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Pettenuzzo A, Vezzù K, Di Paolo ML, Fotopoulou E, Marchiò L, Via LD, Ronconi L. Design, physico-chemical characterization and in vitro biological activity of organogold(III) glycoconjugates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8963-8979. [PMID: 34110336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To develop new metal-based glycoconjugates as potential anticancer agents, four organometallic gold(iii)-dithiocarbamato glycoconjugates of the type [AuIII(2-Bnpy)(SSC-Inp-GlcN)](PF6) (2-Bnpy: 2-benzylpyridine; Inp: isonipecotic moiety; GlcN: amino-glucose scaffold; Au3-Au6) and the corresponding model non-glycosylated counterparts [AuIII(2-Bnpy)(SSC-Inp-R)](PF6) (R: OEt (Au1), NH2 (Au2)) have been generated and characterized by means of several analytical techniques (elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-/13C-NMR, ESI-MS, UV-Vis, X-ray crystallography). Their stability under physiologically-relevant conditions (PBS solution) and n-octanol/PBS distribution coefficient (D7.4) have also been evaluated. Gold(iii) glycoconjugates showed an antiproliferative effect against ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells, with GI50 values in the low micromolar range. Remarkably, their cell growth inhibitory effect increases upon the addition of a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor, thus ruling out the involvement of GLUT1 in their transport inside the cell. Additional mechanistic studies have been carried out in A2780 cells, supporting the hypothesis of a facilitated diffusion mechanism (possibly mediated by glucose transporters other than GLUT1), and revealing their capability to act as topoisomerase I and II inhibitors and to disrupt mitochondrial membrane integrity, leading to the generation of ROS, thus resulting in the promotion of oxidative stress and, eventually, cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pettenuzzo
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - Keti Vezzù
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via F. Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Eirini Fotopoulou
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Luca Ronconi
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland.
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2
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Adokoh CK. Therapeutic potential of dithiocarbamate supported gold compounds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2975-2988. [PMID: 35496096 PMCID: PMC9048446 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysotherapy or aurotherapy, the use of gold as medicine, is two thousand years old. Hitherto, numerous diverse gold stabilizing ligands for instance vitamins, pyridine, phosphines, naphthylamine and xanthanes have been developed and their 'chelating effect' in addition to their anti-proliferative properties have been extensively studied. Recent advances in the field of bioinorganic chemistry have led to the design of biologically relevant metal complexes with appropriate fine-tuned ligands such as metallic conjugates of dithiocarbamates (DTCs). DTC compounds have been recognised to possess diverse applications and have demonstrated interesting biological properties. For instance, the chemoprotective and antitumour properties of gold metal ions and DTC compounds respectively, presents an innovative and effective approach to cancer management. This review presents therefore the therapeutic potential of DTC ligand systems as a support for gold compounds. The importance of dithiocarbamate supported gold compounds as potential therapeutic agents is highlighted with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of gold(iii) and gold(i) dithiocarbamate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Adokoh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
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Andrew FP, Ajibade PA. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer studies of bis-(N-methyl-1-phenyldithiocarbamato) Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pt(II) complexes: single crystal X-ray structure of the copper complex. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1489537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fartisincha P. Andrew
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Peter A. Ajibade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Korneeva EV, Loseva OV, Smolentsev AI, Ivanov AV. Reactivity of Silver(I) Diethyldithiocarbamate and Ion-Polymeric Complexes {[Au(S2CNEt2)2][AgCl2]}n and {[Au(S2CNEt2)2]2[AgCl2]Cl·2H2O}n: Synthesis, Supramolecular Structures, and Thermal Behavior. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Loseva OV, Rodina TA, Ivanov AV, Lutsenko IA, Korneeva EV, Gerasimenko AV, Smolentsev AI. Heteroleptic Dithiocarbamato–Chlorido Gold(III) Complexes [Au(S2CNR2)Cl2] (R = CH3, iso-C3H7; R2 = (CH2)6): Synthesis, Supramolecular Structures, and Thermal Behavior. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032841810007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pettenuzzo A, Montagner D, McArdle P, Ronconi L. An innovative and efficient route to the synthesis of metal-based glycoconjugates: proof-of-concept and potential applications. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10721-10736. [PMID: 29942974 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With a view to developing more efficient strategies to the functionalization of metallodrugs with carbohydrates, we here report on an innovative and efficient synthetic route to generate gold(iii) glycoconjugates in high yields and purity. The method is based on the initial synthesis of the zinc(ii)-dithiocarbamato intermediate [ZnII(SSC-Inp-GlcN)2] (Inp = isonipecotic moiety; GlcN = amino-glucose) followed by the transfer of the glucoseisonipecoticdithiocarbamato ligand to the gold(iii) center via transmetallation reaction between the zinc(ii) intermediate and K[AuIIIBr4] in 1 : 2 stoichiometric ratio, yielding the corresponding glucose-functionalized gold(iii)-dithiocarbamato derivative [AuIIIBr2(SSC-Inp-GlcN)]. No protection/deprotection of the amino-glucose scaffold and no chromatographic purification were needed. The synthetic protocol was optimized for glucose precursors bearing the amino function at either the C2 or the C6 position, and works in the case of both α and β anomers. The application of the synthetic strategy was also successfully extended to other metal ions of biomedical interest, such as gold(i) and platinum(ii), to obtain [AuI(SSC-Inp-GlcN)(PPh3)] and [PtII(SSC-Inp-GlcN)2], respectively. All compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, mid- and far-IR, mono- and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, and, where possible, X-ray crystallography. Results and potential applications are here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pettenuzzo
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co., Galway, Ireland.
