Chemistry and reactivity of dinuclear iron oxamate complexes: alkane oxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalysed by an oxo-bridged diiron(III) complex with amide and carboxylate ligation

Synthesis, structural analysis, electrochemical and magnetic properties of tetrachloroferrate ionic liquids

Eight ionic liquids have been synthesized with the tetrachloroferrate anion and varying cations, with the general formula of [RA]⁺[FeCl₄]⁻ (R = –CH₃, –CH₂C₆H₅; A = pyridine, benzimidazole, trimethylamine, triphenylphosphine).

All-Aqueous-Processed Injectable In Situ Forming Macroporous Silk Gel Scaffolds for Minimally Invasive Intracranial and Osteological Therapies

Hydrogels are widely utilized in regenerative medicine for drug delivery and tissue repair due to their superior biocompatibility and high similarity to the extracellular matrix. For minimally invasive therapies, in situ forming gel scaffolds are desirable, but technical challenges remain to be overcome to achieve the balance between tissue-like strength and cell-sized porosity, especially for intracranial and osteological therapies. Here, a new method-inspired by the liquid crystalline spinning process in natural silk fibers-is reported for preparing injectable silk gel scaffolds with favorable preclinical efficacy and unique characteristics including 1) in situ gelling for minimally invasive surgeries, 2) controllable porosity for efficient cellular infiltration and desirable degradation, 3) resilient and tunable mechanical properties that are compatible with the modulus regime of native soft tissues, and 4) all-aqueous processing that avoids toxic solvents and enables facile loading of bioactive agents. Moreover, hierarchically structured heterogeneous silk gel scaffolds with variable porosity and bioactive agent gradients within 3D matrices can be achieved for sustained drug release and guided tissue regeneration. Preclinical efficacy studies in rodent models show efficient bacterium and glioma inhibition and positive effects on bone regeneration and vascularization.

Dinuclear copper(ii) complexes containing oxamate and blocking ligands: crystal structure, magnetic properties, and DFT calculations

Dicopper(ii) complexes were prepared as promising platforms for the design of polynuclear systems providing an avenue toward new molecule-based materials.

Heterobimetallic One-Dimensional Coordination Polymers MICuII (M = Li and K) Based on Ferromagnetically Coupled Di- and Tetracopper(II) Metallacyclophanes

The synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the coordination polymers of formula [EDAP{Li6(H2O)8[(Cu2(μ-mpba)2)2(H2O)2]}]n (1) and [(EDAP)2{K(H2O)4[Cu2(μ-mpba)2(H2O)2]}Cl·2H2O]n (2), in which mpba = N,N′-1,3-phenylenebis(oxamate) and EDAP2+ = 1,1′-ethylenebis(4-aminopyridinium) are described. Both compounds have in common the presence of the [Cu2(mpba)2]4− tetraanionic unit which is a [3,3] metallacyclophane motif in which the copper(II) ions are five-coordinate in a distorted square pyramidal surrounding. The complex anion in 1 is dimerized through double out-of-plane copper to outer carboxylate-oxygen atoms resulting in the centrosymmetric tetracopper(II) fragment [Cu4(μ-mpba)4(H2O)2]8− which act as a ligand toward six hydrated lithium(I) cations leading to anionic ladder-like double chains whose charge is neutralized by the EDAP2+ cations. In the case of 2, each dicopper(II) entity acts as a ligand towards tetraquapotassium(I) units to afford anionic zig zag single chains of formula {K(H2O)4[Cu2(μ-mpba)2(H2O)2]}n3n− plus EDAP2+ cations and non-coordinate chloride anions. Cryomagnetic measurements on polycrystalline samples 1 and 2 show the occurrence of ferromagnetic interactions between the copper(II) ions across the –Namidate–(C–C–C)phenyl–Namidate– exchange pathway [J = +10.6 (1) and +8.22 cm−1 (2)] and antiferromagnetic ones through the double out-of-plane carboxylate-oxygen atoms [j = −0.68 cm−1 (1), the spin Hamiltonian being defined as H = − J ( S C u 1 · S C u 2 + S C u 2 i · S C u 1 i ) − j ( S C u 2 · S C u 2 i ) ].

Structurally characterized dipalladium(ii)-oxamate metallacyclophanes as efficient catalysts for sustainable Heck and Suzuki reactions in ionic liquids

Dipalladium-oxamate metallacyclophanes were synthesised, structurally characterized and applied in carbon–carbon cross couplings in ionic liquids.

