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Brunelli L, De Vitis V, Ferrari R, Minuzzo M, Fiore W, Jäger R, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S. In vitro assessment of the probiotic properties of an industrial preparation containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in the context of athlete health. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857987. [PMID: 36016576 PMCID: PMC9397523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense physical activity is often associated with undesirable physiological changes, including increased inflammation, transient immunodepression, increased susceptibility to infections, altered intestinal barrier integrity, and increased oxidative stress. Several trials suggested that probiotics supplementation may have beneficial effects on sport-associated gastro-intestinal and immune disorders. Recently, in a placebo-controlled human trial, the AminoAlta™ probiotic formulation (AApf) was demonstrated to increase the absorption of amino acids from pea protein, suggesting that the administration of AApf could overcome the compositional limitations of plant proteins. In this study, human cell line models were used to assess in vitro the potential capacity of AApf to protect from the physiological damages that an intense physical activity may cause. The obtained results revealed that the bacteria in the AApf have the ability to adhere to differentiated Caco-2 epithelial cell layer. In addition, the AApf was shown to reduce the activation of NF-κB in Caco-2 cells under inflammatory stimulation. Notably, this anti-inflammatory activity was enhanced in the presence of partially hydrolyzed plant proteins. The AApf also triggered the expression of cytokines by the THP-1 macrophage model in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was higher than that of the regulatory cytokine IL-10, resembling a cytokine profile characteristic of M1 phenotype, which typically intervene in counteracting bacterial and viral infections. Finally, AApf was shown to reduce transepithelial permeability and increase superoxide dismutase activity in the Caco-2 cell model. In conclusion, this study suggests that the AApf may potentially provide a spectrum of benefits useful to dampen the gastro-intestinal and immune detrimental consequences of an intense physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI, United States
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simone Guglielmetti,
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2
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Cruz-Casas DE, Aguilar CN, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Chávez-González ML, Flores-Gallegos AC. Enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation: The most favorable biotechnological methods for the release of bioactive peptides. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 3:100047. [PMID: 35415659 PMCID: PMC8991988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptide release methods influence its bioactivity by generating different sequences. The absorption, toxicity and taste of peptides is influenced by the production method. The most used methods are enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. The most used methods are biotechnological and differ in their process.
Bioactive peptides are biomolecules derived from proteins. They contain anywhere from 2 to 20 amino acids and have different bioactivities. For example, they have antihypertensive activity, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, etc. However, bioactive peptides are encrypted and inactive in the parental protein, so it is necessary to release them to show their bioactivity. For this, there are different methods, where biotechnological methods are highly favorable, highlighting enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. The choice of the method to be used depends on different factors, which is why it is essential to know about the process, its principle, and its advantages and disadvantages. The process of peptide release is critical to generate various peptide sequences, which will produce different biological effects in the hydrolysate. This review focuses on providing extensive information on the enzymatic method and microbial fermentation to facilitate selecting the method that provides the most benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Elisa Cruz-Casas
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan A Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mónica L Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Adriana C Flores-Gallegos
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza e Ing, José Cárdenas Valdés s/n Col, República, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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3
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Zago M, Massimiliano L, Bonvini B, Penna G, Giraffa G, Rescigno M. Functional characterization and immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from Italian hard cheeses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245903. [PMID: 33493208 PMCID: PMC7833162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus helveticus carries many properties such as the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit, modulate the host immune response, accumulate biopeptides in milk, and adhere to the epithelial cells that could contribute to improving host health. In this study, the applicability as functional cultures of four L. helveticus strains isolated from Italian hard cheeses was investigated. A preliminary strain characterization showed that the ability to produce folate was generally low while antioxidant, proteolytic, peptidase, and β-galactosidase activities resulted high, although very variable, between strains. When stimulated moDCs were incubated in the presence of live cells, a dose-dependent release of both the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p70 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, was shown for all the four strains. In the presence of cell-free culture supernatants (postbiotics), a dose-dependent, decrease of IL-12p70 and an increase of IL-10 was generally observed. The immunomodulatory effect took place also in Caciotta-like cheese made with strains SIM12 and SIS16 as bifunctional (i.e., immunomodulant and acidifying) starter cultures, thus confirming tests in culture media. Given that the growth of bacteria in the cheese was not necessary (they were killed by pasteurization), the results indicated that some constituents of non-viable bacteria had immunomodulatory properties. This study adds additional evidence for the positive role of L. helveticus on human health and suggests cheese as a suitable food for delivering candidate strains and modulating their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zago
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA-ZA), Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucia Massimiliano
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bonvini
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA-ZA), Lodi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- Mucosal Immunology and Microbiota Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Giorgio Giraffa
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA-ZA), Lodi, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Mucosal Immunology and Microbiota Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Mi), Italy
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4
