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Gul A, Ahmad M, Ullah R, Ullah R, Kang Y, Liao W. Systematic review on antibacterial photodynamic therapeutic effects of transition metals ruthenium and iridium complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112523. [PMID: 38489864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to public health and ranks among the principal causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is an emerging therapeutic technique that has excellent potential to embark upon antibiotic resistance problems. The efficacy of this therapy hinges on the careful selection of suitable photosensitizers (PSs). Transition metal complexes, such as Ruthenium (Ru) and Iridium (Ir), are highly suitable for use as PSs because of their surface plasmonic resonance, crystal structure, optical characteristics, and photonics. These metals belong to the platinum family and exhibit similar chemical behavior due to their partially filled d-shells. Ruthenium and Iridium-based complexes generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which interact with proteins and DNA to induce cell death. As photodynamic therapeutic agents, these complexes have been widely studied for their efficacy against cancer cells, but their potential for antibacterial activity remains largely unexplored. Our study focuses on exploring the antibacterial photodynamic effect of Ruthenium and Iridium-based complexes against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of various types of research in this area, including the structures, synthesis methods, and antibacterial photodynamic applications of these complexes. Our findings will provide valuable insights into the design, development, and modification of PSs to enhance their photodynamic therapeutic effect on bacteria, along with a clear understanding of their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anadil Gul
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Raza Ullah
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Applied Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Wenchao Liao
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen 518118, China.
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Kanyora AK, Omondi RO, Ongoma P, Omolo JO, Welsh A, Prince S, Gichumbi J, Mambanda A, Smith GS. Mononuclear η 6-arene ruthenium(II) complexes with pyrazolyl-pyridazine ligands: synthesis, CT-DNA binding, reactivity towards glutathione, and cytotoxicity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:251-264. [PMID: 38494554 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic η6-arene ruthenium(II) complexes with 3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine (Ru1, Ru2, and Ru5) and 3-chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine (Ru3-4) N,N' heterocyclic and η6-arene (cymene (Ru1-4) or toluene (Ru 5)) have been synthesized. The ruthenium(II) complexes have common "three-legged piano-stool" pseudo-octahedral structures known for half-sandwich complexes. Evolution of their UV-Visible absorption spectra in PBS buffer or DMSO over 24 h confirmed their good solvolysis stability. Titrations of the complexes with the calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were monitored using UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The complexes interact moderately with CT-DNA and their binding constants are in the order of 104 M-1. Competitive binding of the complexes to a DNA-Hoechst 33,258 depicted competitive displacement of Hoechst from DNA's minor grooves. These complexes bind to glutathione forming GSH-adducts through S coordination by replacement of a halide, with the iodo-analogues having higher binding constants than the chloro-complexes. Cyclic voltammograms of the complexes exhibited one electron-transfer quasi-reversible process. Trends in the molecular docking data of Ru1-5/DNA were similar to those for DNA binding constants. Of the five, only Ru1, Ru3 and Ru5 showed some activity (moderate) against the MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values in the range of 59.2-39.9 for which Ru5 was the most active. However, the more difficult-to-treat cell line, MDA-MB 231 cell was recalcitrant to the treatment by these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos K Kanyora
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
| | - Reinner O Omondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Peter Ongoma
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Josiah O Omolo
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Joel Gichumbi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, P.O. Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya
| | - Allen Mambanda
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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Albaqami FF, Sahib AS, Alharthy KM, Altharawi A, Alshahrani MY, Jawad MA, Suliman M, Ahmad I. Antibacterial activity and DNA interaction of triazine iron and ruthenium complexes: spectroscopic, voltammetric and theoretical studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29594-29606. [PMID: 37822666 PMCID: PMC10562978 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04152b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tptz), [Ru(μ-tptz)2]Cl2 and [Fe(μ-tptz)2]Cl2, complexes containing Ru (1) and Fe (2) are created. Using electronic absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, viscosity measurement and electrochemistry, as well as two complexes with Fish Salmon DNA (FS-DNA), the binding interactions of these complexes were investigated. According to binding assays, complexes bind to DNA through a mild intercalation mechanism, most likely via the DNA helix's base pairs being intercalated by the tptz ligand. Additionally, complex (2) is more capable of binding than complex (1). The electrochemical method offers a quick and easy way to determine the binding constant (Kb). The antibacterial performance of these complexes versus Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was examined using the zone of inhibition test, MIC, and MBC method, and the results revealed that complex (2) exhibits strong antibacterial activity against these bacteria. The outcomes of this investigation will help in understanding DNA interaction mechanisms as well as the creation of a prospective one. Additionally, the density functional theory (DFT) computation included probes of DNA structure and conformation as well as potential pharmacological regulators for particular disorders to fully explain the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal F Albaqami
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University AlKharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameer S Sahib
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College 51001 Hilla Iraq
