious damage to cotton crops throughout the world. Aenasius bambawalei is a dominant endoparasitoid of P. solenopsis. Exploration of behaviorally active semiochemicals may promote the efficacy of parasitoids used in biological control. Reverse chemical ecology, based on the physiological function of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), provides an effective approach to screen behaviorally active compounds to target insect pests. Determination of the binding mechanisms and specificity towards different odorants in A. bambawalei may facilitate the development of more-efficient biological control strategies. RESULTS We characterized the expression profile and analyzed the binding affinity of OBP28 in A. bambawalei. AbamOBP28 showed high expression in the wings and antennae of both male and female A. bambawalei. A fluorescence competitive binding assay indicated that AbamOBP28 displayed strong binding affinity to most candidate ligands. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that 1-octen-3-one, myrcene, dodecane, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, nonanal, and limonene elicited conformational changes in AbamOBP28. Electrophysiological and behavioral bioassays revealed that diethyl sebacate, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, and 1-octen-3-one evoked significant electroantennography responses and functioned as attractants in A. bambawalei at specific concentrations. Furthermore, three-dimensional structure modeling and molecular docking showed that hydrogen bonds were formed by Glu1 and Ser75 of AbamOBP28 with diethyl sebacate, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that AbamOBP28 is involved in the chemoreception of A. bambawalei. The identified protein provides a potential target for efficient enemy utilization and pest control, and the overall results may help develop protocols for more effective screening of behaviorally active semiochemicals. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuanggang Duan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongzhen Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Manqun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiming Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo H, Guo PP, Sun YL, Huang LQ, Wang CZ. Contribution of odorant binding proteins to olfactory detection of (Z)-11-hexadecenal in Helicoverpa armigera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 131:103554. [PMID: 33600999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera utilizes (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) as its major sex pheromone component. Three pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and two general odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) are abundantly expressed in the male antennae of H. armigera. However, their precise roles in the olfactory detection of Z11-16:Ald remain enigmatic. To answer this question, we first synthesized the antibody against HarmOR13, an olfactory receptor (OR) primarily responding to Z11-16:Ald and mapped the local associations between PBPs/GOBPs and HarmOR13. Immunostaining showed that HarmPBPs and HarmGOBPs were localized in the supporting cells of trichoid sensilla and basiconic sensilla respectively. In particular, HarmPBP1 and HarmPBP2 were colocalized in the cells surrounding the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing HarmOR13. Next, using two noninterfering binary expression tools, we heterologously expressed HarmPBP1, HarmPBP2 and HarmOR13 in Drosophila T1 sensilla to validate the functional interplay between PBPs and HarmOR13. We found that the addition of HarmPBP1 or HarmPBP2, not HarmPBP3, significantly increased HarmOR13's response to Z11-16:Ald. However, the presence of either HarmPBP1 or HarmPBP2 was ineffective to change the tuning breadth of HarmOR13 and modulate the response kinetics of this receptor. Taken together, this work demonstrates both HarmPBP1 and HarmPBP2 are involved in Z11-16:Ald detection. Our results support the idea that PBPs can contribute to the peripheral olfactory sensitivity but do little in modulating the selectivity and the response kinetics of corresponding ORs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ping-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ya-Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Forest College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Ling-Qiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chen-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Q, Liu JT, Zhang YJ, Chen JL, Li XC, Liang P, Gao XW, Zhou JJ, Gu SH. Coordinative mediation of the response to alarm pheromones by three odorant binding proteins in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 130:103528. [PMID: 33482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play an essential role for insect chemosensation in insect peripheral nervous systems of antennae. Each antennal sensilla contains more than one OBP at high concentrations but the interactions and cooperation between co-localized OBPs are rarely reported. In present study, we cloned, expressed and purified eight OBPs of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. The effects of knocking down the expression of these OBP genes by RNAi on the electrophysiological and behavioural responses of M. persicae to the aphid alarm pheromone, (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) were investigated. The results showed that the aphids could still be repelled by EβF when the expression of each of three OBP genes was individually knocked down. However, the simultaneous knockdown of MperOBP3/7/9 expression significantly reduced the electrophysiological response and the repellent behaviours of M. persicae to EβF than the single OBP gene knockdown (P < 0.05). Rather than a normal saturation binding curve of individual OBP, the binding curve of MperOBP3/7/9 is bell-shaped with a higher affinity for the fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (1-NPN). The competitive binding assays confirmed that MperOBP3, MperOBP7, MperOBP9 and MperOBP3/7/9 mixture exhibited a stronger binding affinity for EβF, than for sex pheromones and plant volatiles with a dissociation constant of 2.5 μM, 1.1 μM, 3.9 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively. The competitive binding curve of MperOBP3/7/9 mixture to EβF is shallow without bottom plateau, suggesting a conformational change and a rapid dissociation after the displacement of all 1-NPN (in vivo after the saturation binding of all OBPs by EβF). The interaction between OBPs and formation of a heterogeneous unit may facilitate the delivery EβF to the OR at electrophysiological and behavioural levels during insect odorant signal transduction thus mediate M. persicae response to the alarm pheromone EβF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ju-Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian-Chun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi-Wu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang YN, Zhang XC, Zhu R, Yao WC, Xu JW, Wang M, Ren JY, Xu CZ, Huang ZR, Zhang XW, Yu W, Liao HX, Yuan XH, Wu XM. Computational and Experimental Approaches to Decipher the Binding Mechanism of General Odorant-Binding Protein 2 from Athetis lepigone to Chlorpyrifos and Phoxim. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:88-100. [PMID: 33356208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect resistance to insecticides is an increasingly serious problem, and the resistant mechanisms are complicated. The resistance research based on the chemosensory pathway is one of the hot problems at present, but the specific binding mechanism of chemosensory genes and insecticides remains elusive. The binding mechanism of AlepGOBP2 (belong to insect chemosensory gene) with two insecticides was investigated by computational and experimental approaches. Our calculation results indicated that four key residues (Phe12, Ile52, Ile94, and Phe118) could steadily interact with these two insecticides and be assigned as hotspot sites responsible for their binding affinities. The significant alkyl-π and hydrophobic interactions involved by these four hotspot residues were found to be the driving forces for their binding affinities, especially for two residues (Phe12 and Ile94) that significantly contribute to the binding of chlorpyrifos, which were also validated by our binding assay results. Furthermore, we also found that the AlepGOBP2-chlorpyrifos/phoxim complexes can be more efficiently converged in the residue-specific force field-(RSFF2C) and its higher accuracy and repeatability in protein dynamics simulation, per-residue free energy decomposition, and computational alanine scanning calculations have also been achieved in this paper. These findings provided useful insights for efficient and reliable calculation of the binding mechanism of relevant AlepGOBPs with other insecticides, facilitating to develop new and efficient insecticides targeting the key sites of AlepGOBP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Wei-Chen Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Ji-Wei Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Jia-Yi Ren
- Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Zhen Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Xing-Wang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Zhuhai Trinomab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cheng W, Zhang Y, Yu J, Liu W, Zhu-Salzman K. Functional Analysis of Odorant-Binding Proteins 12 and 17 from Wheat Blossom Midge Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120891. [PMID: 33348639 PMCID: PMC7767053 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sitodiplosis mosellana is one of the most destructive pests of wheat. Adults rely highly on wheat spike volatiles to search and locate oviposition sites. Insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are important in binding and transporting host plant volatiles to the olfactory receptors. Therefore, OBP-based behavioral interference is believed to be a novel and effective pest management strategy. The objectives of this study were to clone two S. mosellana female antenna-enriched OBP genes (SmosOBP12 and SmosOBP17), determine the functions of the encoded SmosOBP proteins in binding wheat volatiles, and investigate behavioral responses of female S. mosellana to odorant molecules. Results indicated that SmosOBP12 had a broader ligand-binding spectrum than SmosOBP17 to wheat volatiles. Female S. mosellana showed intensive response to 3-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, D-panthenol, 3-carene, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, hexyl acetate, methyl salicylate, heptyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, α-farnesene, and ocimene. Notably, all these compounds except α-farnesene exhibited strong affinity to SmosOBP12. In conclusion, SmosOBP12 may play more crucial roles than SmosOBP17 in perception and transportation of biologically active host volatiles. This information has enhanced our molecular understanding of the S. mosellana olfaction, which could also serve as an important reference for developing attractants or repellents to control this pest. Abstract The wheat blossom midge Sitodiplosis mosellana, one of the most disastrous wheat pests, depends highly on olfactory cues to track suitable plants. To better understand the olfactory recognition mechanisms involved in host selection, in the present study we cloned two S. mosellana adult antenna-specific odorant binding protein (OBP) genes, SmosOBP12 and SmosOBP17, and evaluated bacterially expressed recombinant proteins for their selectivity and sensitivity for host wheat volatiles using the fluorescence-based ligand binding assay. The results showed that both SmosOBPs effectively bound alcohol, ester, ketone, and terpenoid compounds. Particularly, SmosOBP12 had significantly higher affinities (Ki < 10.5 μM) than SmosOBP17 (Ki2 > 0.1 μM) to 3-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, D-panthenol, 3-carene, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, hexyl acetate, methyl salicylate, heptyl acetate, and ethyl heptanoate. Consistently, S. mosellana females were attracted to all these chemicals in a behavioral assay using Y-tube olfactometer. SmosOBP12 also bound aldehyde, but neither bound alkanes. Notably, SmosOBP12 exhibited strong affinity to ocimene (Ki = 8.2 μM) that repelled S. mosellana. SmosOBP17, however, was insensitive to this compound. Taken together, our results indicate that SmosOBP12 may play a greater role than SmosOBP17 in perceiving these biologically active plant volatiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weining Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (K.Z.-S.)