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Kaur A, Kehinde BA, Sharma P, Sharma D, Kaur S. Recently isolated food-derived antihypertensive hydrolysates and peptides: A review. Food Chem 2020; 346:128719. [PMID: 33339686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a non-communicable disease characterized by elevated blood pressure, and a prominent metabolic syndrome of modern age. Food-borne bioactive peptides have shown considerable potencies as suitable therapeutic agents for hypertension. The peptide inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) from its default biochemical conversion of Ang I to Ang II has been studied and more relatively adopted in several studies. This review offers an examination of the isolation of concomitant proteins in foods, their hydrolysis into peptides and the biofunctionality checks of those peptides based on their anti-hypertensive potentialities. Furthermore, critical but concise details about methodologies and analytical techniques used in the purification of such peptides are discussed. This review is a beneficial literature supplement for scholars and provides functional awareness material for the food-aligned alternative therapy for hypertension. In addition, it points researchers in the direction of adopting food materials and associated by-products as natural sources for the isolation biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | | | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepansh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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5
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Ji D, Ma J, Xu M, Agyei D. Cell-envelope proteinases from lactic acid bacteria: Biochemical features and biotechnological applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:369-400. [PMID: 33443792 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteins displayed on the cell surface of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) perform diverse and important biochemical roles. Among these, the cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs) are one of the most widely studied and most exploited for biotechnological applications. CEPs are important players in the proteolytic system of LAB, because they are required by LAB to degrade proteins in the growth media into peptides and/or amino acids required for the nitrogen nutrition of LAB. The most important area of application of CEPs is therefore in protein hydrolysis, especially in dairy products. Also, the physical location of CEPs (i.e., being cell-envelope anchored) allows for relatively easy downstream processing (e.g., extraction) of CEPs. This review describes the biochemical features and organization of CEPs and how this fits them for the purpose of protein hydrolysis. It begins with a focus on the genetic organization and expression of CEPs. The catalytic behavior and cleavage specificities of CEPs from various LAB are also discussed. Following this, the extraction and purification of most CEPs reported to date is described. The industrial applications of CEPs in food technology, health promotion, as well as in the growing area of water purification are discussed. Techniques for improving the production and catalytic efficiency of CEPs are also given an important place in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ji
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jingying Ma
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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6
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Effect of Peptides from Alaska Pollock on Intestinal Mucosal Immunity Function and Purification of Active Fragments. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102517. [PMID: 31635335 PMCID: PMC6835260 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier plays an important role in systemic immune functions. This study aimed to find the mechanism of peptide from Alaska Pollock (APP) on intestinal mucosal immunity in mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Cy-induced decreases of body weight and index of immune organ were significantly improved by APP as compared with Cy group (p < 0.05). APP could promote the secretion of SIgA and IgA on intestinal mucosa (p < 0.05) and mainly had an impact on the final differentiation of IgA+ B cell, thereby promoting the secretion of plasma cells, which can be corroborated by the increases of IL-6 and IL-10 (p < 0.05). APP with high immune activity was separated and two peptides were purified and identified as Gly–Val–Ile–Lys and Ala–Cys–Asn–Gly–Arg. Therefore, APP can be considered as beneficial ingredients to protect the intestinal barrier disruption induced by Cy.
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7
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Venegas-Ortega MG, Flores-Gallegos AC, Martínez-Hernández JL, Aguilar CN, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Production of Bioactive Peptides from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Sustainable Approach for Healthier Foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1039-1051. [PMID: 33336997 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditional fermented foods where lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are present have been associated with beneficial effects on human health, and some of those benefits are related to protein-derived products. Peptides produced by LAB have attracted the interest of food industries because of their diverse applications. These peptides include ribosomally produced (bacteriocins) and protein hydrolysates by-products (bioactive peptides), which can participate as natural preservatives and nutraceuticals, respectively. It is essential to understand the biochemical pathways and the effect of growth conditions for the production of bioactive peptides and bacteriocins by LAB, in order to suggest strategies for optimization. LAB is an important food-grade expression system that can be used in the simultaneous production of peptide-based products for the food, animal, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This review describes the multifunctional proteinaceous compounds generated by LAB metabolism and discusses a strategy to use a single-step production process, using an alternative protein-based media. This strategy will provide economic advantages in fermentation processes and will also provide an environmental alternative to industrial waste valorization. New technologies that can be used to improve production and bioactivity of LAB-derived peptides are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Venegas-Ortega
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, Dept. of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Univ. Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Mexico
| | - Adriana C Flores-Gallegos
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, Dept. of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Univ. Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Mexico
| | - José L Martínez-Hernández
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, Dept. of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Univ. Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, Dept. of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Univ. Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe V Nevárez-Moorillón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Univ. Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II, Chihuahua, 31125, Mexico
