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Anu V, Madan Kumar PD, Shivakumar M. Salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment - A prospective study. Indian J Dent Res 2019; 30:527-530. [PMID: 31745047 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_74_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human saliva has got many important functions like lubrication of the oral tissues, making oral functions like speech, mastication and deglutition possible and also protecting teeth and oral mucosal surfaces in different ways. Dental Caries is one of the common complications in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Subjects with impaired saliva flow rate often show high caries incidence. A low flow rate combined with a low or moderate buffer effect clearly indicates poor salivary resistance against microbial attack. Aim To investigate the changes in stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate, pH and buffer capacity in patients undergoing therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods Salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity of 20 patients who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment at Department of Orthodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai were examined using GC saliva check buffer kit. The procedure was carried out during the initiation of orthodontic treatment and subsequently, one month and six months after the placement of appliance. Results Results showed there was a significant increase in the salivary flow rate one month and six months after placement of fixed appliance while pH and buffering capacity showed no significant changes. Conclusion Salivary flow rate increases significantly during fixed orthodontic treatment. Salivary pH and buffering capacity showed no significant changes suggesting that they are not sole factors for demineralization in orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anu
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P D Madan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Shivakumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Cardoso AA, Lopes LM, Rodrigues LP, Teixeira JJ, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Influence of salivary parameters in the caries development in orthodontic patients-an observational clinical study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:540-550. [PMID: 28247450 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown during the orthodontic treatment, the prevalence of active caries lesions (ACL) in 30 to 70% of patients. AIM To evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on salivary properties considering caries development. DESIGN Twenty two individuals (11-22 years) were assessed regarding caries, oral hygiene, sugar exposure, salivary flow rate (SFR), buffering capacity, pH, carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) and amylase activity, at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months after the orthodontic appliances placement. Caries index was determined by Nyvad criteria. CA VI and amylase activities were performed by zymography and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Buffering capacity decreased after 3 months (P < 0.0001) and showed positive correlation with pH at baseline and after 1 month in individuals who did not develop active caries lesions. Amylase activity decreased after 1 and 6 months (P = 0.0003) and presented positive correlation with CA VI in patients who developed ACL. SFR increased after 1 month (P = 0.0283) and showed positive correlation with CA VI activity after 3 months in individuals who did not develop ACL. Salivary pH showed negative correlation with CA VI after 1 month in patients who did not develop ACL. ACL were firstly diagnosed after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that saliva of individuals under orthodontic treatment is subjected to changes in properties that have implications on the onset of ACL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia A Cardoso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lenita M Lopes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia P Rodrigues
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica J Teixeira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Brandão GAM, Pereira AC, Brandão AMM, de Almeida HA, Motta RRHL. Does the bracket composition material influence initial biofilm formation? Indian J Dent Res 2017; 26:148-51. [PMID: 26096107 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.159143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Orthodontic treatment has been reported to contribute to the development and accumulation of dental biofilm, which is commonly found on bracket and adjacent surfaces. AIMS The aim of this work is to test the hypothesis if there are differences in dental biofilm formation on the surface of orthodontic brackets according to the type of composition material. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three bracket types (metallic, composite, and ceramic) had been evaluated. Subjects wore acrylic palatal orthodontic appliances, containing 6 brackets each, for two 3-day cycles. On the end of first cycle, the amount of dental biofilm formed on the samples was extracted using 1.0-M NaOH and analyzed by spectrophotometry for quantification. An additional cycle was carried out to verify the dental biofilm formation using scanning electronic microscope analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference among the materials (metallic, ceramic and composite) concerning the dental biofilm absorbance spectrum. Multiple comparisons were made using the Tukey's test (α =0.05). RESULTS Composite brackets showed greater values concerning biofilm formation, when compared with the metallic and ceramic ones, both of which presented similar scores. The hypothesis is accepted. There are differences on the biofilm formation according to the type of material. CONCLUSIONS The in situ model tested was found to be effective in evaluating the accumulation and development of biofilm on orthodontic brackets. In the quantitative analysis, composite brackets showed greater biofilm adhesion values while metallic and ceramic presented similar biofilm absorbance spectrum.
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Maret D, Marchal-Sixou C, Vergnes JN, Hamel O, Georgelin-Gurgel M, Van Der Sluis L, Sixou M. Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on salivary microbial parameters at 6 months: a controlled observational study. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:38-43. [PMID: 24626247 PMCID: PMC3908763 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the microbial changes in children with fixed
orthodontic appliances compared with a control group of children without
orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods Ninety-five children, aged between 12 and 16 years, participated in this study.
Forty-eight subjects were fitted with fixed orthodontic appliances and forty-seven
were free of any such appliances. The follow-up was 6 months for all children. The
association between orthodontic appliances and high levels of
Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp
was assessed with logistic regression models, taking age, sex, pH and buffer
capacity into account. Results Differences at baseline between the two groups were not statistically significant.
