1
|
Auzino B, Miranda G, Henry C, Krupova Z, Martini M, Salari F, Cosenza G, Ciampolini R, Martin P. Top-Down proteomics based on LC-MS combined with cDNA sequencing to characterize multiple proteoforms of Amiata donkey milk proteins. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
2
|
Luoyizha W, Zeng B, Li H, Liao X. A Preliminary Study of Proteomic Analysis on Caseins and Whey Proteins in Donkey Milk from Xinjiang and Shandong of China. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210222.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
3
|
Spada V, Ferranti P, Chianese L, Salimei E, Addeo F, Picariello G. Antibacterial potential of donkey's milk disclosed by untargeted proteomics. J Proteomics 2020; 231:104007. [PMID: 33038512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Donkey's milk (DM) has been extensively investigated as a valuable substitute of breast milk, often suitable to manage cow's milk protein allergy in infants. DM exhibits potent inhibitory properties against numerous microbial species. Although oligosaccharides and lipids might contribute to the antimicrobial potential, the current inventory of proteins is not able to justify the low count of microorganisms generally observed in DM. The shotgun proteomic analysis of fractionated DM disclosed a set of 94 gene products, 41% of which have documented antimicrobial activity or are involved in transferring the passive immunity to the donkey offspring. The concerted action of lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins provides the molecular basis for part of the DM antibacterial potential. The pH -4.6 insoluble fraction contained significant levels of L-amino acid oxidase, identified with 11 unique peptides matching the horse homologue gene product. This enzyme catalyses the oxidative deamination of amino acids into ketoacids, producing ammonia and H2O2. κ-casein, likely occurring as a fully O-glycosylated protein, may concur to inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms, along with other glycoproteins. Proteomics supports the alimentary use of DM not only as a substitute of human milk in early infancy, but also for growing children, convalescent, elderly people and general population. SIGNIFICANCE: Donkey's milk (DM) is acquiring increasing popularity because it is a suitable substitute of the human milk, when breastfeeding is not possible and infants suffer from cow's milk allergy. DM is characterized by a much lower microbial load compared to ruminants' milk. This feature has been traditionally attributed to the high content of lysozyme. DM exhibits potent activity against a broad range of bacteria, viruses and fungi, suggesting that other protein components can be responsible of the antimicrobial potential. The gel-free proteomic analysis of pH 4.6-insoluble and soluble (whey) fractions demonstrated that DM contains a large number of gene products involved in antimicrobial mechanisms and in transferring passive immunity to the donkey offspring. DM contains relatively high levels of L-amino acid oxidase that catalyses the oxidative deamination of amino acid substrates into ketoacids, with production of ammonia and H2O2. In combination with lysozyme, lactoferrin and immunoglobulins, the presence of L-amino acid oxidase provides the molecular basis of the antibacterial potential observed for DM. Considered the low microbial load, DM can be sanitated at mild conditions, thereby preserving many of the native nutritional traits. Thus, DM can be considered a safe and nutritionally valid alimentary resource for growing children, convalescent, elderly people and general population. Data of this study represent the largest inventory of proteins identified in Equidae milk, so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spada
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Chianese
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salimei
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente, Alimenti, Università del Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Addeo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
BHARDWAJ ANURADHA, PAL YASH, LEGHA RAMAVTAR, SHARMA PARVATI, NAYAN VARIJ, KUMAR SANJAY, TRIPATHI HEMA, TRIPATHI BN. Donkey milk composition and its therapeutic applications. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i6.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Milk contains plentiful nutrients. In Western countries, cow’s milk fat is supposed as a risk factor for health because it is a source of a high fraction of saturated fatty acids. There has been increasing attention in donkey’s milk. Donkeys’ milk is preferential as a potential new dietetic food and a good alternative for infant nutrition in the case of bovine milk protein allergy. The microbiota present in this food may be responsible for its beneficial effects. Considering the potential health benefits, an increase in utilization of donkeys’ milk is expected. The present review addresses various aspects of donkey milk with special emphasis on milk yield, composition, shelf life, antimicrobial, therapeutic and cosmetic properties.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kocic H, Stankovic M, Tirant M, Lotti T, Arsic I. Favorable effect of creams with skimmed donkey milk encapsulated in nanoliposomes on skin physiology. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13511. [PMID: 32372458 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of donkey milk has a long history in external dermal application for cosmetic and medical purposes. The encapsulation of different drugs into nanoliposomes and nutrients may have many benefits for the delivery of the targeted substance. The aim of the present study is to test creams with nanoliposomes encapsulated with skimmed donkey milk, reported in our registered patent, compared with effect of the placebo cream and the untreated skin. To investigate the effect of formulated cream, we have measured the electrical capacitance, transepidermal water loss and the skin pH value. The study included 15 healthy volunteers (11 women and 4 men). The patented creams exhibited satisfactory moisturizing properties very soon after application, while hydration was reached earlier in the spots treated with night cream. Transepidermal water loss slightly decreased only after 4 weeks of treatment in each of the spots assessed. The pH value was similar after each of the treatments. Tested creams may enhance the moisture of skin very soon after application, in this way potentially enable deeper permeation of phospholipids and essential proteins, without changing the pH. It may also contribute to additional anti-aging effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Kocic
- Clinic of Dermatology, Clinical Center Nis, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Milica Stankovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Torello Lotti
- Depatment of Dermatology, University of Rome "G.Marconi" Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Arsic
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taghiloo S, Allahmoradi E, Sadeghian-Kiadehi SF, Omrani-Nava V, Nazar E, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Up-regulation of human immune system function by Donkey’s Milk. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Allahmoradi
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Versa Omrani-Nava
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Eisa Nazar
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malacarne M, Criscione A, Franceschi P, Bordonaro S, Formaggioni P, Marletta D, Summer A. New Insights into Chemical and Mineral Composition of Donkey Milk throughout Nine Months of Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121161. [PMID: 31861194 PMCID: PMC6940851 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Donkey milk, because of its nutritional quality, is a more interesting product for the human diet. Moreover, due to its similarity to human milk, it is an optimal substitute for breast milk for babies. The aim of this study is to provide new insights on donkey milk production, which characterizes gross and mineral composition of Ragusano donkey breed milk. Compared to cow milk, donkey milk is characterized by a lower content of dry matter, high lactose amount, low protein, and a very low-fat content. In addition, the casein content is lower than cow’s milk. The most abundant macro element was K, followed by Ca, Na, and P. Most of the constituents are diminishing their content during lactation. In conclusion, the Ragusano breed showed a good aptitude for milk production. The composition of the milk confirmed its nutritional quality. Moreover, this research can have important positive impacts. The Ragusano breed has a long lactation and a high level of production that can ensure good income for farmers. Moreover, given its nutritional values, a larger consumption of donkey milk would be desirable and could promote the breeding of the donkey, which is an endangered species all over the world, as a profitable alternative for farmers. Abstract Donkey milk is increasingly being proposed as a natural alternative milk for various categories of consumers, especially infants and the elderly population. However, its potential production, gross, and mineral composition have not been deeply investigated yet. Sixty-two individual milk samples were collected monthly from nine Ragusano donkeys reared in a specialized dairy farm. Milk yield as well as chemical and mineral composition, including macro and micro elements, were investigated over an entire lactation, from the second to the ninth month of milking. Milk yield averaged 1.64 kg/day, which highlights good aptitude of the Ragusano breed for the production of milk. Gross composition was characterized by low content of dry matter (8.19%), a high amount of lactose (6.07%), low protein (1.34%), and very low-fat content (0.16%). Whey proteins represented 58% of the total protein, and proteose-peptones accounted for 0.35 ± 0.07 g per 100 g. Total ash content was 0.36 g per 100 g and represented 4.40% of the dry matter. The most abundant element was K, which was followed by Ca, Na, and P. As expected, the micro elements Fe, Zn, and Cu were found in low amounts or in traces. Dry matter, fat, whey proteins. The total ash, Ca, P, Mg, and mineral ratios were significantly affected by the lactation stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Malacarne
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (P.F.); (P.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Criscione
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, I-95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Piero Franceschi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (P.F.); (P.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, I-95131 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (D.M.); Tel.: +39-0954783489 (S.B.); +39-0954783477 (D.M.)
| | - Paolo Formaggioni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (P.F.); (P.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Donata Marletta
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, I-95131 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (D.M.); Tel.: +39-0954783489 (S.B.); +39-0954783477 (D.M.)
| | - Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, I-43126 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (P.F.); (P.F.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Casein composition and differential translational efficiency of casein transcripts in donkey's milk. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:201-207. [PMID: 31038088 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029919000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amount of the four caseins (αs1, αs2, β and κ-CN) in donkey milk was evaluated by Urea-PAGE analysis at pH 8.6, followed by immuno-detection with polyclonal antibodies, coupled to densitometric analysis. The results showed the percentage of each casein in decreasing order: β (54.28) > αs1 (35.59) > αs2 (7.19) > κ-CN (2.79). The mRNA quantification of donkey casein transcripts, carried out by RT-qPCR, showed that the average percentage of corresponding gene transcripts (CSN2, CSN1S1, CSN1S2 I and CSN3) was 70.85, 6.28, 14.23 and 8.65, respectively. The observed translation efficiency, assessed as percentage of single milk casein fraction out of single percentage of transcript, was 0.76, 5.66, 0.50 and 0.32, respectively. The analysis of the sequences flanking the start codon, the codon usage frequencies and the coding sequence length might explain, at least in part, the differential transcriptional and translational rate observed among the casein transcripts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Işık R. The Identification of Novel Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Equine Beta-Lactoglobulin and Lactotransferrin Genes. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 75:60-64. [PMID: 31002094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LTF), also called lactotransferrin, is an iron-binding protein and member of transferrin family, whereas β-LG is an important milk protein and belongs to the ligand-binding protein family of lipocalins and binds retinol. Beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) is a major whey protein and it is a member of lipocalins family. β-LG is also known as a major allergen reason of cow milk protein allergy. Yet, no information has been reported about β-LG and LTF genes in donkeys. In this study, the genetic variation of β-LG and LTF genes were analyzed via DNA sequencing in 77 donkeys, which were individuals reared in Thrace region of Turkey. Four novel SNPs are identified as g.12887G>A, g.12973G>A, g.12654G>A, and g.13057T>C in the third intron region of β-LG gene and a genetic variant g.272719G>A in the 14th intron of LTF gene. The DNA sequences of β-LG and LTF genes in donkeys are reported for the first time in this study and these sequences were deposited to NCBI GenBank database, with the accession number MK125015 and MK211165, respectively. These variations may have an effect on milk yield and content in donkeys, so further investigations are needed to prove this hypothesis and these may be candidate SNPs for donkey breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Işık
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang L, Lv J, Liu J, Hao X, Ren F, Guo H. Donkey milk lysozyme ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota composition. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
12
|
Aspri M, Leni G, Galaverna G, Papademas P. Bioactive properties of fermented donkey milk, before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 2018; 268:476-484. [PMID: 30064786 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous strains of lactic acid bacteria previously isolated from raw donkey milk samples were used to ferment donkey milk. Each sample was subjected to an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) and analysis of the digesta by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap XL was performed in order to obtain a comprehensive peptide profile of fermented donkey milk. Functional properties such as ACE-inhibitory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the resulting fermented donkey milks, as well as characterization of the bioactive peptides produced by an in vitro SGID, were assayed. All bioactivities were found to be high in fermented milk and a further significant increase was observed after SGID. The Enterococcus faecium DM33 fermented milk exhibited the strongest antioxidant and the highest antimicrobial activities. The highest ACE-inhibitory activity was observed in milk fermented with Lactobacillus casei DM214. These findings will contribute to the development of a new functional dairy drink with anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial and/or antioxidant activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aspri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Giulia Leni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Photis Papademas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Criscione A, Cunsolo V, Tumino S, Di Francesco A, Bordonaro S, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Marletta D. Polymorphism at donkey β-lactoglobulin II locus: identification and characterization of a new genetic variant with a very low expression. Amino Acids 2018; 50:735-746. [PMID: 29572574 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, donkey milk had evidenced a renewed interest as a potential functional food and a breast milk substitute. In this light, the study of the protein composition assumes an important