| | - Khalid M Alharthy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University AlKharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abed Jawad
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College Iraq
| | - Muath Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
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4
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Chauhan P, Behera KC, Ravikanth M. Synthesis, Structure, Spectral, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Studies of Ru(II) Complexes of 3-Pyrrolyl BODIPY-Based Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13919-13928. [PMID: 37584186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Pyrrolyl BODIPY having an appended pyrrolyl group at the 3-position of BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) and its functionalized derivatives have been used as ligands to prepare one example of Ru(II) complex of pyrrolyl dipyrrin and three unique examples of bichromophoric BODIPY-Ru(II) complexes in good yields. The complexes were characterized by HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, X-ray analysis for two complexes, absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT/TD-DFT techniques. The X-ray structure of the Ru(II) complex of pyrrolyl dipyrrin revealed that the geometry around the Ru(II) ion was pseudo-octahedral with an arene unit occupying three coordination sites in η6-fashion and two nitrogen atoms of the dipyrrin ring and one chloro group adopting the "three legs piano-stool" structure. The X-ray structure of the bichromophoric BODIPY-Ru(II) complex revealed that the BODIPY core was planar and the central B(III) was coordinated with two pyrrole nitrogens of the dipyrrin unit and two axial fluoride ions in a tetrahedral geometry, and Ru(II) was bonded to appended pyrrole "N" and "N" of benzimidazole substituent present at the α-position of appended pyrrole, one chloro group, and one arene ring in a pseudo-octahedral geometry. The spectral studies revealed that the electronic properties of the BODIPY unit in BODIPY-Ru(II) complexes were significantly altered, and electrochemical studies indicated that the BODIPY-Ru(II) complexes exhibit one oxidation corresponding to Ru(II) to Ru(III) and one reduction corresponding to the BODIPY unit. The DFT/TD-DFT studies corroborated the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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AlGhamdi HA, AlZahrani YM, Alharthi S, Mohy-Eldin MS, Mohamed EH, Mahmoud SA, Attia MS. Novel sensor for the determination of CA 15-3 in serum of breast cancer patients based on Fe-gallic acid complex doped in modified cellulose polymer thin films. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21769-21780. [PMID: 37521157 PMCID: PMC10375544 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe-gallic acid MOF embedded in an epoxy methyl cellulose polymer (CMC) thin film was synthesized and characterized by different micro-analytical tools such as: FE-SEM/EDX, XPS analysis, XRD analysis, FT-IR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Fe-gallic acid MOF doped in a stable CMC polymer thin film is used as a novel sensor to identify CA 15-3 in the sera of patients suffering breast malignancy. The presence of appropriate functional groups in aqueous CA 15-3 solutions enables it to interact with the Fe-gallic acid MOF embedded in the thin film. The Fe-gallic acid MOF was found to absorb energy at 350 nm (λex) and emits radiation at 439 nm which was specifically quenched in the presence of CA 15-3 over a working concentration range of 0.05-570 U mL-1. In contrast to other CA 15-3 detection methods which suffered from electronic noise, interference and slowness, the Fe-gallic acid MOF proved its sensitivity as an economic, stable and reliable probe for the detection and determination of CA 15-3 in patients' serum samples with a detection limit of 0.01 U mL-1 at pH 7.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A AlGhamdi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmeen M AlZahrani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha Alharthi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Mohy-Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientifc Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg El-Arab City, P. O. Box: 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ekram H Mohamed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, The British University in Egypt El Sherouk city Cairo 11378 Egypt
| | - Safwat A Mahmoud
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
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Skoczynska A, Lewinski A, Pokora M, Paneth P, Budzisz E. An Overview of the Potential Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Properties of Ru(II)/(III) Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119512. [PMID: 37298471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the existing knowledge about Ru(II)/(III) ion complexes with a potential application in medicine or pharmacy, which may offer greater potential in cancer chemotherapy than Pt(II) complexes, which are known to cause many side effects. Hence, much attention has been paid to research on cancer cell lines and clinical trials have been undertaken on ruthenium complexes. In addition to their antitumor activity, ruthenium complexes are under evaluation for other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and HIV. Attempts are also being made to evaluate ruthenium complexes as potential photosensitizers with polypyridine ligands for use in cancer chemotherapy. The review also briefly examines theoretical approaches to studying the interactions of Ru(II)/Ru(III) complexes with biological receptors, which can facilitate the rational design of ruthenium-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoczynska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewinski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pokora
- International Center of Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Paneth