We found that wearing a fixed orthodontic appliance was associated with high
levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
spp (adjusted OR: 6.65, 95% CI [1.98-22.37]; 9.49, 95% CI [2.57-35.07],
respectively), independently of other variables. Conclusion The originality of the present epidemiological study was to evaluate the evolution
of salivary microbial parameters in a population of children with fixed
orthodontic appliances. Our results show an increase of Streptococcus
mutans and Lactobacillus spp values during the
follow-up. The whole dental workforce should be aware that preventive measures are
of paramount importance during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Maret
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Toulouse, France, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Marchal-Sixou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Department of Orthodontics, Toulouse, France, Department of Orthodontics, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Laboratoire Universitaire LU 51: Maladies parodontales, déséquilibres systémiques et biomatériaux (MPDSB), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vergnes
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Department of Public Health, Toulouse, France, Department of Public Health, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Laboratoire Universitaire LU 51: Maladies parodontales, déséquilibres systémiques et biomatériaux (MPDSB), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Hamel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Department of Public Health, Toulouse, France, Department of Public Health, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Laboratoire Universitaire LU 51: Maladies parodontales, déséquilibres systémiques et biomatériaux (MPDSB), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Georgelin-Gurgel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Toulouse, France, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucas Van Der Sluis
- UMCG Groningen, Center of Dentistry and Oral Health, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontology, Groningen, Netherlands, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontology, Center of Dentistry and Oral Health, UMCG Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Sixou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Department of Public Health, Toulouse, France, Department of Public Health, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Laboratoire Universitaire LU 51: Maladies parodontales, déséquilibres systémiques et biomatériaux (MPDSB), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Peros K, Mestrovic S, Anic-Milosevic S, Rosin-Grget K, Slaj M. Antimicrobial effect of different brushing frequencies with fluoride toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species in children with fixed orthodontic appliances. Korean J Orthod 2012; 42:263-9. [PMID: 23173120 PMCID: PMC3495258 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.5.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different frequencies of brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. METHODS The study included 22 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy distributed between 2 groups with different hygiene regimes. All the subjects received identical braces, bands, and brackets bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained before placement of the appliance and at 6, 12, and 18 weeks during the therapy. Saliva samples were cultured on selective microbial agar for the detection of microorganisms. RESULTS Salivary mutans streptococci were significantly suppressed throughout the experimental period in the group that brushed 4 times a day as compared to the group that brushed twice a day. Salivary lactobacilli were not significantly affected by the frequency of brushing with 0.32% sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste. CONCLUSIONS The use of 0.32% NaF-containing toothpaste more than 3 times a day has effective antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci but not lactobacilli in the saliva of children with fixed orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Peros
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Peros K, Mestrovic S, Anic-Milosevic S, Slaj M. Salivary microbial and nonmicrobial parameters in children with fixed orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod 2011; 81:901-906. [PMID: 21534725 PMCID: PMC8916182 DOI: 10.2319/012111-44.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the physiologic changes of salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity and the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 23 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy. All subjects received equal braces, bands, and brackets, bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were taken before placement of the appliance, and at weeks 6, 12, and 18 during the therapy. Salivary flow rate and salivary pH were measured, and the salivary buffer capacity was determined. Saliva samples were cultivated on selective microbial agar for microorganism detection. RESULTS A significant (P < .05) increase in stimulated salivary flow rate and salivary pH was found. The salivary levels of S mutans and Lactobacillus spp also inscreased significantly (P < .05), and the major peak was at week 12 of fixed orthodontic therapy. CONCLUSION The 6th to 12th week of orthodontic therapy is the period of the most intensive intraoral growth of S mutans and Lactobacillus spp and a time of very intensive salivary functions and physiologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Peros
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bahije L, Benyahia H, El Hamzaoui S, Ebn Touhami M, Bengueddour R, Rerhrhaye W, Abdallaoui F, Zaoui F. Comportement du NiTi en présence des bactéries orales : corrosion par le Streptococcus mutans. Int Orthod 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bahije L, Benyahia H, El Hamzaoui S, Ebn Touhami M, Bengueddour R, Rerhrhaye W, Abdallaoui F, Zaoui F. Behavior of NiTi in the presence of oral bacteria: corrosion by Streptococcus mutans. Int Orthod 2011; 9:110-9. [PMID: 21269899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behavior of nickel titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires in a solution containing Streptococcus mutans oral bacteria. In this article, we explain our choice of bacterial species before describing the culture process in artificial saliva and the precautions needed to prevent contamination by other bacteria. The electrochemical behavior of the alloy (NiTi) was analyzed electrochemically in Ringer sterile artificial saliva and in artificial saliva enriched with a sterile broth and modified by addition of bacteria. The electrochemical procedures chosen for this study were: free corrosion potential, potentiodynamic curves and impedance spectroscopy. In this way, we were able to show that the free corrosion potential of the NiTi in the Ringer solution increases with time and then stabilizes, thus passivating the alloy. We also demonstrated that colonization of the metal surface by bacteria triggered a drop in the free corrosion potential. The electrochemical impedance findings revealed no significant difference in NiTi behavior between the two media. Finally, we observed a slight difference between the two corrosion currents in favor of the bacteria-enriched solution, in which the NiTi underwent greater corrosion. These findings demonstrate the impact of acidogenic bacteria on corrosion behavior of the NiTi wires investigated. However, further research is required, notably incorporating longer immersion times in the two media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Bahije
- Faculté de médecine dentaire de Rabat, université Mohamed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco.
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