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Das S, Joshi P, Patra M. Necrosis-Inducing High-Valent Oxo-Rhenium(V) Complexes with Potent Antitumor Activity: Synthesis, Aquation Chemistry, Cisplatin Cross-Resistance Profile, and Mechanism of Action. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19720-19733. [PMID: 37974075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with the cytotoxic platinum (Pt) drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin is the mainstay of anticancer therapy in the clinic. The antitumor activity of Pt drugs originates from their ability to induce apoptosis via covalent adduct formation with nuclear DNA. While the phenomenal clinical success is highly encouraging, resistance and adverse toxic side effects limit the wider applicability of Pt drugs. To circumvent these limitations, we embarked on an effort to explore the antitumor potential of a new class of oxo-rhenium(V) complexes of the type [(N∧N)(EG)Re(O)Cl] (where EG = ethylene glycolate and N∧N = bipyridine, Bpy (1); phenanthroline, Phen (2); 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-phenanthroline, Me4Phen (3)). Investigation of speciation chemistry in aqueous media revealed the formation of [(N∧N)Re(O)(OH)3] as the biologically active species. Complex 3 was found to be the most potent among the three, with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 μM against a panel of cancer cells, which is 5-70-fold lower when compared with cisplatin. The higher potency of 3 is attributed to its higher lipophilicity, which enhanced cellular uptake. Importantly, complex 3 efficiently overcomes cisplatin resistance in ovarian, lung, and prostate cancer cells. In addition to reporting the aquation chemistry and identifying the active species in aqueous media, we performed in-depth in vitro mechanistic studies, which revealed that complex 3 preferentially accumulates in mitochondria, depletes mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to ER stress-mediated necrosis-mediated cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Das
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Pulkit Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
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2
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Karges J, Cohen SM. Rhenium(V) Complexes as Cysteine-Targeting Coordinate Covalent Warheads. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3088-3105. [PMID: 36752718 PMCID: PMC9969397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Interest in covalent enzyme inhibitors as therapeutic agents has seen a recent resurgence. Covalent enzyme inhibitors typically possess an organic functional group that reacts with a key feature of the target enzyme, often a nucleophilic cysteine residue. Herein, the application of small, modular ReV complexes as inorganic cysteine-targeting warheads is described. These metal complexes were found to react with cysteine residues rapidly and selectively. To demonstrate the utility of these ReV complexes, their reactivity with SARS-CoV-2-associated cysteine proteases is presented, including the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and papain-like protease and human enzymes cathepsin B and L. As all of these proteins are cysteine proteases, these enzymes were found to be inhibited by the ReV complexes through the formation of adducts. These findings suggest that these ReV complexes could be used as a new class of warheads for targeting surface accessible cysteine residues in disease-relevant target proteins.
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Brune V, Hegemann C, Wilhelm M, Ates N, Mathur S. Molecular Precursors to Group IV Dichalcogenides MS2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Brune
- University of Cologne: Universitat zu Koln Chemie Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne GERMANY
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität zu Köln Anorganische Chemie Greinstr. 6 50939 Köln GERMANY
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Nabiyeva T, Marschner C, Blom B. Synthesis, structure and anti-cancer activity of osmium complexes bearing π-bound arene substituents and phosphane Co-Ligands: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112483. [PMID: 32592914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While many examples of osmium complexes, as anti-cancer agents, have been reported and some reviews have been devoted to this topic, a particularly interesting and synthetically accessible sub-class of these compounds namely those bearing a π- bound arene and phosphane co-ligand have escaped review. These complexes have made a surprisingly late entry in the literature (2005) in terms of anti-cancer investigations. This is somewhat surprising considering the plethora of analogous complexes that have been reported for the lighter analogue, ruthenium. Herein we review all complexes, neutral and ionic, bearing the "(ƞ6-arene)Os(PR3)" moiety focusing on their synthesis, reactivity, structural features (by X-ray diffraction analysis) as well as anti-cancer biological activity. An attempt is made throughout the article to contrast these to each other and to analogous Ru systems, and a full summary of all existing in vitro biological data is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiris Nabiyeva