| | - Diego Montagner
- Maynooth University, Department of Chemistry, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Patrick McArdle
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co., Galway, Ireland.
| | - Luca Ronconi
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Chemistry, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Co., Galway, Ireland.
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Laksee S, Puthong S, Teerawatananond T, Palaga T, Muangsin N. Highly efficient and facile fabrication of monodispersed Au nanoparticles using pullulan and their application as anticancer drug carriers. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:178-191. [PMID: 28732857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This work presented a simple, rapid, green and efficient approach to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using pullulan as a reducing/stabilizing/capping agent for drug delivery systems to increase the safety and efficacy of these systems. Monodispersed AuNPs@pullulan with prolonged stability were fully characterized by UV-VIS, FTIR, TEM, EDX, TGA and zeta potential analyses. A mechanism of AuNPs formation was proposed in which pullulan created reducing species for the reduction of Au3+ to AuNPs (Au0) that resulted in the formation of spherical AuNPs@pullulan with an average size of approximately 11±5nm, while the hydroxyl groups of pullulan were oxidized to carboxylate compounds. Novel cassiarin A chloride derivatives (3d and 3i) as candidate anticancer drugs were successfully loaded onto AuNPs@pullulan through electrostatic interactions. AuNPs@pullulan-3d (IC50=6.0±0.1μM) and AuNPs@pullulan-3i (5.2±0.1μM) exhibited a 10.2-fold and 7.1-fold higher cytotoxicity against KATO-III cells than free compounds 3d (60.9±0.6μM), 3i (37.1±0.2μM) and cisplatin (64.5±0.9μM), respectively. AuNPs@pullulan exhibited high cellular uptake, biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity to normal cells. Therefore, AuNPs@pullulan-3d or AuNPs@pullulan-3i have the potential to be developed for treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakchai Laksee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Antibody Production Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thapong Teerawatananond
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under Royal Patronage, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 13180, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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El Malah T, Aly AA, Bräse S, Elkanzi NAA, Brown AB. Reaction of dithiocarbamates with 2-[bis(methylthio)-methylene]malononitrile: unexpected formation of 4-imino-6-(methylthio)-3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-2-thiones. J Sulphur Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2015.1122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer El Malah
- Department of Photochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Aly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. A. A. Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Alan B. Brown
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
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Zaeva AS, Ivanov AV, Gerasimenko AV. Chemisorption binding of gold(III) from solutions with bismuth dipropyldithiocarbamate: Supramolecular self-assembly (role of the secondary Au…S and aurophilic interactions) and thermal behavior of the solvated heteropolynuclear ionic type complex ([Au{S2CN(C3H7)2}2]3[Bi2Cl9] • 0.5CO(CH3)2 • 0.5HCl) n. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328415090109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Zaeva AS, Ivanov AV, Gerasimenko AV, Sergienko VI. Preparation, supramolecular self-organization and thermal behavior of polymeric complex of composition ([Au{S2CN(C3H7)2}2]3[Bi3Cl12]) n with unusual geometry of bismuth(III) complex anion. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023615020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Abstract
A number of gold(III) compounds has been designed with the objective of overcoming the disadvantages associated with the platinum-based drugs for cancer treatment. Compounds of a remarkable structural manifold show significant antiproliferative effects in vitro against a number of cancer cells, including cisplatin resistant ones. The target of most of them is, unlike that of cisplatin, not the DNA. Although the mechanisms of action displayed by the gold compounds in biological media are still under investigation, many studies show evidence that the cellular targets are mitochondria-based. Recent advances in gold(III) medicinal chemistry also recommend such compounds for other pharmacological applications such as the treatment of viral or parasitic diseases. The radioactive isotopes 198Au and 199Au present potential in radiotherapy.
