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Das A, Sangavi R, Gowrishankar S, Kumar R, Sankaralingam M. Deciphering the Mechanism of MRSA Targeting Copper(II) Complexes of NN2 Pincer-Type Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18926-18939. [PMID: 37930252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
WHO lists AMR as one of the top ten global public health issues. Therefore, constant effort is needed to develop more efficient antimicrobial drugs. As a result, earth-abundant transition-metal complexes have emerged as an excellent solution. In this regard, new aminoquinoline-based copper(II) pincer complexes 1-3 were designed, synthesized, and characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques. It is worth mentioning that, at the highest concentration (1024 μg/mL) of complexes (1-3), the hemolysis was found to be <15%, implying their less toxicity. Further, the complexes effectively interfered with the growth of Gram positive MRSA and the fungus Candida albicans. Among them, complex 2 was promising (MIC = 16 μg/mL) against MRSA, which was better than the known antibacterial drug kanamycin (64 μg/mL) under identical conditions. The Alamar blue cell viability test and the MBC/MFC identified by spot assay were in accordance with MIC values. Moreover, the insilico studies explained the most probable mechanism of action as inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis and dysfunction of antibiotic sensing proteins. Similarly, the antifungal action might be due to the cell surface adhesion protein dysfunction by the complexes. Furthermore, we are expecting to draw these compounds for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athulya Das
- Bioinspired & Biomimetic Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Ravichellam Sangavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Muniyandi Sankaralingam
- Bioinspired & Biomimetic Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, Kerala, India
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Das A, Sankaralingam M. Are Zn(II) pincer complexes efficient apoptosis inducers? a deep insight into their activity against A549 lung cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14465-14476. [PMID: 37772631 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
To expand the array of chemotherapeutic drugs, earth-abundant metal complexes are found to be the future direction. In this regard, new zinc(II) complexes 1-3 of 8-aminoquinoline-based pincer ligands were synthesized, characterized and tested for their anticancer activity. The IC50 values of these complexes were estimated by an MTT assay to be 16.35-17.95 μM and 33.35-40 μM against A549 lung and MCF-7 breast cancer cells respectively. Among them, 3 was slightly better than the other complexes and, thus, subjected to detailed studies. Moreover, the ligand corresponding to 3 was less active against both the cell lines than the complex. Further, 3 showed no toxicity against normal fibroblast cell line L929, which instantly elevated the drug characteristic of our complex. An AO-EB staining assay revealed that 3 can induce apoptosis in A549, and it was quantified by flow cytometry as 22.77%. Moreover, the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential determined by JC-1 staining indicated excess ROS production sites in the mitochondria, which was confirmed by carboxy-H2DCFDA staining. Interestingly, the present complexes show better activity than that of the standard drug cisplatin against A549 cells. Overall, the studies provided promising results that can be extended for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athulya Das
- Bioinspired & Biomimetic Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode-673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Muniyandi Sankaralingam
- Bioinspired & Biomimetic Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode-673601, Kerala, India.
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Mammadbayli EH, Ismayilova SV, Hajiyeva GA, Jafarova NA, Suleymanova EI. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Cyclohexane-Containing Mannich Bases Derived from Secondary Amines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Das A, Rajeev A, Bhunia S, Arunkumar M, Chari N, Sankaralingam M. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of nickel(II) complexes of tridentate N3 ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pavlidis N, Kofinas A, Papanikolaou MG, Miras HN, Drouza C, Kalampounias AG, Kabanos TA, Konstandi M, Leondaritis G. Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of quinoline derivatives and their complexes with copper(ΙΙ) in in vitro cell models of Alzheimer's disease. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111393. [PMID: 33610031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The main pathophysiological mechanisms involve cholinergic neurotransmission, beta-amyloid (Αβ) and Tau proteins, several metal ions and oxidative stress, among others. Current drugs offer only relief of symptoms and not a cure of AD. Accumulating evidence suggests that multifunctional compounds, targeting multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, may have a great potential for the treatment of AD. In this study, we report on the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of four quinoline-based metal chelators and their respective copper(II) complexes. Most compounds were non-toxic at concentrations ≤5 μM. In neuroprotection studies employing undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, the metal chelator N2,N6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (H2dqpyca) appeared to exert significant neuroprotection against both, Aβ peptide- and H2O2-induced toxicities. The copper(II) complex [CuII(H2bqch)Cl2].3H2O (H2bqch = N,N'-Bis(8-quinolyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine) also protected against H2O2-induced toxicity, with a half-maximal effective concentration of 80 nM. Molecular docking simulations, using the crystal structure of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-rivastigmine complex as a template, indicated a strong interaction of the metal chelator H2dqpyca, followed by H2bqch, with both the peripheral anionic site and the catalytic active site of AChE. In conclusion, the sufficient neuroprotection provided by the metal chelator H2dqpyca and the copper(II) complex [CuII(H2bqch)Cl2].3H2O along with the evidence for interaction between H2dqpyca and AChE, indicate that these compounds have the potential and should be further investigated in the framework of preclinical studies employing animal models of AD as candidate multifunctional lead compounds for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pavlidis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Aristeidis Kofinas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Michael G Papanikolaou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Haralampos N Miras
- West CHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Chryssoula Drouza
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
| | - Angelos G Kalampounias
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Themistoklis A Kabanos
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - George Leondaritis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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D'souza LR, Gaonkar SK, Harmalkar SS, Asogekar PA, Furtado I, Dhuri SN. A Water‐Rich Cobalt(II) Compound: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal, Crystal Structure Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luann R. D'souza
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | - Sanket K. Gaonkar
- Department of Microbiology Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | | | - Pratik A. Asogekar
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | - Irene Furtado
- Department of Microbiology Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | - Sunder N. Dhuri
- School of Chemical Sciences Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
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Harmalkar SS, Naik AV, Nilajakar MK, Dhuri SN. Chemoselective Detection of 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol by Ground State Adduct Formation via Protonation of Quinoline Moiety of Non‐heme Ligands with Structural Evidence. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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