Accessibility and selective stabilization of the principal spin states of iron by pyridyl versus phenolic ketimines: modulation of the 6A1 ↔ 2T2 ground-state transformation of the [FeN4O2]+ chromophore

Several potentially tridentate pyridyl and phenolic Schiff bases (apRen and HhapRen, respectively) were derived from the condensation reactions of 2-acetylpyridine (ap) and 2'-hydroxyacetophenone (Hhap), respectively, with N-R-ethylenediamine (RNHCH(2)CH(2)NH(2), Ren; R = H, Me or Et) and complexed in situ with iron(II) or iron(III), as dictated by the nature of the ligand donor set, to generate the six-coordinate iron compounds [Fe(II)(apRen)(2)]X(2) (R = H, Me; X(-) = ClO(4)(-), BPh(4)(-), PF(6)(-)) and [Fe(III)(hapRen)(2)]X (R = Me, Et; X(-) = ClO(4)(-), BPh(4)(-)). Single-crystal X-ray analyses of [Fe(II)(apRen)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (R = H, Me) revealed a pseudo-octahedral geometry about the ferrous ion with the Fe(II)-N bond distances (1.896-2.041 Å) pointing to the (1)A(1) (d(π)(6)) ground state; the existence of this spin state was corroborated by magnetic susceptibility measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. In contrast, the X-ray structure of the phenolate complex [Fe(III)(hapMen)(2)]ClO(4), determined at 100 K, demonstrated stabilization of the ferric state; the compression of the coordinate bonds at the metal center is in accord with the (2)T(2) (d(π)(5)) ground state. Magnetic susceptibility measurements along with EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques have shown that the iron(III) complexes are spin-crossover (SCO) materials. The spin transition within the [Fe(III)N(4)O(2)](+) chromophore was modulated with alkyl substituents to afford two-step and one-step (6)A(1) ↔ (2)T(2) transformations in [Fe(III)(hapMen)(2)]ClO(4) and [Fe(III)(hapEen)(2)]ClO(4), respectively. Previously, none of the X-salRen- and X-sal(2)trien-based ferric spin-crossover compounds exhibited a stepwise transition. The optical spectra of the LS iron(II) and SCO iron(III) complexes display intense d(π) → p(π)* and p(π) → d(π) CT visible absorptions, respectively, which account for the spectacular color differences. All the complexes are redox-active; as expected, the one-electron oxidative process in the divalent compounds occurs at higher redox potentials than does the reverse process in the trivalent compounds. The cyclic voltammograms of the latter compounds reveal irreversible electrochemical generation of the phenoxyl radical. Finally, the H(2)salen-type quadridentate ketimine H(2)hapen complexed with an equivalent amount of iron(III) to afford the μ-oxo-monobridged dinuclear complex [{Fe(III)(hapen)}(2)(μ-O)] exhibiting a distorted square-pyramidal geometry at the metal centers and considerable antiferromagnetic coupling of spins (J ≈ -99 cm(-1)).

Mineralization of the recalcitrant oxalic and oxamic acids by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes using a boron-doped diamond anode

Oxalic and oxamic acids are the ultimate and more persistent by-products of the degradation of N-aromatics by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs). In this paper, the kinetics and oxidative paths of these acids have been studied for several EAOPs using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a stainless steel or an air-diffusion cathode. Anodic oxidation (AO-BDD) in the presence of Fe(2+) (AO-BDD-Fe(2+)) and under UVA irradiation (AO-BDD-Fe(2+)-UVA), along with electro-Fenton (EF-BDD), was tested. The oxidation of both acids and their iron complexes on BDD was clarified by cyclic voltammetry. AO-BDD allowed the overall mineralization of oxalic acid, but oxamic acid was removed much more slowly. Each acid underwent a similar decay in AO-BDD-Fe(2+) and EF-BDD, as expected if its iron complexes were not attacked by hydroxyl radicals in the bulk. The faster and total mineralization of both acids was achieved in AO-BDD-Fe(2+)-UVA due to the high photoactivity of their Fe(III) complexes that were continuously regenerated by oxidation of their Fe(II) complexes. Oxamic acid always released a larger proportion of NH(4)(+) than NO(3)(-) ion, as well as volatile NO(x) species. Both acids were independently oxidized at the anode in AO-BDD, but in AO-BDD-Fe(2+)-UVA oxamic acid was more slowly degraded as its content decreased, without significant effect on oxalic acid decay. The increase in current density enhanced the oxidation power of the latter method, with loss of efficiency. High Fe(2+) contents inhibited the oxidation of Fe(II) complexes by the competitive oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+). Low current densities and Fe(2+) contents are preferable to remove more efficiently these acids by the most potent AO-BDD-Fe(2+)-UVA method.