Evaluation of in silico ADMET analysis and human serum albumin interactions of a new lanthanum(III) complex by spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies

Biochemical and biophysical interaction of rare earth elements with biomacromolecules: A comprehensive review

The growing utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) in industrial and technological applications has captured global interest, leading to the development of high-performance technologies in medical diagnosis, agriculture, and other electronic industries. This accelerated utilization has also raised human exposure levels, resulting in both favourable and unfavourable impacts. However, the effects of REEs are dependent on their concentration and molecular species. Therefore, scientific interest has increased in investigating the molecular interactions of REEs with biomolecules. In this current review, particular attention was paid to the molecular mechanism of interactions of Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), and Gadolinium (Gd) with biomolecules, and the biological consequences were broadly interpreted. The review involved gathering and evaluating a vast scientific collection which primarily focused on the impact associated with REEs, ranging from earlier reports to recent discoveries, including studies in human and animal models. Thus, understanding the molecular interactions of each element with biomolecules will be highly beneficial in elucidating the consequences of REEs accumulation in the living organisms.

Characterization of the structural and molecular interactions of Ferulic acid ethyl ester with human serum albumin and Lysozyme through multi-methods

Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) is an essential raw material for the formulation of drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and leukopenia. It is also used as a fixed aroma agent for food production due to its high pharmacological activity. In this study, the interaction of FAEE with Human serum albumin (HSA) and Lysozyme (LZM) was characterized by multi-spectrum and molecular dynamics simulations at four different temperatures. Additionally, the quenching mechanism of FAEE-HSA and FAEE-LZM were explored. Meanwhile, the binding constants, binding sites, thermodynamic parameters, molecular dynamics, molecular docking binding energy, and the influence of metal ions in the system were evaluated. The results of Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, CD, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, and resonance light scattering showed that the microenvironment of HSA and LZM and the protein conformation changed in the presence of FAEE. Furthermore, the effects of some common metal ions on the binding constants of FAEE-HSA and FAEE-LZM were investigated. Overall, the experimental results provide a theoretical basis for promoting the application of FAEE in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries and significant guidance for food safety, drug design, and development.

In-Silico Modeling in Drug Metabolism and Interaction: Current Strategies of Lead Discovery

BACKGROUND

Drug metabolism is a complex mechanism of human body systems to detoxify foreign particles, chemicals, and drugs through bio alterations. It involves many biochemical reactions carried out by invivo enzyme systems present in the liver, kidney, intestine, lungs, and plasma. After drug administration, it crosses several biological membranes to reach into the target site for binding and produces the therapeutic response. After that, it may undergo detoxification and excretion to get rid of the biological systems. Most of the drugs and its metabolites are excreted through kidney via urination. Some drugs and their metabolites enter into intestinal mucosa and excrete through feces. Few of the drugs enter into hepatic circulation where they go into the intestinal tract. The drug leaves the liver via the bile duct and is excreted through feces. Therefore, the study of total methodology of drug biotransformation and interactions with various targets is costly.

METHODS

To minimize time and cost, in-silico algorithms have been utilized for lead-like drug discovery. Insilico modeling is the process where a computer model with a suitable algorithm is developed to perform a controlled experiment. It involves the combination of both in-vivo and in-vitro experimentation with virtual trials, eliminating the non-significant variables from a large number of variable parameters. Whereas, the major challenge for the experimenter is the selection and validation of the preferred model, as well as precise simulation in real physiological status.

RESULTS

The present review discussed the application of in-silico models to predict absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of drug molecules and also access the net rate of metabolism of a compound.

CONCLUSION

It helps with the identification of enzyme isoforms; which are likely to metabolize a compound, as well as the concentration dependence of metabolism and the identification of expected metabolites. In terms of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), models have been described for the inhibition of metabolism of one compound by another, and for the compound-dependent induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

Interactions of Whey Proteins with Metal Ions

Whey proteins tend to interact with metal ions, which have implications in different fields related to human life quality. There are two impacts of such interactions: they can provide opportunities for applications in food and nutraceuticals, but may lead to analytical challenges related to their study and outcomes for food processing, storage, and food interactions. Moreover, interactions of whey proteins with metal ions are complicated, requiring deep understanding, leading to consequences, such as metalloproteins, metallocomplexes, nanoparticles, or aggregates, creating a biologically active system. To understand the phenomena of metal–protein interactions, it is important to develop analytical approaches combined with studies of changes in the biological activity and to analyze the impact of such interactions on different fields. The aim of this review was to discuss chemistry of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and lactotransferrin, their interactions with different metal ions, analytical techniques used to study them and the implications for food and nutraceuticals.

Anti-cancer study and whey protein complexation of new lanthanum(III) complex with the aim of achieving bioactive anticancer metal-based drugs

In this study, a new lanthanum (III)-amino acid complex utilizing cysteine has been synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activities of the prepared La(III) complex against MCF-7 cell lines were studied. Results of MTT assay showed that at all three incubation times, the cytotoxic effect of prepared La(III) complex on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines displays a time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects. The interactions of the La(III) complex with two whey proteins (bovine serum albumin, BSA, and Bovine β-lactoglobulin, βLG) have been explored by using spectroscopic and molecular dicking methods. The obtained results indicated that La(III) complex strongly quenched the fluorescence of two carrier proteins in static quenching mode and also, BSA hah stronger binding affinity toward studied complex than βLG whit binding constant values of K_{BSA-La Complex} ∼ 0.11 × 10⁴ M^-1 and K_{βLG-La Complex} ∼ 0.63 × 10³ M^-1 at 300 K. The thermodynamic parameters revealed the contribution of hydrogen bond and Vander Waals interactions in both systems. The distances of the La(III) complex whit whey proteins were calculated using Förster energy transfer theory and proved existence of the energy transfer between two proteins and prepared La(III) complex with a high probability. FT-IR and UV-Vis absorption measurements indicated that the binding of the La(III) to BSA and βLG may induce conformational and micro-environmental changes of the proteins. The docking results indicate that the La(III) complex bind to residues located in the site II of BSA and second site of βLG. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Binding forces between a novel Schiff base palladium(II) complex and two carrier proteins: human serum albumi and β-lactoglobulin

Ligand binding studies on carrier proteins are crucial in determining the pharmacological properties of drug candidates. Here, a new palladium(II) complex was synthesized and characterized. The in vitro binding studies of this complex with two carrier proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), and β-lactoglobulin (βLG) were investigated by employing biophysical techniques as well as computational modeling. The experimental results showed that the Pd(II) complex interacted with two carrier proteins with moderate binding affinity (K_b ≈ .5 × 10⁴ M^-1 for HSA and .2 × 10³ M^-1 for βLG). Binding of Pd(II) complex to HSA and βLG caused strong fluorescence quenching of both proteins through static quenching mechanism. In two studied systems hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were the major stabilizing forces in the drug-protein complex formation. UV-Visible and FT-IR measurements indicated that the binding of above complex to HSA and βLG may induce conformational and micro-environmental changes of two proteins. Protein-ligand docking analysis confirmed that the Pd(II) complex binds to residues located in the subdomain IIA of HSA and site A of βLG. All these experimental and computational results suggest that βLG and HSA might act as carrier protein for Pd(II) complex to deliver it to the target molecules.

Synthesis, characterization, protein interaction and antibacterial activity of a lanthanum(iii) complex [La(Trp)3(OH2)2] (Trp = tryptophan) as a new precursor for synthesis of La2O2CO3 nanoparticles

In the present study, a lanthanum(iii) complex containing tryptophan amino acid was synthesized and characterized.