role. In particular, β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), which is considered as one of the main allergenic milk protein, in donkey species consists of two molecular forms, namely β-LG I and β-LG II. In the present research, a genetic analysis coupled with a proteomic approach showed the presence of a new allele, here named F, which is apparently associated with a null or a severely reduced expression of β-LG II protein. The new β-LG II F genetic variant shows a theoretical average mass (Mav) of 18,310.64 Da, a value practically corresponding with that of the variant D (∆mass < 0.07 Da), but differs from β-LG II D for two amino acid substitutions: Thr100 (variant F) → Ala100 (variant D) and Thr118 (variant F) → Met118 (variant D). Proteomic investigation of the whey protein fraction of an individual milk sample, homozygous FF at β-LG II locus, allowed to identify, as very minor component, the new β-LG II F genetic variant. By MS/MS analysis of enzymatic digests, the sequence of the β-LG II F was characterized, and the predicted genomic data confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Criscione
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Serena Tumino
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Francesco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Animal Production Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kocić H, Stanković M, Arsić I. Nanoliposome Encapsulation with Donkey Milk Bioactive Proteins and Its Possible Application in Dermatology and Cosmetics. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Nanoliposomes represent natural or synthetic nanoparticles made of phospholipids, which may spontaneously aggregate in an aqueous medium. Their use in dermatology and for cosmetic purposes may offer facilitated delivery in skin via enhanced opening of the tight junctions between the epithelial cell monolayers. As far as their use in dermatology is concerned, both transdermal and local application may offer successful release profile. Donkey milk may have special therapeutic properties when used in cosmetology for skin treatment.
The aim of our study was to establish encapsulation efficacy of nanoliposome loaded with skimmed donkey milk and to explore the efficiency of encapsulation of different skimmed donkey milk concentrations in nanoliposomes.
In our experimental study, it was documented that 1%, 2% and 5% solutions of skimmed donkey milk were almost equally effectively encapsulated, more than 80% in 1% solution of nanoliposomes, while 10% solution of skimmed donkey milk was encapsulated more efficiently, with 88.9% in 1% of nanoliposome solution. Encapsulation can lead to greater efficiency by enabling the use of lower administration doses and preventing the corresponding side effects, which may be the result of higher doses. Skimmed donkey milk is a suitable encapsulation solution.
Collapse
|
15
|
Charfi I, Rezouga F, Makhlouf A, Bornaz S. The behaviour of Arabian donkey milk during acidification compared to bovine milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichrak Charfi
- Département de Génies Biologique et Agroalimentaire; Université Libre de Tunis; 30 Avenue Kheireddine Pacha 1002 Tunis Tunisia
- Département de Sciences et Technologies des Aliments; Ecole Supérieure des Industries Alimentaires de Tunis; 58 Avenue Alain Savary 1003 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Feriel Rezouga
- Département de Génies Biologique et Agroalimentaire; Université Libre de Tunis; 30 Avenue Kheireddine Pacha 1002 Tunis Tunisia
- Département de Sciences et Technologies des Aliments; Ecole Supérieure des Industries Alimentaires de Tunis; 58 Avenue Alain Savary 1003 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Anissa Makhlouf
- Laboratoire de Génie Industriel (LGI); Centrale Supélec; Grande Voie des Vignes; Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Salwa Bornaz
- Département de Sciences et Technologies des Aliments; Ecole Supérieure des Industries Alimentaires de Tunis; 58 Avenue Alain Savary 1003 Tunis Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Proteins and bioactive peptides from donkey milk: The molecular basis for its reduced allergenic properties. Food Res Int 2017; 99:41-57. [PMID: 28784499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The legendary therapeutics properties of donkey milk have recently been supported by many clinical trials who have clearly demonstrated that, even if with adequate lipid integration, it may represent a valid natural substitute of cow milk for feeding allergic children. During the last decade many investigations by MS-based methods have been performed in order to obtain a better knowledge of donkey milk proteins. The knowledge about the primary structure of donkey milk proteins now may provide the basis for a more accurate comprehension of its potential benefits for human nutrition. In this aspect, experimental data today available clearly demonstrate that donkey milk proteins (especially casein components) are more closely related with the human homologues rather than cow counterparts. Moreover, the low allergenic properties of donkey milk with respect to cow one seem to be related to the low total protein content, the low ratio of caseins to whey fraction, and finally to the presence in almost all bovine IgE-binding linear epitopes of multiple amino acid differences with respect to the corresponding regions of donkey milk counterparts.