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Jinlin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (K.Z.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Hu Y, Bi J, Kong X, Long G, Zheng Y, Liu K, Wang Y, Xu H, Guan C, Ai H. Odorant-binding proteins involved in sex pheromone and host-plant recognition of the sugarcane borer Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4064-4076. [PMID: 32542949 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are responsible for transporting sex pheromones and general odorant-binding proteins (GOBPs) have been proposed to transport host-plant volatiles. A large number of OBPs have been identified from Lepidoptera species. However, olfactory molecular biology and physiology studies on PBP and GOBP in sugarcane pests are limited. Chilo infuscatellus is one of the most widely distributed pests in sugarcane-producing areas. RESULTS Three PBPs (CinfPBP1, CinfPBP2 and CinfPBP3) and two GOBPs (CinfGOBP1 and CinfGOBP2) were identified, and five olfactory gene transcripts were abundantly expressed in antennae of C. infuscatellus. Binding assays showed that CinfPBP1-3 exhibited strong binding affinity for the sex pheromone components Z11-16:OH and 16:OH of C. infuscatellus. Meanwhile, CinfGOBP1-2 had high binding affinity with host-plant volatiles from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Field-trapping results suggested that four volatile components, octadecane, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, α-terpineol and hexadecane from host plants and sex pheromone mixed baits have synergistic roles in attracting C. infuscatellus adult moths. CONCLUSION Functional characterization of CinfPBPs and CinfGOBPs in C. infuscatellus could help us find new environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional pest control using pesticides in sugarcane fields. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Sugarcane Improvement & Biorefinery, Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Bi
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotong Kong
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyan Long
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanliang Xu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Sugarcane Improvement & Biorefinery, Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxiong Guan
- Guangdong Key Lab of Sugarcane Improvement & Biorefinery, Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ai
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Interpopulational Variations of Odorant-Binding Protein Expression in the Black Cutworm Moth, Agrotis ipsilon. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110798. [PMID: 33202803 PMCID: PMC7696954 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are small soluble transporter proteins that are believed to play a key role in insect olfaction. However, there is an emerging set of data that shows a role in insecticide resistance for similar families of binding proteins. The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon is a migrant species of moth known to feed on multiple types of crops (polyphagous) worldwide. It is therefore likely that the olfactory system of this species can be modulated to adapt to different environments. We compared gene expression between American and European continental populations of the moth. We found continental-specific expression of antennal binding protein X (ABPX) and general odorant-binding protein 2 (GOBP2), suggesting a function of these proteins in migration, environment recognition, crop change and adaptation that are required for a polyphagous species such as A. ipsilon. Abstract A long-range migrant species of moth (Agrotis ipsilon) has served as a model to compare the expression profiles of antennal proteins between different continental populations. Our results showed that the American and French populations of the black cutworm moth, A. ipsilon, expressed the same odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), but apparently in different levels. Electrophoretic analysis of antennal protein profiles and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using RNA as a template showed significant differences between the two populations in the expression of antennal binding protein-X (ABPX) and general odorant-binding protein-2 (GOBP2). However, the two A. ipsilon populations showed no differences in RNA levels coding for pheromone binding proteins (PBPs), suggesting that the expression of generalist OBPs is population-specific and could be affected by specific odor and/or chemical changes in external environmental conditions. To support the role of ABPX and GOBP2 with expression, the role of ABPX and GOBP2 is discussed in regard to odor detection, memorization and/or degradation of toxic chemical insecticides.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang YC, Gao SS, Xue S, Zhang KP, Wang JS, Li B. Odorant-Binding Proteins Contribute to the Defense of the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum, Against Essential Oil of Artemisia vulgaris. Front Physiol 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32982763 PMCID: PMC7488584 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insect chemodetection has been extensively studied. However, the role of OBPs in the defense of insects against exogenous toxic substances remains elusive. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, a major pest of stored grains, causes serious economic losses for the agricultural grain and food processing industries. Here, biochemical analysis showed that essential oil (EO) from Artemisia vulgaris, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a strong contact killing effect against larvae of the red flour beetle. Furthermore, one OBP gene, TcOBPC11, was significantly induced after exposure to EO. RNA interference (RNAi) against TcOBPC11 led to higher mortality compared with the controls after EO treatment, suggesting that this OBP gene is associated with defense of the beetle against EO and leads to a decrease in sensitivity to the EO. Tissue expression profiling showed that expression of TcOBPC11 was higher in the fat body, Malpighian tubule, and hemolymph than in other larval tissues, and was mainly expressed in epidermis, fat body, and antennae from the early adult. The developmental expression profile revealed that expression of TcOBPC11 was higher in late larval stages and adult stages than in other developmental stages. These data indicate that TcOBPC11 may be involved in sequestration of exogenous toxicants in the larvae of T. castaneum. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the degradation mechanism of exogenous toxicants and identify potential novel targets for controlling the beetle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-chen Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shan-shan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kun-peng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Jing-shun Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li MY, Jiang XY, Qi YZ, Huang YJ, Li SG, Liu S. Identification and Expression Profiles of 14 Odorant-Binding Protein Genes From Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5901940. [PMID: 32889524 PMCID: PMC7474526 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The small white butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.), is an important insect pest of Brassica crops. This species utilize olfactory cues to find their hosts and mates. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the olfactory perception in this species remains unclear. Here, we identified 14 odorant-binding proteins (OBP) genes-essential for insect olfaction-in P. rapae by exploring a previously published transcriptome dataset. Proteins encoded by all of these genes contain N-terminal signal peptides and six positionally conserved cysteine residues, which are characteristic of insect OBPs. These OBPs displayed high amino acid identity with their respective orthologs in other lepidopterans, and several conserved motifs were identified within these OBPs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these OBPs were well segregated from each other and clustered into different branches. PrapOBP1 and PrapOBP2 were clustered into the 'general odorant-binding protein' clade, and PrapOBP3 and PrapOBP4 fall into the 'pheromone-binding protein' clade. The 14 OBP genes were located on seven genomic scaffolds. Of these, PrapOBP1, 2, 3, and 4 were located on scaffold332, whereas PrapOBP5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were located on scaffold116. Ten of the 14 genes had antenna-biased expression. Of these, PrapOBP1, 2, 4, and 13 were enriched in male antennae, whereas PrapOBP7 and PrapOBP10 were female-biased. Our findings suggest that these OBPs may be involved in olfactory communication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification and characterization of OBPs in P. rapae, and our findings provide a solid foundation for studying the functions of these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ye Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Zhe Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Huang
- People’s Government of Fenshui Town, Tonglu County, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Su Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lizana P, Machuca J, Larama G, Quiroz A, Mutis A, Venthur H. Mating-based regulation and ligand binding of an odorant-binding protein support the inverse sexual communication of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:337-351. [PMID: 32065441 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In moths, sex pheromones play a key role in mate finding. These chemicals are transported in the antennae by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). Commonly, males encounter conspecific females; therefore, several OBPs are male-biased. Less is known, however, about how the olfactory system of moths has evolved toward inverse sexual communication, ie where females seek males. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the profile of OBPs and their expression patterns in the bee hive pest, Galleria mellonella, a moth that uses inverse sexual communication. Here, OBP-related transcripts were identified by an RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach and analysed through both Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in different tissues and quantitative real-time PCR for two states, virgin and postmating. Our results indicate that G. mellonella has 20 OBPs distributed amongst different tissues. Interestingly, 17 of the 20 OBPs were significantly down-regulated after mating in females, whereas only OBP7 was up-regulated. By contrast, 18 OBP transcripts were up-regulated in males after mating. Additionally, binding assays and structural simulations showed general odorant-binding protein 2 (GOBP2) was able to bind sex pheromone components and analogues. These findings suggest a possible role of OBPs, especially GOBPs, in the inverse sexual communication of G. mellonella, with gene expression regulated as a response to mating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lizana
- Carrera de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Machuca
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - G Larama
- Centro de Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Mutis
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - H Venthur
