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Sullivan MG, Sokolow GE, Jensen ET, Crawley MR, MacMillan SN, Cook TR. Altering the solubility of metal-organic polyhedra via pendant functionalization of Cp 3Zr 3O(OH) 3 nodes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:338-346. [PMID: 36510835 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of zirconium-based metal-organic polyhedra (ZrMOPs) is often limited by their poor solubilities. Despite their attractive features-including high yielding and facile syntheses, predictable topologies, high stability, and tunability-problematic solubilities have caused ZrMOPs to be under-studied and under-applied. Although these cages have been synthesized with a wide variety of carboxylate-based bridging ligands, we explored a new method for ZrMOP functionalization via node-modification, which we hypothesized could influence solubility. Herein, we report ZrMOPs with benzyl-, vinylbenzyl-, and trifluoromethylbenzyl-pendant groups decorating cyclopentadienyl moieties. The series was characterized by 1H/19F NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The effects of node functionalities on ZrMOP solubility were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Substitution caused a decrease in water solubility, but for certain organic solvents, e.g. DMF, solubility could be enhanced by ∼20×, from 16 μM for the unfunctionalized cage to 310 μM for the vinylbenzyl- and trifluoromethylbenzyl-cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Gregory E Sokolow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Eric T Jensen
- Chemistry Instrument Center, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.
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Propene oligomerisation at ambient temperature with [Cp(C5H4SiMe2tol)ZrMe2] (Cp = C5H5; tol = p-C6H5Me). Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Raith A, Altmann P, Cokoja M, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. η5,η1-Coordinated cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes featuring σ-metal–carbon ansa bridges. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Morse PM, Shelby QD, Kim DY, Girolami GS. Ethylene Complexes of the Early Transition Metals: Crystal Structures of [HfEt4(C2H4)2−] and the Negative-Oxidation-State Species [TaHEt(C2H4)33−] and [WH(C2H4)43−]. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701189e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paige M. Morse
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Quinetta D. Shelby
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Do Young Kim
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Gregory S. Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Alt HG, Licht EH, Licht AI, Schneider KJ. Metallacyclic metallocene complexes as catalysts for olefin polymerization. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Spencer LP, Fryzuk MD. Synthesis and reactivity of zirconium and hafnium complexes incorporating chelating diamido-N-heterocyclic-carbene ligands. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Homogeneous catalysts for olefin polymerization such as metallocene or half-sandwich complexes containing the metals titanium, zirconium and hafnium, or other transition-metal coordination complexes can be functionalized with alkenyl groups and have then the potential to copolymerize with olefins to give heterogeneous catalysts. In a similar manner metallacyclic metallocene complexes with a metal-carbon sigma bond allow the catalytic insertion of olefins into this bond and produce heterogeneous catalysts. It is also possible to functionalize the active species of the cocatalyst methylalumoxane (MAO) and use it for self-immobilization processes. The high excess of MAO that is necessary in homogeneous solution can be reduced by more than 90% with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut G Alt
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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