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Kladnik J, Kljun J, Burmeister H, Ott I, Romero-Canelón I, Turel I. Towards Identification of Essential Structural Elements of Organoruthenium(II)-Pyrithionato Complexes for Anticancer Activity. Chemistry 2019; 25:14169-14182. [PMID: 31461189 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An organoruthenium(II) complex with pyrithione (2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide) 1 a has previously been identified by our group as a compound with promising anticancer potential without cytotoxicity towards non-cancerous cells. To expand the rather limited research on compounds of this type, an array of novel chlorido and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (pta) organoruthenium(II) complexes with methyl-substituted pyrithiones has been prepared. After thorough investigation of the aqueous stability of these complexes, their modes of action have been elucidated at the cellular level. Minor structural alterations in the ruthenium-pyrithionato compounds resulted in fine-tuning of their cytotoxicities. The best performing compounds, 1 b and 2 b, with a chlorido or pta ligand bound to ruthenium, respectively, and a methyl group at the 3-position of the pyrithione scaffold, have been further investigated. Both compounds trigger early apoptosis, induce the generation of reactive oxygen species and G1 arrest in A549 cancer cells, and show no strong interaction with DNA. However, only 1 b also inhibits thioredoxin reductase. Wound healing assays and mitochondrial function evaluation have revealed differences between these two compounds at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerneja Kladnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hilke Burmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Brune V, Hegemann C, Mathur S. Molecular Routes to Two-Dimensional Metal Dichalcogenides MX 2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9922-9934. [PMID: 31310512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic access to two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is highly desired to exploit their extraordinary semiconducting and optoelectronic properties for practical applications. We introduce here an entirely novel class of molecular precursors, [MIV(XEtN(Me)EtX)2] (MIV = MoIV, WIV, X = S, Se), enabling chemical vapor deposition of TMDC thin films. Molybdenum and tungsten complexes of dianionic tridentate pincer-type ligands (HXEt)2NR (R = methyl, tert-butyl, phenyl) produced air-stable monomeric dichalcogenide complexes, [W(SEtN(Me)EtS)2] and [Mo(SEtN(Me)EtS)2], displaying W and Mo centers in an octahedral environment of 4 S and 2 N donor atoms. Owing to their remarkable volatility and clean thermal decomposition, both Mo and W complexes, when used in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, produced crystalline MoS2 and WS2 thin films. X-ray diffraction analysis and atomic-scale imaging confirmed the phase purity and 2D structural characteristics of MoS2 and WS2 films. The new set of ligands presented in this work open ups convenient access to a scalable and precursor-based synthesis of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Brune
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Cologne , Greinstraße 6 , D-50939 Cologne , Germany
| | - Corinna Hegemann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Cologne , Greinstraße 6 , D-50939 Cologne , Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Cologne , Greinstraße 6 , D-50939 Cologne , Germany
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Huisman M, Kodanko JP, Arora K, Herroon M, Alnaed M, Endicott J, Podgorski I, Kodanko JJ. Affinity-Enhanced Luminescent Re(I)- and Ru(II)-Based Inhibitors of the Cysteine Protease Cathepsin L. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7881-7891. [PMID: 29882662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two new Re(I)- and Ru(II)-based inhibitors were synthesized with the formulas [Re(phen)(CO)3(1)](OTf) (7; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) and [Ru(bpy)2(2)](Cl)2 (8; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), where 1 and 2 are the analogues of CLIK-148, an epoxysuccinyl-based cysteine cathepsin L inhibitor (CTSL). Compounds 7 and 8 were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis; 7 and 8 both show exceptionally long excited state lifetimes. Re(I)-based complex 7 inhibits CTSL in the low nanomolar range, affording a greater than 16-fold enhancement of potency relative to the free inhibitor 1 with a second-order rate constant of 211000 ± 42000 M-1 s-1. Irreversible ligation of 7 to papain, a model of CTSL, was analyzed with mass spectroscopy, and the major peak shown at 24283 au corresponds to that of papain-1-Re(CO)3(phen). Compound 7 was well tolerated by DU-145 prostate cancer cells, with toxicity evident only at high concentrations. Treatment of DU-145 cells with 7 followed by imaging via confocal microscopy showed substantial intracellular fluorescence that can be blocked by the known CTSL inhibitor CLIK-148, consistent with the ability of 7 to label CTSL in living cells. Overall this study reveals that a Re(I) complex can be attached to an enzyme inhibitor and enhance potency and selectivity for a medicinally important target, while at the same time allowing new avenues for tracking and quantification due to long excited state lifetimes and non-native element composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Huisman
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Jacob P Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Karan Arora
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Mackenzie Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Marim Alnaed
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - John Endicott
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
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8
