Ruthenium(III) hydrazone complexes with triphenylphosphine/triphenylarsine co-ligands: Synthesis, DNA/BSA binding, antioxidative and cytotoxic activity

Dual Antimicrobial-Anticancer Potential, Hydrolysis, and DNA/BSA Binding Affinity of a Novel Water-Soluble Ruthenium-Arene Ethylenediamine Schiff base (RAES) Organometallic

The need for a systematic approach in developing new metal-based drugs with dual anticancer-antimicrobial properties is emphasized by the vulnerability of cancer patients to bacterial infections. In this context, a novel organometallic assembly was designed, featuring ruthenium(II) coordination with p-cymene, one chlorido ligand, and a bidentate neutral Schiff base derived from 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine. The compound was extensively characterized in both solid-state and solution, employing single crystal X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and density functional theory, alongside Hirshfeld surface analysis. The hydrolysis kinetic was thoroughly investigated, revealing the important role of the chloro-aqua equilibrium in the dynamics of binding with deoxyribonucleic acid and bovine serum albumin. Notably, the aqua species exhibited a pronounced affinity for deoxyribonucleic acid, engaging through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions, while the chloro species demonstrated groove-binding properties. Interaction with albumin revealed distinct binding mechanisms. The aqua species displayed covalent binding, contrasting with the ligand-like van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding observed with the chloro specie. Molecular docking studies highlighted site-specific interactions with biomolecular targets. Remarkably, the compound exhibited wide spectrum moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, coupled with low micromolar cytotoxic activity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and significant activity against human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cells. The presented findings encourage further development of this compound, promising avenues for its evolution into a versatile therapeutic agent targeting both infectious diseases and cancer.

Hydrazone-flavonol based oxidovanadium(V) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and antihyperglycemic activity of chloro derivative in vivo

Wet synthesis approach afforded four new heteroleptic mononuclear neutral diamagnetic oxidovanadium(V) complexes, comprising salicylaldehyde-based 2-furoic acid hydrazones and a flavonol coligand of the general composition [VO(fla)(L-ONO)]. The complexes were comprehensively characterized, including chemical analysis, conductometry, infrared, electronic, and mass spectroscopy, as well as 1D 1H and proton-decoupled 13C(1H) NMR spectroscopy, alongside extensive 2D 1H1H COSY, 1H13C HMQC, and 1H13C HMBC NMR analyses. Additionally, the quantum chemical properties of the complexes were studied using Gaussian at the B3LYP, HF, and M062X levels on the 6-31++g(d,p) basis sets. The interaction of these hydrolytically inert vanadium complexes and the BSA was investigated through spectrofluorimetric titration, synchronous fluorimetry, and FRET analysis in a temperature-dependent manner, providing valuable thermodynamic insights into van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking was conducted to gain further understanding of the specific binding sites of the complexes to BSA. Complex 2, featuring a 5-chloro-substituted salicylaldehyde component of the hydrazone, was extensively examined for its biological activity in vivo. The effects of complex administration on biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated in both healthy and diabetic Wistar rats, revealing antihyperglycemic activity at millimolar concentration. Furthermore, histopathological analysis and bioaccumulation studies of the complex in the brain, kidneys, and livers of healthy and diabetic rats revealed the potential for further development of vanadium(V) hydrazone complexes as antidiabetic and insulin-mimetic agents.

Preparation of new organo-ruthenium(II) complexes and their nucleic acid/albumin binding efficiency and in vitro cytotoxicity studies

Hetero-bimetallic ruthenium(II) complexes (PRAFIZ and PRBFIZ) containing acetyl ferrocene (AFIZ)/benzoyl ferrocene isonicotinic hydrazone ligands (BFIZ) were synthesized and characterized by various spectral and analytical techniques. The structure of acetyl ferrocene isonicotinic hydrazone (AFIZ) and the complex PRBFIZ was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The hydrazide ligands coordinated in a bidentate monobasic fashion using their N1 hydrazinic nitrogen and enolic oxygen atoms. The binding interactions of the ligands and complexes were examined using Calf-Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) experiments clarified the efficient binding interaction of the ligands and complexes with BSA. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity studies on MDA-MB-261 breast cancer cells and A549 human lung cancer cells and cell morphological analysis results through staining assays clearly indicated the cytotoxic nature of the complexes.

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of chromone-based phenylhydrazone and benzoylhydrazone derivatives as antidiabetic agents targeting α-glucosidase

To develop novel α-glucosidase inhibitors, a series of chromone-based phenylhydrazone and benzoylhydrazone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. The target compounds were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra. Some of the compounds showed a varying degree of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 6.59 ± 0.09 to 158.55 ± 0.87 μM. Among them, compound 5c (IC₅₀ = 6.59 ± 0.09 μM) was the most potent inhibitor by comparison with positive control acarbose (IC₅₀ = 685.11 ± 7.46 μM). Enzyme kinetic, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectra, and molecular docking techniques were employed to explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of 5c inhibition on α-glucosidase. In vivo sucrose-loading test showed that 5c could suppress the rise of blood glucose levels after loading sucrose in normal Kunming mice. The cytotoxicity assay indicated that 5c exhibited low cytotoxicity.