Collapse
|
17
|
Thoh D, Pakdeechanuan P, Chanjula P. Effect of supplementary glycerin on milk composition and heat stability in dairy goats. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1711-1717. [PMID: 28728395 PMCID: PMC5666174 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective This experiment was studied the effects of various levels of crude glycerin (CG) in dairy goat diet on daily intake, milk yield, milk composition, some physical properties and some quality changes of goat milk after sterilization. Methods Twelve 75% Saanen dairy goats (body weight = 49±3 kg; days in milk = 60±12 d) were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of three experimental diets consisting of 0%, 5%, and 10% CG (dry matter basis) which were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements of goats. Experimental dairy goats were evaluated for feed and milk yield. Milk samples were analyzed for their composition, including fatty acids, casein profile, fat globule size, and color, and were sterilized to evaluate milk heat stability. Results There were no significant differences between 0% and 5% CG treatments infeed. Increasing CG supplementation from 0% to 5% increased milk yield from 2.38±0.12 to 2.64±0.23 kg/goat/d. In addition, milk samples from 5% CG treatment had the highest total solids, fat content and lactose content, and largest fat globule size. Increasing CG to 10% resulted in a decrease in milk fat. After sterilizing at 116°C, F0 = 3 min, goat milk samples from 5% CG treatment had slightly higher sediment content and comparatively higher degree of browning. Conclusion Considering milk yield, milk fat content and quality of sterilized milk, 5% CG supplementation in a total mixed ration has a potential for implementation in dairy goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deela Thoh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Pakdeechanuan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Pin Chanjula
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Polidori P, Beghelli D, Mariani P, Vincenzetti S. Donkey milk production: state of the art. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Polidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche e Biochimiche Comparate, Università di Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Almeida CC, Alvares TS, Costa MP, Conte-Junior CA. Protein and Amino Acid Profiles of Different Whey Protein Supplements. J Diet Suppl 2015; 13:313-23. [PMID: 26317267 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1036187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein (WP) supplements have received increasing attention by consumers due to the high nutritional value of the proteins and amino acids they provide. However, some WP supplements may not contain the disclosed amounts of the ingredients listed on the label, compromising the nutritional quality and the effectiveness of these supplements. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the contents of total protein (TP), α-lactalbumin (α-LA), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), free essential amino acids (free EAA), and free branched-chain amino acids (free BCAA), amongst different WP supplements produced by U.S. and Brazilian companies. Twenty commercial brands of WP supplements were selected, ten manufactured in U.S. (WP-USA) and ten in Brazil (WP-BRA). The TP was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method, while α-LA, β-LG, free EAA, and free BCAA were analyzed using HPLC system. There were higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of TP, α-LA, β-LG, and free BCAA in WP-USA supplements, as compared to the WP-BRA supplements; however, there was no difference (p > 0.05) in the content of free EAA between WP-USA and WP-BRA. Amongst the 20 brands evaluated, four WP-USA and seven WP-BRA had lower (p < 0.05) values of TP than those specified on the label. In conclusion, the WP-USA supplements exhibited better nutritional quality, evaluated by TP, α-LA, β-LG, and free BCAA when compared to WP-BRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristine C Almeida
- a Department of Food Technology , Fluminense Federal University , Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Alvares
- b Nutrition Institute , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marion P Costa
- a Department of Food Technology , Fluminense Federal University , Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- a Department of Food Technology , Fluminense Federal University , Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brumini D, Criscione A, Bordonaro S, Vegarud GE, Marletta D. Whey proteins and their antimicrobial properties in donkey milk: a brief review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Piovesana S, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, La Barbera G, Samperi R, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Laganà A. Peptidome characterization and bioactivity analysis of donkey milk. J Proteomics 2015; 119:21-9. [PMID: 25668324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Donkey milk is an interesting commercial product for its nutritional values, which make it the most suitable mammalian milk for human consumption, and for the bioactivity associated with it and derivative products. To further mine the characterization of donkey milk, an extensive peptidomic study was performed. Two peptide purification strategies were compared to remove native proteins and lipids and enrich the peptide fraction. In one case the whole protein content was precipitated by organic solvent using cold acetone. In the other one the precipitation of the most abundant milk proteins, caseins, was performed under acidic conditions by acetic acid at pH4.6, instead. The procedures were compared and proved to be partially complementary. Considered together they provided 1330 peptide identifications for donkey milk, mainly coming from the most abundant proteins in milk. The bioactivity of the isolated peptides was also investigated, both by angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity assays and by bioinformatics, proving that the isolated peptides did have the tested biological activities. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The rationale behind this study is that peptides in food matrices often play an important biological role and, despite the extensive study of the protein composition of different samples, they remain poorly characterized. In fact, in a typical shotgun proteomics study endogenous peptides are not properly characterized. In proteomics workflows one limiting point is the isolation process: if it is specific for the purification of proteins, it often comprises a precipitation step which aims at isolating pure protein pellets and remove unwonted interferent compounds. In this way endogenous peptides, which are not effectively precipitated as well as proteins, are removed too and not analyzed at the end of the process. Moreover, endogenous peptides do often originate from precursor proteins, but in phenomena which are independent of the shotgun digestion protocol, thus they can be obtained from cleavage specificities other than trypsin's, which is the main proteolytic enzyme employed in proteomic experiments. For this reason, in the end, database search will not be effective for identification of these peptides, thus the need to provide different workflows for peptide analysis. In the work presented in this paper this issue is considered for the first time for the analysis of the peptides isolated in donkey milk samples, which have been chosen for its nutritional interest. This study provides additional knowledge on this milk, already characterized by traditional proteomics studies and peptidomic studies after simulated digestion. This type of study is not just a description of the naturally occurring peptidome of a sample, but also represents a starting point to discover and characterize those naturally occurring peptides responsible for the observed bioactivities of biological samples, as in the case of donkey milk, which would remain uncharacterized by other approaches. In this paper an analytical protocol was described for the efficient isolation and purification of peptides in donkey milk, assessing the effect of the purification protocol on the final identifications. Purified peptide samples were also checked to empirically elucidate any ACE inhibitory or antioxidant activity. Finally, the peptidomic results were also further mined by a bioinformatic-driven approach for bioactive peptide identification in the donkey milk samples. In our opinion, the main strengths of this study are related to the improved analytical workflow (either as purification protocol comparison or analytical platform development) which provides a high number of identified peptides, for which the biological significance as potential bioactive peptides has also been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zakari FO, Ayo JO, Rekwot PI, Kawu MU. Effect of age, sex, physical activity and meteorological factors on haematological parameters of donkeys ( Equus asinus). COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 25:1265-1272. [PMID: 27818622 PMCID: PMC5069348 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-2026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The review examines the role of blood in homeostasis, diagnosis and treatment of disease as influenced by meteorological stress factors, age, sex and physical activity of the donkeys. Haematological parameters play a crucial role in clinical diagnosis of infectious and parasitic diseases, in assessing the responses of donkeys to treatment and in prevention of diseases. The changes in blood values are important in evaluating the responses of the animals to various physiologic conditions. In conclusion, haematological values of donkeys are largely influenced by age, sex, physical factors of the environment and physical activity, and consideration of the factors will aid accurate diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of equine diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friday Ocheja Zakari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Peter Ibrahim Rekwot
- National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1096, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Umar Kawu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cunsolo V, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Foti S. Mass spectrometry in food proteomics: a tutorial. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:768-784. [PMID: 25230173 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the continuous and rapid evolution of proteomic approaches has provided an efficient platform for the characterization of food-derived proteins. Particularly, the impressive increasing in performance and versatility of the MS instrumentation has contributed to the development of new analytical strategies for proteins, evidencing how MS arguably represents an indispensable tool in food proteomics. Investigation of protein composition in foodstuffs is helpful for understanding the relationship between the protein content and the nutritional and technological properties of foods, the production of methods for food traceability, the assessment of food quality and safety, including the detection of allergens and microbial contaminants in foods, or even the characterization of genetically modified products. Given the high variety of the food-derived proteins and considering their differences in chemical and physical properties, a single proteomic strategy for all purposes does not exist. Rather, proteomic approaches need to be adapted to each analytical problem, and development of new strategies is necessary in order to obtain always the best results. In this tutorial, the most relevant aspects of MS-based methodologies in food proteomics will be examined, and their advantages and drawbacks will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Šarić LĆ, Šarić BM, Mandić AI, Kevrešan ŽS, Ikonić BB, Kravić SŽ, Jambrec DJ. Role of calcium content in antibacterial activity of donkeys’ milk toward E. coli. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
