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Li X, Siviroj P, Ruangsuriya J, Phanpong C, Sirikul W, Ongprasert K. Comparison of Effects of Storage at Different Temperatures in a Refrigerator, Upright Freezer on Top of Refrigerator, and Deep Freezer on the Immunoglobulin A Concentration and Lysozyme Activity of Human Milk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13203. [PMID: 36293784 PMCID: PMC9602642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of storing expressed human milk (HM) at different domestic storage temperatures on the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration and lysozyme activity. Forty mothers of full-term infants aged one to six months provided milk samples. The fresh samples were examined within 24 h of expression, and the other samples were stored in a refrigerator for four days or in two types of freezers for six months. The SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity in the milk samples were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and fluorometric lysozyme activity assay kits, respectively. The pairwise comparisons of the SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity were carried out using one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett T3 or Kruskal-Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction, depending on the data distribution. The mean temperatures of the refrigerator, upright freezer on top of the refrigerator, and deep freezer (chest freezer) were 2.0, -16.7, and -22.3 °C, respectively. Our study results highlight that the SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity of HM stored in the refrigerator for four days and in freezers for six months were significantly lower than those of fresh HM (p < 0.001). During the first six months of storage in both types of freezers, the SIgA levels were stable, whereas the lysozyme activity significantly decreased (p < 0.001). HM stored in the deep freezer had a higher SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity than HM stored in the upright freezer on top of the refrigerator. Our data support the superiority of fresh human milk over stored HM. If HM is to be stored, then storage in a deep freezer is potentially a more effective method for the preservation of SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity than storage by refrigeration for four days or in an upright freezer on top of a refrigerator for six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jetsada Ruangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krongporn Ongprasert
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Dos Santos VJ, Baqueta MR, Março PH, Valderrama P, Visentainer JV. Proof-of-concept on the effect of human milk storage time: Lipid degradation and spectroscopic characterization using portable near-infrared spectrometer and chemometrics. Food Chem 2022; 368:130675. [PMID: 34419795 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) modifications over time represent an important issue. This work proposed to evaluate the changes in HM during one-year storage through total lipids (TL) degradation and portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer combined with chemometrics. Colostrum, transition, and mature stages were obtained from donors and considered in the raw and pasteurized forms. Principal component analysis in TL content showed changes in the mature stages for both forms after 75 days. Multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares in NIR spectral data reveals a decrease in protein and triacylglycerol contents while an increase in free fatty acids (palmitic acid) contents were observed through the storage after around 5-6 months. Therefore, more than 5-6 months of storage suggest possible biochemical changes in the HM nutritional composition. Moreover, the chemometrics investigation was crucial in extracting information, bringing coherent results, and helping to understand the chemical changes in human milk during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Rocha Baqueta
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), 87301-899 Campo Mourão-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Março
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), 87301-899 Campo Mourão-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Valderrama
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), 87301-899 Campo Mourão-Paraná, Brazil.
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Phospholipid composition and fat globule structure change during low temperature storage of human milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fogleman AD, Meng T, Osborne J, Perrin MT, Jones F, Allen JC. Storage of Unfed and Leftover Mothers' Own Milk. Breastfeed Med 2018; 13:42-49. [PMID: 29235902 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the bacteriological and immunological properties of freshly expressed, previously frozen, and leftover mothers' own milk during storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first of two pilot studies, 12 mother-infant dyads participated. The milk studied included freshly expressed unfed and freshly expressed leftover milk. Milk samples were stored at 24°C, 4°C, or -20°C. In the second pilot study, 11 mother-infant dyads participated. The milk studied included milk that had been previously frozen, including previously frozen leftover milk. Milk samples were stored at 24°C and 4°C. After storage in both studies, the milk was analyzed for bacteriological and immunological properties. RESULTS Bacteriological and immunological characteristics of freshly expressed unfed and freshly expressed leftover milk and previously frozen unfed and previously frozen leftover milk remained stable during storage at 4°C for at least 6 days. The quality of all groups of mothers' milk declined when stored at 24°C for longer than 3 hours. CONCLUSIONS While this study provides evidence that human milk might be safe at longer storage times, storage guidelines should not be revised until more research is performed. This study serves as a call to action for more research on the topic of human milk storage, specifically leftover human milk. The study provides information to inform future study designs on the topic of unpasteurized human milk storage. More research is needed regarding leftover human milk storage with a greater number of participants, determination of the quality of human milk, and the storage of human milk in a real-life setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- April D Fogleman