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Saha P, Naskar JP, Majumder S, Saha B, Ganguly R, Bhattacharya A, Chowdhury S. Experimental and computational studies on a new mixed ligand oxido
-rhenium(V) compound. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Saha
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Tripura India
| | - Jnan Prakash Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - Smita Majumder
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Tripura India
| | - Baptu Saha
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Tripura India
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Shubhamoy Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry; Tripura University; Tripura India
- Department of Chemistry; University of GourBanga; Malda India
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Using potential energy surface scans to examine the bond dissociation energies of trans-ReOS2N2 and [ReOS3N]1− model complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Kilpin KJ, Dyson PJ. Enzyme inhibition by metal complexes: concepts, strategies and applications. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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11
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Inhibition of the cathepsin cysteine proteases B and K by square-planar cycloaurated gold(III) compounds and investigation of their anti-cancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:754-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Casini A, Edafe F, Erlandsson M, Gonsalvi L, Ciancetta A, Re N, Ienco A, Messori L, Peruzzini M, Dyson PJ. Rationalization of the inhibition activity of structurally related organometallic compounds against the drug target cathepsin B by DFT. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5556-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c003218b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Canlier A, Kawasaki T, Chowdhury S, Ikeda Y. Structural characterization, electrochemistry, and spectroelectrochemistry of trans-dioxorhenium(V) complex with 4-methoxypyridine, [ReO2(4-MeOpy)4]PF6, and characterization of [ReO2(4-MeOpy)4]2+ generated electrochemically. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Fricker SP, Mosi RM, Cameron BR, Baird I, Zhu Y, Anastassov V, Cox J, Doyle PS, Hansell E, Lau G, Langille J, Olsen M, Qin L, Skerlj R, Wong RSY, Santucci Z, McKerrow JH. Metal compounds for the treatment of parasitic diseases. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1839-45. [PMID: 18684510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Fricker
- Genzyme Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, P.O. Box 9322, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, USA.
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Chowdhury S, Nogami M, Canlier A, Koshino N, Ikeda Y. Molecular structures and redox properties of oxorhenium(V) ‘3+1’ mixed ligand complexes with heterocyclic thiolates containing nitrogen. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Novel oxorhenium(V) ‘3+1’ mixed ligand complexes with 3-thiapentane-1,5-dithiolate and functional mercaptobenzoyl amino acid ethyl ester. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The platinum anticancer drug cisplatin has made a major contribution to the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancer. This chance discovery has been the stimulus for research into other metal-based drugs. Inorganic chemistry offers many opportunities for medicinal chemistry, and the discovery of metal-based drugs has moved on from chance discovery to rational drug design. There are however, many challenges associated with the drug discovery and development process. The aim of this review is to provide case histories exemplifying the role of rational drug design in modern inorganic medicinal chemistry in the context of these challenges. The evolution of platinum drugs from cisplatin to third generation drugs is described. The molecular target for the platinum agents is DNA. Alternative molecular targets such as thiol-containing proteins and redox processes are proposed. The example of a simple, safe, efficacious metal-based drug, Fosrenol, is reviewed.
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Mosi R, Baird IR, Cox J, Anastassov V, Cameron B, Skerlj RT, Fricker SP. Rhenium Inhibitors of Cathepsin B (ReO(SYS)X (Where Y = S, py; X = Cl, Br, SPhOMe-p)): Synthesis and Mechanism of Inhibition. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5262-72. [PMID: 16913715 DOI: 10.1021/jm060357z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of four new oxorhenium(V) complexes containing the "3 + 1" mixed-ligand donor set, ReO(SYS)X (where Y = S, py; X = Cl, Br), is described. All of the complexes tested exhibited selectivity for cathepsin B over K. Most notably, compound 6, ReO(SSS-2,2')Br (IC50(cathepsin B) = 1.0 nM), was 260 times more potent against cathepsin B. It was also discovered that complexes containing the same tridentate (SSS) ligand were more potent when the leaving group was bromide versus chloride (e.g., IC50(cathepsin B): ReO(SSS-2,2')Cl (4), 8.8 nM; ReO(SSS-2,2')Br (6), 1.0 nM). Mechanistic studies with cathepsin B showed that both compounds 2 (ReO(SpyS)(SPhOMe-p)) and 4 were active-site-directed. Compound 2 was determined to be a tight-binding, reversible inhibitor, while compound 4 was a time-dependent, slowly reversible inhibitor. The results described in this paper show that the oxorhenium(V) "3 + 1" complexes are potent, selective inhibitors of cathepsin B and have potential for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Mosi
- AnorMED Inc., Suite 200, 20353 64th Avenue, Langley BC V2Y1N5, Canada
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