Unusual reactivity of acetylacetone with imidazole/histamine complexes and (M=Re, 99mTc)

Synthesis, structural characterization and study of antioxidant and anti-PrPSc properties of flavonoids and their rhenium(I)-tricarbonyl complexes

This study aims at the synthesis and initial biological evaluation of novel rhenium-tricarbonyl complexes of 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin), 3,7,4΄-trihydroxyflavone (resokaempferol), 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) and 4΄,5,7-trihydroxyflavonone (naringenin) as neuroprotective and anti-PrP agents. Resokaempferol was synthesized from 2,2΄,4-trihydroxychalcone by H₂O₂/NaOH. The rhenium-tricarbonyl complexes of the type fac-[Re(CO)₃(Fl)(sol)] were synthesized by reacting the precursor fac-[Re(CO)₃(sol)₃]⁺ with an equimolar amount of the flavonoids (Fl) quercetin, resokaempferol, chrysin and naringenin and the solvent (sol) was methanol or water. The respective Re-flavonoid complexes were purified by semi-preparative HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the structure of Re-chrysin was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Initial screening of the neuroprotective properties of these compounds included the in vitro assessment of the antioxidant properties by the DPPH assay as well as the anti-lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid in the presence of AAPH and their ability to inhibit soybean lipoxygenase. From the above studies, it was concluded that the complexes' properties are mainly correlated with the structural characteristics and the presence of the flavonoids. The flavonoids and their respective Re-complexes were also tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the formation and aggregation of the amyloid-like abnormal prion protein, PrP^Sc, by employing the real-time quaking-induced conversion assay with recombinant PrP seeded with cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. All the compounds blocked de novo abnormal PrP formation and aggregation.

Complexes of Technetium(V) and Rhenium(V) with β-Diketonates

Reactions of (NBu₄)[MOCl₄] complexes (M = Tc or Re) with an excess of hexafluoroacetylacetone (Hhfac) give products with a composition of (NBu₄)[MOCl₃(hfac)] as bright yellow (Tc) or red (Re) solids. The products are stable as solids but rapidly decompose in solution. A number of related phenylimidorhenium(V) complexes were synthesized starting from [Re(NPhF)Cl₃(PPh₃)₂], where (NPhF)^2- is a para-fluorinated phenylimido ligand. Products with compositions of [Re(NPhF)Cl₂(PPh₃)(acac)], [Re(NPhF)Cl₂(PPh₃)(hfac)], [Re(NPhF)Cl₂(PPh₃)(tfac)], [Re(NPhF)Cl₂(PPh₃)(naphtfac)], and [Re(NPhF)Cl₂(PPh₃)(^tbutfac)] (Hacac = acetylacetone, Htfac = trifluoroacetylacetone, Hnaphtfac = naphthoyltrifluoroacetylmethane, and H^tbutfac = tert-butyroyltrifluoroacetylmethane) were isolated from reactions of the quite soluble [Re(NPhF)Cl₃(PPh₃)₂] with the corresponding β-diketones and studied spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction. The β-diketonates are coordinated in a meridional arrangement with the phenylimide. The formation of two isomers was detected for nonsymmetric β-diketones with a preference for the "equatorial" position for the more bulky substituents. Products with more than one chelating ligand were not obtained. The technetium complexes [Tc(NPhX)Cl₃(PPh₃)₂] (X = p-F or p-CF₃) were prepared from reactions of pertechnetate, PPh₃, HCl, and substituted arylacetylhydrazines and isolated as green solids. They are sufficiently stable as solid but rapidly decompose in moist solvents upon hydrolysis of the Tc-N bonds. From reactions of [Tc(NPh)Cl₃(PPh₃)₂] or [Tc(NPhF)Cl₃(PPh₃)₂] in dry solvents, the complexes [Tc(NPh)Cl₂(PPh₃)(hfac)] and [Tc(NPhF)Cl₂(PPh₃)(hfac)] were prepared and isolated in crystalline form. An X-ray diffraction study shows that fluorination of the para position of the phenylimido ligand results in a slight lengthening of all bonds in the coordination sphere of technetium.

Re(CO)3-Templated Synthesis of α-Amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methenes

α-Amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methenes were synthesized using the Re(CO)₃ unit as a templating agent. The products of these template reactions are six-coordinate rhenium complexes, with a facial arrangement of carbonyls, a noncoordinating anion, and a tridentate α-amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methene ligand. The tridentate ligand shows the conversion of one diiminoisoindoline sp² carbon to a sp³ carbon, which has been seen in the "helmet" and bicyclic phthalocyanines. The bidentate diiminoisoindoline fragment tilts out of the plane of coordination. Five examples of α-amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methenes produced from these reactions using different nitrile solvents, including the nitrile activation of acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, cyclohexanecarbonitrile, and benzonitrile.

Synthesis and characterization of fac-[M(CO)3(P)(OO)] and cis-trans-[M(CO)2(P)2(OO)] complexes (M = Re, (99m)Tc) with acetylacetone and curcumin as OO donor bidentate ligands

The synthesis and characterization of neutral mixed ligand complexes fac-[M(CO)3(P)(OO)] and cis-trans-[M(CO)2(P)2(OO)] (M = Re, (99m)Tc), with deprotonated acetylacetone or curcumin as the OO donor bidentate ligands and a phosphine (triphenylphosphine or methyldiphenylphosphine) as the monodentate P ligand, is described. The complexes were synthesized through the corresponding fac-[M(CO)3(H2O)(OO)] (M = Re, (99m)Tc) intermediate aqua complex. In the presence of phosphine, replacement of the H2O molecule of the intermediate complex at room temperature generates the neutral tricarbonyl monophosphine fac-[Re(CO)3(P)(OO)] complex, while under reflux conditions further replacement of the trans to the phosphine carbonyl generates the new stable dicarbonyl bisphosphine complex cis-trans-[Re(CO)2(P)2(OO)]. The Re complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods, and X-ray crystallography showing a distorted octahedral geometry around Re. Both the monophosphine and the bisphosphine complexes of curcumin show selective binding to β-amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease. At the (99m)Tc tracer level, the same type of complexes, fac-[(99m)Tc(CO)3(P)(OO)] and cis-trans-[(99m)Tc(CO)2(P)2(OO)], are formed introducing new donor combinations for (99m)Tc(I). Overall, β-diketonate and phosphine constitute a versatile ligand combination for Re(I) and (99m)Tc(I), and the successful employment of the multipotent curcumin as β-diketone provides a solid example of the pharmacological potential of this system.