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ting Meng
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jason Osborne
- 2 Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Maryanne T Perrin
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,3 Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Frances Jones
- 4 Lactation Service & Provincial Milk Bank, BC Women's Hospital , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Allen
- 1 Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
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The influence of breast milk and infant formulae hydrolysates on bacterial adhesion and Caco-2 cells functioning. Food Res Int 2016; 89:679-688. [PMID: 28460966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of BCM7 in human milk and infant formulae (IF) before and after eznymatic hydrolysis, and to evaluate the effect of obtained hydrolysates on interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion and on proliferation of enterocytes in the in vitro model (Caco-2 cells). This study evaluates also the effect of hydrolysates on the adhesion of intestinal microbiota isolated from faeces of both healthy (H) and allergic (A) infants. In the study we investigated breast milk delivered by mothers of healthy ('healthy milk'; HM) and allergic ('allergic milk'; AM) infants. Three infant formulae were investigated: from hydrolysed cow casein (IF1), from hydrolysed cow whey (IF2) and from whole cow milk (IF3). Intestinal bacteria: Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium and Enterococcus were isolated from faeces of five healthy and five allergic infants. Mixtures of bacterial isolates and bacteria adhering to Caco-2 cells were characterised qualitatively with PCR-DGGE, and quantitavely with FISH. Concentration of BCM7 in breast milk and infant formulae was 1.6 to 8.9 times higher after enzymatic hydrolysis in comparison to undigested samples. The presence of this peptide resulted in alteration of intestinal epithelial proliferation and increase in secretion of IL-8. The quantitative profile of adherred bacteria applied as a mix of all isolates from healthy infants (H-MIX) was unchanged in the presence of HM hydrolysate and was modulated (increased number of beneficial Bifidobacterium and reduced commensal Enterobacteriaceae) in the presence of all IF hydrolysates. The presence of IF hydrolysates affected the profile of adhering isolates obtained from allergic infants (A-MIX) and reduced the adhesion of Enterobacteriaceae; the IF2 and IF3 hydrolysates decreased also the total number of adhering bacteria (TBN). However, a stimulating effect of AM hydrolysate on A-MIX adhesion (increased TBN) was observed.
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Long time storage (archiving) of peptide, protein and tryptic digest samples on disposable nano-coated polymer targets for MALDI MS. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lambri M, Dordoni R, Giribaldi M, Riva Violetta M, Giuffrida MG. Effect of pH on the protein profile and heat stability of an Italian white wine. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Giribaldi M, Ortoffi MF, Giuffrida MG, Gastaldi D, Peila C, Coscia A, Raia M, Arslanoglu S, Moro GE, Cavallarin L, Bertino E. Effect of prolonged refrigeration on the protein and microbial profile of human milk. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Longitudinal analysis of protein glycosylation and β-casein phosphorylation in term and preterm human milk during the first 2 months of lactation. Br J Nutr 2012. [PMID: 23182305 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human milk proteins provide term and preterm infants with both nutrition and protection. The objective of the present study was to examine longitudinal changes in the protein composition of term and preterm milk during the first 2 months of lactation, focusing on protein phosphorylation and glycosylation. Using gel electrophoresis, the relative concentration and glycosylation status of lactoferrin, secretory Ig A, β-casein, α-lactalbumin, serum albumin, bile salt-stimulated lipase, xanthine oxidoreductase, tenascin and macrophage mannose receptor 1 were measured in milk collected on days 7, 10, 14, 18, 21, 28 and 60 postpartum from preterm mothers (28-32 weeks gestation, n 17). The phosphorylation status of β-casein was also investigated. To determine if these variables differ in term and preterm milk, samples from term mothers (38-41 weeks gestation, n 8) collected on days 7, 14 and 30 of lactation were also analysed. The concentration of the abundant milk proteins decreased during lactation in term and preterm milk (P <0·05). No difference in protein glycosylation was observed, except for the glycoproteins serum albumin and tenascin. The phosphorylation of β-casein varied significantly between term and preterm milk. Further investigation is required to determine whether these modifications affect protein function and are clinically important to preterm infants.
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Molinari CE, Casadio YS, Hartmann BT, Livk A, Bringans S, Arthur PG, Hartmann PE. Proteome Mapping of Human Skim Milk Proteins in Term and Preterm Milk. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1696-714. [DOI: 10.1021/pr2008797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Molinari
- School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Ylenia S. Casadio
- School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T. Hartmann
- Perron Rotary Express Milk Bank
(PREM Bank) Neonatal Paediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, 6008, Australia
| | - Andreja Livk
- Proteomics International, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Scott Bringans
- Proteomics International, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Peter E. Hartmann
- School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
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