27
|
Tidona F, Criscione A, Devold TG, Bordonaro S, Marletta D, Vegarud GE. Protein composition and micelle size of donkey milk with different protein patterns: Effects on digestibility. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Peng S, Yang Y, Li S, Wu Q, Shah NP, Wei H, Xu F. Immunomodulatory activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZDY114 and donkey milk in BALB/c mice. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Uniacke-Lowe T, Chevalier F, Hem S, Fox PF, Mulvihill DM. Proteomic comparison of equine and bovine milks on renneting. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2839-2850. [PMID: 23414207 DOI: 10.1021/jf3045846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rennet-induced coagulation of bovine milk is a complex mechanism in which chymosin specifically hydrolyzes κ-casein, the protein responsible for the stability of the casein micelle. In equine milk, this mechanism is still unclear, and the protein targets of chymosin are unknown. To reveal the proteins involved, the rennetability of equine milk by calf chymosin was examined using gel-free and gel-based proteomic analysis and compared to bovine milk. RP-HPLC analysis of bovine and equine milks showed the release of several peptides following chymosin incubation. The hydrolyses of equine and bovine casein by chymosin were different, and the major peptides produced from equine milk were identified by mass spectrometry as fragments of β-casein. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, equine β-casein was confirmed as the main target of calf chymosin over 24 h at 30 °C and pH 6.5. The gel-based analysis of equine milk discriminated between the different individual proteins and provided information on the range of isoforms of each protein as a result of post-translational modifications, as well as positively identified for the first time several isoforms of κ-casein. In comparison to bovine milk, κ-casein isoforms in equine milk were not involved in chymosin-induced coagulation. The intensity of equine β-casein spots decreased following chymosin addition, but at a slower rate than bovine κ-casein.
Collapse
|
31
|
Brumini D, Furlund CB, Comi I, Devold TG, Marletta D, Vegarud GE, Jonassen CM. Antiviral activity of donkey milk protein fractions on echovirus type 5. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Cunsolo V, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Foti S. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the monitoring of she-donkey's milk contamination or adulteration. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:148-153. [PMID: 23378086 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Donkey's milk (DM), representing a safe and alternative food in both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy, can be categorized as precious pharma-food. Moreover, an economically relevant interest for the use of DM in cosmetology is also developing. The detection of adulterations and contaminations of DM is a matter of fundamental importance from both an economic and allergenic standpoint, and, to this aim, fast and efficient analytical approaches to assess the authenticity of this precious nutrient are desirable. Here, a rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method aimed to the detection of bovine or caprine milk in raw DM is reported. The presence of the extraneous milks was revealed by monitoring the protein profiles of the most abundant whey proteins, α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin, used as molecular markers. The possibility of obtaining a quantitative analysis of the level of cow or goat milk in DM based on the MALDI-TOF peak areas of α-LAs was also explored. The results showed that the experimental quantitative values were in good agreement with the real composition of each mixture. As pretreatment of the milk samples is not required, and owing to the speed and the high sensitivity of MALDI-MS, the protocol here reported could represent a reliable method for routine analyses aimed to assess the absence of contamination in raw fresh DM samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cosentino C, Paolino R, Freschi P, Calluso A. Short communication: Jenny milk production and qualitative characteristics. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2910-5. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Bidasolo IB, Ramos M, Gomez-Ruiz JA. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of donkeys’ milk. Peptide characterization by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
36
|
Roncada P, Piras C, Soggiu A, Turk R, Urbani A, Bonizzi L. Farm animal milk proteomics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4259-74. [PMID: 22641156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Milk is one of the most important nutrients for humans during lifetime. Farm animal milk in all its products like cheese and other fermentation and transformation products is a widespread nutrient for the entire life of humans. Proteins are key molecules of the milk functional component repertoire and their investigation represents a major challenge. Proteins in milk, such as caseins, contribute to the formation of micelles that are different from species to species in dimension and casein-type composition; they are an integral part of the MFGM (Milk Fat Globule Membrane) that has being exhaustively studied in recent years. Milk proteins can act as enzymes or have an antimicrobial activity; they could act as hormones and, last but not least, they have a latent physiological activity encoded in their primary structure that turns active when the protein is cleaved by fermentation or digestion processes. In this review we report the last progress in proteomics, peptidomics and bioinformatics. These new approaches allow us to better characterize the milk proteome of farm animal species, to highlight specific PTMs, the peptidomic profile and even to predict the potential nutraceutical properties of the analyzed proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Roncada
