1
|
Blackman AG, Schenk EB, Jelley RE, Krenske EH, Gahan LR. Five-coordinate transition metal complexes and the value of τ5: observations and caveats. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14798-14806. [PMID: 33044477 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The τ5 parameter, first proposed by Addison and coworkers, is the principal measure of the geometry of five-coordinate transition metal complexes, with τ5 = 0 said to describe a perfect square pyramidal geometry and τ5 = 1 a perfect trigonal pyramidal geometry. Therefore, the geometries of all five-coordinate complexes are assumed to lie on a continuum between these two extremes. Herein we show that there are a significant number of examples of transition metal complexes having τ5 > 1, leading to an equatorially distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with the transition metal ion lying out of the plane of the equatorial donor atoms. We also show that complexes having τ5 = 0 and displaying perfect square pyramidal geometry are very much the exception, and that the majority of complexes for which τ5 = 0 have the metal ion sitting above the mean plane of the donor atoms in the square plane, in a basally distorted square pyramidal geometry. Density functional theory computations on a number of these complexes show that the structural distortions are inherent features of the complexes, and not merely the result of intermolecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan G Blackman
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
One-pot synthesis, crystal structure and theoretical calculations of a dinuclear Mn(III) complex with in-situ generated O,N,O- and O,N-donor dichelating hydrazone ligand. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
In‐situ
Formation of a Dinuclear Al(III) Complex in Friedel‐Crafts Sulfoxidation of 2‐Naphthol with Thionyl Chloride. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
4
|
Pei YP, Luo ZY, Hu RH, Yang YX, Chen WT. In situ preparation, structure, fluorescence and theoretical study of a cadmium-bipyridinium compound. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2015.1136961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Pei
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Luo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun-Xia Yang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Tong Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin LZ, Zhong QX, Hong JT, Chen HL, Chen WT. Syntheses, structures, photoluminescence and semiconductor properties of two novel mercury-lanthanide complexes with a three-dimensional open framework. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Luo H, Zhu LC, Wang Q. Synthesis and characterization of a cadmium bipyridinium compound (CdCl4)(N,N'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinium). CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s106377451507010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Karhu AJ, Rautiainen JM, Oilunkaniemi R, Chivers T, Laitinen RS. Mercury- and cadmium-assisted [2 + 2] cyclodimerization of tert-butylselenium diimide. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9499-508. [PMID: 26379047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complexes [MCl2{N,N'-(t)BuNSe(μ-N(t)Bu)2SeN(t)Bu}] [M = Cd (1), Hg (2)] were obtained in high yields by the reaction of tert-butylselenium diimide Se(IV)(N(t)Bu)2 with CdCl2 or HgCl2 in tetrahydrofuran. Recrystallization of 1 and 2 from acetonitrile (MeCN) afforded yellow crystals of 1·MeCN and 2·MeCN, respectively. Isomorphic 1·MeCN and 2·MeCN contain an unprecedented dimeric selenium diimide ligand, which is N,N'-chelated to the metal through exocyclic imido groups. In addition to the complexes 1 and 2, the (77)Se NMR spectra of acetonitrile solutions of 1·MeCN and 2·MeCN indicated the presence of the dimeric (t)BuNSe(μ-N(t)Bu)2SeN(t)Bu, monomeric Se(IV)(N(t)Bu)2, and cyclic selenium imides. Density functional theory calculations at the PBE0/def2-TZVPP level of theory were used to assign the (77)Se resonances of the dimer. A comparison of Gibbs energies of formation of some metal dichloride complexes [MCl2{N,N'-Se(IV)(N(t)Bu)2}] and [MCl2{N,N'-(t)BuNSe(μ-N(t)Bu)2SeN(t)Bu}] (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) indicated that the formation of complexes containing a dimeric selenium diimide ligand is favored over those containing a monomeric ligand for the group 12 metals. In the case of the group 10 metal halogenides (M = Ni, Pd, Pt), the Gibbs energies of the complexes with monomeric Se(IV)(N(t)Bu)2 ligands are close to those containing dimeric (t)BuNSe(μ-N(t)Bu)2SeN(t)Bu ligands. A plausible reaction pathway with a low activation energy involves the initial formation of [MCl2{N,N'-Se(IV)(N(t)Bu)2}] (M = Zn, Cd, Hg), which then reacts with another molecule of Se(N(t)Bu)2, leading to the final [MCl2{N,N'-(t)BuNSe(μ-N(t)Bu)2SeN(t)Bu}] complex. Without the presence of group 12 metal halogenides, the [2 + 2] cyclodimerization of Se(IV)(N(t)Bu)2 is virtually thermoneutral, but the activation energy is relatively high, which accounts for the kinetic stability of (t)BuNSe(μ-N(t)Bu)2SeN(t)Bu in solution. A minor byproduct, [Cd7Cl14{N,N'-Se(II)(NH(t)Bu)2}6]·4CH2Cl2, was identified by X-ray crystallography as a heptanuclear cluster with selenium(II) diamide ligands N,N'-chelated to the cadmium centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aino J Karhu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J Mikko Rautiainen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Oilunkaniemi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Risto S Laitinen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu GN, Shi JR, Han XJ, Zhang X, Li K, Li J, Zhang T, Liu QS, Zhang ZW, Li C. A comparison study of aliphatic and aromatic structure directing agents influencing the crystal and electronic structures, and properties of iodoplumbate hybrids: water induced structure conversion and visible light photocatalytic properties. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12561-75. [PMID: 26000877 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of the aliphatic amines en (ethylenediamine), aep (N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine) and tepa (tetraethylenepentamine), and the aromatic species 2,2'-bipy (2,2'-bipyridine) and dpe (1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene) as structure directing agents (SDAs) into inorganic iodoplumbates affords six hybrids, namely [(Hen)4(H2.5O)2I](PbI6) (1), Cs2n[Pb3I8(en)2]n (2), (H3tepa)n(PbI5)n (3), (H2aep)n(PbI4)n (4), (Et22,2'-bipy)n(Pb2I6)n (5) and (Et2dpe)n(Pb2I6)n (6). 1 contains a discrete octahedral (PbI6)(4-) anion generated under the direction of a novel co-template, [(Hen)4(H2.5O)2I](4+). 2 contains inorganic Cs(+) ions and a novel hybrid anionic layer [Pb3I8(en)2]n(2n-) that has never been encountered in iodoplumbate hybrids. 3 features a zigzag (PbI5)(3-) chain with the charge being compensated by a triprotonated tepa cation. 4 is composed of perovskite sheets of lead(ii) octahedra and aep cations that are generated from tepa via an unprecedented in situ ligand reaction. Both 5 and 6 have (Pb2I6)n(2n-) chains and represent the first example of introducing a 2,2'-bipy or dpe derivative cation in iodoplumbate hybrids, respectively. The comparative study reveals that aliphatic amines and aromatic species contribute differently to the crystal and electronic structures, and the properties of the hybrids. Importantly, 1-4 exhibit interesting water induced structure conversions, while 5 and 6 can be used as heterogeneous photocatalysts for dye wastewater treatment under visible light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
You W, Guo JH, Li CP, Chen J. Halide/pseudohalide-directed cadmium(II) coordination polymers based on 3-phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Three d10 metal coordination compounds based on pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid showing mixed-ligand characteristic: Syntheses, crystal structures, and photoluminescent properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Variation in molecular and crystalline architectures of di- and poly-nuclear cadmium(II) complexes on changing the denticity of the blocking ligands. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|