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13
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Keter F, Guzei IA, Nell M, Zyl WV, Darkwa J. Phosphinogold(I) dithiocarbamate complexes: effect of the nature of phosphine ligand on anticancer properties. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2058-67. [PMID: 24476103 PMCID: PMC3993921 DOI: 10.1021/ic4025926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of potassium salts of the dithiocarbamates L {where L = pyrazolyldithiocarbamate (L1), 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyldithiocarbamate (L2), or indazolyldithiocarbamate (L3)} with the gold precursors [AuCl(PPh3)], [Au2Cl2(dppe)], [Au2Cl2(dppp)], or [Au2Cl2(dpph)] lead to the new gold(I) complexes [AuL(PPh3)] (1-3), [Au2L2(dppe)] (4-6), [(Au2L2)(dppp)] (7-9), and [Au2(L)2(dpph)] (10-12) {where dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, and dpph = 1,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane}. These gold compounds were characterized by a combination of NMR and infrared spectroscopy, microanalysis, and mass spectrometry; and in selected cases by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds 4-6, which have dppe ligands, are unstable in solution for prolonged periods, with 4 readily transforming to the Au18 cluster [Au18S8(dppe)6]Cl2 (4a) in dichloromethane. Compounds 1-3 and 7-12 are all active against human cervical epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cells, but the most active compounds are 10 and 11, with IC50 values of 0.51 μM and 0.14 μM, respectively. Compounds 10 and 11 are more selective toward HeLa cells than they are toward normal cells, with selectivities of 25.0 and 70.5, respectively. Further tests, utilizing the 60-cell-line Developmental Therapeutics Program at the National Cancer Institute (U.S.A.), showed 10 and 11 to be active against nine other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankline
K. Keter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland
Park 2006, South Africa
- Advanced
Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland
Park 2006, South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Margo Nell
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Werner
E. van Zyl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland
Park 2006, South Africa
| | - James Darkwa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland
Park 2006, South Africa
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Boscutti G, Marchiò L, Ronconi L, Fregona D. Insights into the reactivity of gold-dithiocarbamato anticancer agents toward model biomolecules by using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Chemistry 2013; 19:13428-36. [PMID: 24038383 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Some gold(III)-dithiocarbamato derivatives of either single amino acids or oligopeptides have shown promise as potential anticancer agents, but their capability to interact with biologically relevant macromolecules is still poorly understood. We investigated the affinity of the representative complex [Au(III)Br2(dtc-Sar-OCH3)] (dtc: dithiocarbamate; Sar: sarcosine (N-methylglycine)) with selected model molecules for histidine-, methionine-, and cysteine-rich proteins (that is, 1-methylimidazole, dimethylsulfide, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, respectively). In particular, detailed mono- and multinuclear NMR studies, in combination with multiple (13)C/(15)N enrichments, allowed interactions to be followed over time and indicated somewhat unexpected reaction pathways. Whereas dimethylsulfide proved to be unreactive, a sudden multistep redox reaction occurred in the presence of the other potential sulfur donor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (confirmed if glutathione was used instead). On the other hand, 1-methylimidazole underwent an unprecedented acid-base reaction with the gold(III) complex, rather than the expected coordination to the metal center by replacing, for instance, a bromide. Our results are discussed herein and compared with the data available in the literature on related complexes; our findings confirm that the peculiar reactivity of gold(III)-dithiocarbamato complexes can lead to novel reaction pathways and, therefore, to new cytotoxic mechanisms in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Boscutti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, Padova 35131 (Italy)
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Ferreira IP, de Lima GM, Paniago EB, Takahashi JA, Krambrock K, Pinheiro CB, Wardell JL, Visentin LC. Synthesis, characterization, structural and biological aspects of copper(II) dithiocarbamate complexes – Part II, [Cu{S2CN(Me)(R1)}2], [Cu{S2CN(Me)(R2)}2] and [Cu{S2CN(R3)(R4)}2] {R1=CH2CH(OMe)2, R2=2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, R3=CH2(CH2)2NCHPhOCH2Ph and R4=CH2CH2OH}. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Barry NPE, Sadler PJ. Exploration of the medical periodic table: towards new targets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5106-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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