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano L. Spallanzani, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Size exclusion and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/UV for routine control of thermal processing of cows' and donkey milk major proteins. J DAIRY RES 2012; 79:224-31. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029912000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cows' and donkey milks (raw and thermally processed) and respective whey were analysed for quantification of major proteins. Two different chromatographic approaches, size exclusion (SE-HPLC) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) both coupled to UV detection were used. Usefulness of these methods for routine control of the effect of thermal processing was evaluated. The external standard method was used to calibrate the SE-HPLC and RP-HPLC systems. Concerning quantification of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), α-lactalbumin (α-la), lysozyme (lys), and total casein (cn), no significant differences between results obtained by SE-HPLC and by RP-HPLC (t-test, P>0·05) were observed for raw milks and whey. Heating of cows' milk promoted aggregation of denatured proteins as observed by SE-HPLC, whereas α-la and β-lg from donkey milk were stable to thermal processing at 100°C (5 min). Lys was quantified in donkey raw milk and whey however, in thermally processed donkey milk lys was denatured and could not be quantified by HPLC.
Collapse
|
38
|
Cunsolo V, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Foti S. Review: applications of mass spectrometry techniques in the investigation of milk proteome. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2011; 17:305-320. [PMID: 22006633 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of "soft" desorption/ionization methods such as electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization has determined a breakthrough in the application of mass spectrometry to the structural analysis of proteins. The contemporary advancement of bioinformatics, together with the possibility to combine these mass spectrometric methods with electrophoretic or chromatographic separation techniques has opened up the new field of proteome analysis and, more generally, has established these approaches as indispensable tools for protein and peptide analysis in complex mixtures, such as milk and milk- derived foods. Here, a necessarily not exhaustive series of current applications of mass spectrometry-based techniques for the characterization of milk proteins will be summarized. These include the characterization of milk protein polymorphism, determination of the structural modifications induced on milk proteins by industrial processes, investigation of milk adulterations and characterization of milk allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chianese L, Calabrese MG, Ferranti P, Mauriello R, Garro G, De Simone C, Quarto M, Addeo F, Cosenza G, Ramunno L. Proteomic characterization of donkey milk “caseome”. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4834-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
40
|
La Torre GL, Saitta M, Giorgia Potortì A, Di Bella G, Dugo G. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for sensitive determination of bioactive amines in donkey milk. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5215-24. [PMID: 20598311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we report on the optimization and validation of a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) method for the determination of 8 bioactive amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in donkey milk samples. The method involves donkey milk pre-treatment to remove proteins and pre-column dansylation of the amines. HPLC in reversed phase mode has been used for bioactive amines separation and the operating condition of the APCI-MS system proved to be powerful and very efficient for peak assignment. The separation was accomplished in a short time with an excellent resolution for all the amine peaks. Quantification was carried out by monitoring the characteristic [M+H](+) ion of each amine derivative. The method sensitivity, linearity and repeatability were assayed with satisfactory results. The detection limits of the analysed amines ranged from 0.5 microg L(-1) to 15 microg L(-1); the highest LOD was for spermine. Also remarkably good recovery values were obtained; at the lowest spiking level (1 microg L(-1)) the percent mean recoveries ranged from 77.7 to 109.7. Furthermore, as the investigations relate to a complex matrix as donkey milk, suitable studies on matrix effect were performed. Finally, the developed and validated method was applied to analyse 13 donkey milk samples. Among the identified bioactive amines, putrescine, spermine and spermidine proved to be the main amines in donkey milk. Their concentration levels in the present study were lower than the values determined in mature human, cow and sow milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Loredana La Torre
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente Prof. Guglielmo Stagno d'Alcontres, Facoltà di Scienze MM. FF. NN., Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mao X, Gu J, Sun Y, Xu S, Zhang X, Yang H, Ren F. Anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effect of active components in donkey milk on A549 human lung cancer cells. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|