- International Center of Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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van Niekerk A, Blanckenberg A, Kimani S, Chakraborty S, Prince S, Chellan P, Mapolie S. Mechanistic insights into the anti-cancer activity of the PEGylated binuclear palladacycle, BTC2, against triple-negative breast cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112191. [PMID: 36996694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a low five-year survival rate, especially if the cancer is diagnosed at a late stage and has already metastasized beyond the breast tissue. Current chemotherapeutic options for TNBC rely on traditional platinum-containing drugs like cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. Unfortunately, these drugs are indiscriminately toxic, resulting in severe side effects and the development of drug resistance. Palladium compounds have shown to be viable alternatives to platinum complexes since they are less toxic and have displayed selectivity towards the TNBC cell lines. Here we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of binuclear benzylidene palladacycles with varying phosphine bridging ligands. From this series we have identified BTC2 to be more soluble (28.38-56.77 μg/mL) and less toxic than its predecessor, AJ5, while maintaining its anticancer properties (IC50 (MDA-MB-231) = 0.58 ± 0.012 μM). To complement the previous cell death pathway study of BTC2, we investigated the DNA and BSA binding properties of BTC2 through various spectroscopic and electrophoretic techniques, as well as molecular docking studies. We demonstrate that BTC2 displays multimodal DNA binding properties as both a partial intercalator and groove binder, with the latter being the predominant mode of action. BTC2 was also able to quench the fluorescence of BSA, thereby suggesting that the compound could be transported by albumin in mammalian cells. Molecular docking studies revealed that BTC2 is a major groove binder and binds preferentially to subdomain IIB of BSA. This study provides insight into the influence of the ligands on the activity of the binuclear palladacycles and provides much needed information on the mechanisms through which these complexes elicit their potent anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick van Niekerk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Angelique Blanckenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Serah Kimani
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7625, South Africa
| | - Suparna Chakraborty
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7625, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7625, South Africa
| | - Prinessa Chellan
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Selwyn Mapolie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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8
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DNA/protein binding and anticancer activity of ruthenium (II) arene complexes based on quinoline dipyrrin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Sairaj V, Sundarrajan B, Mani NK, Muthuswamy K. Bio functional molecular complexes, ferrocenyl hydrazone based binuclear Cu (II) derivatives: Synthesis, spectral, DNA/BSA binding & in-silico analyses. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Teeuwen PCP, Melissari Z, Senge MO, Williams RM. Metal Coordination Effects on the Photophysics of Dipyrrinato Photosensitizers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206967. [PMID: 36296559 PMCID: PMC9610856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this work, we review the metal coordination effect on the photophysics of metal dipyrrinato complexes. Dipyrrinato complexes are promising candidates in the search for alternative transition metal photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes can be activated by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength, after which, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. The metal coordination allows for the use of the heavy atom effect, which can enhance the triplet generation necessary for generation of ROS. Additionally, the flexibility of these complexes for metal ions, substitutions and ligands allows the possibility to tune their photophysical properties. A general overview of the mechanism of photodynamic therapy and the properties of the triplet photosensitizers is given, followed by further details of dipyrrinato complexes described in the literature that show relevance as photosensitizers for PDT. In particular, the photophysical properties of Re(I), Ru(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), Zn(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Al(III) dipyrrinato complexes are discussed. The potential for future development in the field of (dipyrrinato)metal complexes is addressed, and several new research topics are suggested throughout this work. We propose that significant advances could be made for heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) and homoleptic bis(dipyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes and their application as photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. P. Teeuwen
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoi Melissari
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
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11
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Pete S, Roy N, Kar B, Paira P. Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Hohlfeld BF, Gitter B, Kingsbury CJ, Flanagan KJ, Steen D, Wieland GD, Kulak N, Senge MO, Wiehe A. Dipyrrinato-Iridium(III) Complexes for Application in Photodynamic Therapy and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Chemistry 2021; 27:6440-6459. [PMID: 33236800 PMCID: PMC8248005 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of bio-targetable photosensitizers is of utmost importance to the emerging field of photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial (photo-)therapy. A synthetic strategy is presented in which chelating dipyrrin moieties are used to enhance the known photoactivity of iridium(III) metal complexes. Formed complexes can thus be functionalized in a facile manner with a range of targeting groups at their chemically active reaction sites. Dipyrrins with N- and O-substituents afforded (dipy)iridium(III) complexes via complexation with the respective Cp*-iridium(III) and ppy-iridium(III) precursors (dipy=dipyrrinato, Cp*=pentamethyl-η5 -cyclopentadienyl, ppy=2-phenylpyridyl). Similarly, electron-deficient [IrIII (dipy)(ppy)2 ] complexes could be used for post-functionalization, forming alkenyl, alkynyl and glyco-appended iridium(III) complexes. The phototoxic activity of these complexes has been assessed in cellular and bacterial assays with and without light; the [IrIII (Cl)(Cp*)(dipy)] complexes and the glyco-substituted iridium(III) complexes showing particular promise as photomedicine candidates. Representative crystal structures of the complexes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
| | | | - Christopher J. Kingsbury
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
| | - Dorika Steen
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
| | | | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- Institut für ChemieOtto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
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Sudhindra P, Ajay Sharma S, Roy N, Moharana P, Paira P. Recent advances in cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and mechanism of action of ruthenium metallodrugs: A review. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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De S, Ashok Kumar S. Development of highly potent Arene-Ru (II)-ninhydrin complexes for inhibition of cancer cell growth. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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16