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang XQ, Yan Q, Li LL, Xu JW, Mang D, Wang XL, Hoh HH, Ye J, Ju Q, Ma Y, Liang M, Zhang YY, Zhu XY, Zhang F, Dong SL, Zhang YN, Zhang LW. Different binding properties of two general-odorant binding proteins in Athetis lepigone with sex pheromones, host plant volatiles and insecticides. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:173-182. [PMID: 32284124 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Athetis lepigone (Alep) is a polyphagous pest native to Europe and Asia that has experienced major outbreaks in the summer maize area of China since 2011 and has shown evidence of resistance to some insecticides. Insect olfaction is crucial for recognition of sex pheromones, host plant volatiles and even insecticides, in which two general-odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) play important roles. To elucidate the functions of GOBPs in A. lepigone, we first expressed the two AlepGOBP proteins in the E. coli expression system. Then, the results of fluorescence competitive binding assays demonstrated that the high binding affinity of AlepGOBP2 with sex pheromones [(Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac), Ki = 0.65 μM; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), Ki = 0.83 μM], two maize plant volatiles [Ocimene, Ki = 9.63 μM; (E)-β-Farnesene, Ki = 4.76 μM] and two insecticides (Chlorpyrifos Ki =5.61 μM; Phoxim, Ki = 4.38 μM). However, AlepGOBP1 could only bind Ocimene (Ki = 13.0 μM) and two insecticides (Chlorpyrifos Ki =4.46 μM; Phoxim, Ki = 3.27 μM). These results clearly suggest that AlepGOBP1 and AlepGOBP2 differentiate among odorants and other ligands. The molecular docking results further revealed different key residues involved in the ligand binding of AlepGOBPs. In summary, this study provides a foundation for exploring the olfactory mechanism of A. lepigone and identified two potential target genes for the development of highly effective insecticides in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Ji-Wei Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Dingze Mang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Xue-Liang Wang
- Dangshan Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Service Center, Dangshan, China
| | - Hong-Huat Hoh
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jia Ye
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Ju
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Yun-Ying Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China.
| | - Long-Wa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pan L, Xiang W, Sun Z, Yang Y, Han J, Wang Y, Yan C, Li M. CcOBP2 plays a crucial role in 3-carene olfactory response of the parasitoid wasp Chouioia cunea. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 117:103286. [PMID: 31760134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chouioia cunea (Yang) is a pupal parasitoid wasp and this species is able to seek host insects depending on its olfactory system. However, the molecular mechanism of the olfactory system in the C. cunea is still limited. To identify putative semiochemicals bound to CcOBP2, a protein specifically expressed in antennae, 14 compounds from the pupae of H. cunea and 11 common volatile compounds from plants were selected for competitive fluorescence binding assay. The result of the binding assay showed that five compounds were able to bind toCcOBP2. The electroantennogram (EAG) demonstrated that the antennae had a significant response to the 3-Carene, a bicyclic monoterpene, and C. cunea could be obviously attracted by this compound. The behavioral response to 3- carene was dramatically weakened when CcOBP2 was specifically knocked down. The molecular docking result indicated that several amino acids especially Ile-81, Val-122, Phe-123 of CcOBP2 were responsible for binding to 3-Carene. Furthermore, there was a repellent effect on the host H. cunea with the treatment of the 3-Carene. This study illustrated that CcOBP2 might be a crucial protein involved in the olfactory signaling pathway and the 3-Carene, secreted from plants, could probably have a potential role in repelling pests as well as attracting natural enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Weifang Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jiayi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Chuncai Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Min Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Antennal transcriptome analysis and expression profiles of putative chemosensory soluble proteins in Histia rhodope Cramer (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 33:100654. [PMID: 31954363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histia rhodope Cramer (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) is one of the most destructive defoliators of landscape tree Bischofia polycarpa (Levl.) Airy Shaw in China stretching to other Southeast Asia regions. Olfactory genes, encoding proteins such as odorant carrier proteins believed to initiate olfactory signal transduction in insects, have been acknowledged to be novel targets for pest control. In this study, we established antennal transcriptome of H. rhodope and ultimately identified 19 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and 4 Niemann-Pick type C2 proteins (NPC2s). The 19 OBPs, 6 CSPs and 4 NPC2s were assessed to validate the differential expressions between sexes, and between olfactory and non-olfactory tissues. 8 OBPs and 2 CSPs exhibited male-biased antennae expression, while 6 OBPs, 2 CSPs and HrhoNPC2a exhibited female-biased antennae expression. Moreover, 17 OBPs, 4 CSPs and 2 NPC2s were predominantly expressed in the antennae compared with non-olfactory tissues. HrhoOBP1 and HrhoOBP8 were predominantly expressed in the antennae and heads, HrhoCSP8 and HrhoCSP14 were highly expressed in abdomens and legs, HrhoNPC2c was highly expressed in abdomens, while HrhoNPC2d was expressed in all tissues. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most H. rhodope proteins were closely related to proteins from other moths. Moreover, compared with other nocturnal moths, acting as a diurnal moth, we found that H. rhodope may have lost a PBP gene. Our results provide important molecular information for further studies on olfactory mechanisms of H. rhodope.
Collapse
|