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Maikoo S, Chakraborty A, Vukea N, Dingle LMK, Samson WJ, de la Mare JA, Edkins AL, Booysen IN. Ruthenium complexes with mono- or bis-heterocyclic chelates: DNA/BSA binding, antioxidant and anticancer studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4077-4088. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1775126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Maikoo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Abir Chakraborty
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Nyeleti Vukea
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | - William John Samson
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jo-Anne de la Mare
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Irvin Noel Booysen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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17
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Jiang GB, Zhang WY, He M, Gu YY, Bai L, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Du F. Design and synthesis of new ruthenium polypyridyl complexes with potent antitumor activity in vitro. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117132. [PMID: 31146211 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of BTPIP (2-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and its four ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(NN)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2 (N-N = bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, Ru(II)-1; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(II)-2; dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Ru(II)-3; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(II)-4). The DNA binding behaviors reveal that the complexes bind to calf thymus DNA by intercalation. Cytotoxicity of the complexes against A549, HepG-2, SGC-7901 and Hela cells were evaluated in vitro. Complexes Ru(II)-1, Ru(II)-2, Ru(II)-3, Ru(II)-4 show moderate activity on the cell proliferation in A549 cells with IC50 values of 9.3 ± 1.2, 12.1 ± 1.6, 10.3 ± 1.6, 8.9 ± 1.2 μM, respectively. Apoptosis assessment, intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), location in mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell invasion assay and cell cycle arrest were also performed to explore the mechanism of this action. When the concentration of the ruthenium(II) complexes is increased, the amount of reactive oxygen species increases obviously and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreases dramatically in A549 cells. Most importantly, the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes could arrive the cytoplasm through the cell membrane and accumulate in the mitochondria. These results showed that the ruthenium(II) complexes could induce apoptosis in A549 cells through an ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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18
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Yahaya I, Chemchem M, Aydıner B, Seferoğlu N, Erva Tepe F, Açık L, Aytuna Çerçi N, Türk M, Seferoğlu Z. Novel fluorescent coumarin-thiophene-derived Schiff bases: Synthesis, effects of substituents, photophysical properties, DFT calculations, and biological activities. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Ruthenium coordination compounds of biological and biomedical significance. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Synthesis, solvatochromism, photochemistry, DNA binding, photocleavage, cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies of a ruthenium(II) complex bearing photoactive subunit. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Synthesis, structure, DNA binding and anticancer activity of mixed ligand ruthenium(II) complex. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Sheta SM, El-Sheikh SM, Abd-Elzaher MM. Simple synthesis of novel copper metal–organic framework nanoparticles: biosensing and biological applications. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4847-4855. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel Cu-MOF-NPs (C1) were successfully synthesized and used as biosensors for T3 hormone and showed high antibacterial activity against various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheta M. Sheta
- Inorganic Chemistry Department
- National Research Centre
- Giza
- Egypt
| | - Said M. El-Sheikh
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department
- Central Metallurgical R & D Institute
- Cairo
- Egypt
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23
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Teixeira RG, Brás AR, Côrte-Real L, Tatikonda R, Sanches A, Robalo MP, Avecilla F, Moreira T, Garcia MH, Haukka M, Preto A, Valente A. Novel ruthenium methylcyclopentadienyl complex bearing a bipyridine perfluorinated ligand shows strong activity towards colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:503-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Ramadan RM, Elsheemy WM, Hassan NS, Abdel Aziz AA. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, thermal behaviour,
in vitro
antimicrobial and anticancer activities of novel ruthenium tricarbonyl complexes containing monodentate V‐shaped Schiff bases. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan M. Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Walid M. Elsheemy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Nahla S. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
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25
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Liang SY, Chen YX, Zeng YC, Wu Q, Qiu F, Wei XY, Li L, Mei WJ, Zheng WJ. The DNA-binding behavior and DFT calculation of ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(phen)2L](ClO4)2 (L = HMOPIP and MOHPIP). J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1411593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yu Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Chang Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Qiu
- Department of hospital infection control, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Center for Molecular Probes & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Paitandi RP, Mukhopadhyay S, Singh RS, Sharma V, Mobin SM, Pandey DS. Anticancer Activity of Iridium(III) Complexes Based on a Pyrazole-Appended Quinoline-Based BODIPY. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12232-12247. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Paitandi
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roop Shikha Singh
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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