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Cao H, Cao J, Zhang Y, Ye T, Song Yu J, Yuan M, Xu F, Zheng W, Zuo X. Continuous preparation and characterization of immunomodulatory peptides from type II collagen by a novel immobilized enzyme membrane reactor with improved performance. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12862. [PMID: 31353698 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method of continuous coupling of immobilized enzymatic hydrolysis reactor and membrane separation (CIEH-MS) was used to isolate the immunomodulatory peptides from type II collagen (CII) in chick sternal cartilage. The immobilized neutral protease was successfully prepared with an activity of 400.5 U/g. The CIEH-MS system loaded with immobilized neutral protease had high operational stability with enzyme decay constant of 0.0077 and half-life of 89.61 hr. Using a CIEH-MS system, the immunomodulatory peptides were obtained with lymphocyte proliferation of 66.23%, peptide yield of 23.43%, degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 22.41%, and permeate flux of 6.17 L/m2 h. The peptide fractions were further purified and the P3-2-4 fraction (RGQLGPM) with 760.4 Da molecular weights exhibited the highest lymphocyte proliferation activity (85.54%) and binding ability to human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 (HLA-DRB1) molecules (133.2 ng/ml). The results demonstrated that CIEH-MS system is an effective way to obtain immunomodulatory peptides from CII. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chick sternal cartilage is one of the by-products of meat processing, and it is often discarded as waste or used for low-value purposes. CII is the most abundant collagen in chick sternal cartilage, and recently studies have demonstrated that CII peptides possess the ability to induce immunologic tolerance for the treatment of chronic disease. In order to find potential applications for this by-product, immunomodulatory peptides from CII hydrolysates in chick sternal cartilage were isolated using a novel CIEH-MS system. The result showed that CII peptides exhibited a high immunomodulatory activity, and had a potential application in functional foods and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jifang Cao
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tai Ye
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jin Song Yu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Yuan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Institute of Animal husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumq, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojia Zuo
- Institute of Animal husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumq, P.R. China
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9
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Maestri E, Pavlicevic M, Montorsi M, Marmiroli N. Meta-Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:3-30. [PMID: 33337011 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and opioid) and stability in vivo. Food sources, such as milk, meat, eggs, and marine products, show different frequencies of bioactive peptides exhibiting specific effects. There is a correlation of peptide structure and effect, depending on type and position of AA. Opioid peptides contain a high percentage of aromatic AA residues, while antimicrobial peptides show an excess of positively charged AAs. AA residue position is significant, with those in the first and penultimate positions having the biggest effects on peptide activity. Peptides that have activity in vivo contain a high percentage (67%) of proline residues, but the positions of proline in the sequence depend on the length of the peptide. We also discuss the influence of processing on activity of these peptides, as well as methods for predicting release from the source protein and activity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maestri
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Milica Pavlicevic
- Inst. for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michela Montorsi
- Dept. of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open Univ., Via F. Daverio 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy.,Inst. of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy
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Anti-Hypertensive Peptides Derived from Caseins: Mechanism of Physiological Action, Production Bioprocesses, and Challenges for Food Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:884-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Toopcham T, Mes JJ, Wichers HJ, Yongsawatdigul J. Immunomodulatory activity of protein hydrolysates derived from Virgibacillus halodenitrificans SK1-3-7 proteinase. Food Chem 2017; 224:320-328. [PMID: 28159274 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of inflammation-related immune response on THP-1 macrophages of protein hydrolysates derived from tilapia mince, casein and pea protein, were investigated. The protein substrates were hydrolyzed by Virgibacillus halodenitrificans SK1-3-7 proteinase. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of casein was observed to be the highest throughout the course of hydrolysis. When challenging THP-1 macrophages, tilapia mince hydrolysate (TMH) enhanced innate immunity through induction of IL-1β and COX-2 expression. Anti-inflammatory activity was observed in casein hydrolysate (CH) and pea protein hydrolysate (PPH) by attenuating lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced pro-inflammatory gene expression in THP-1 macrophages. CH suppressed IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and COX-2, while PPH reduced LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α responses. In addition, CH and PPH showed stronger suppression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression compared with non-hydrolyzed casein and pea protein. These results suggest that TMH, CH and PPH prepared from V. halodenitrificans SK1-3-7 proteinase are potential functional food ingredients with immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tidarat Toopcham
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jirawat Yongsawatdigul
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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A Novel Rhamnose-Rich Hetero-exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei DG Activates THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02702-16. [PMID: 27913418 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02702-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei DG is a bacterial strain with recognized probiotic properties and is used in commercial probiotic products. However, the mechanisms underlying its probiotic properties are mainly unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the ability of strain DG to interact with the host is at least partly associated with its ability to synthesize a surface-associated exopolysaccharide (EPS). Comparative genomics revealed the presence of putative EPS gene clusters in the DG genome; accordingly, EPS was isolated from the surface of the bacterium. A sample of the pure EPS from strain DG (DG-EPS), upon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and chemical analyses, was shown to be a novel branched hetero-EPS with a repeat unit composed of l-rhamnose, d-galactose, and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine in a ratio of 4:1:1. Subsequently, we demonstrated that DG-EPS displays immunostimulating properties by enhancing the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and particularly that of the chemokines IL-8 and CCL20, in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. In contrast, the expression of the cyclooxygenase enzyme COX-2 was not affected. In conclusion, DG-EPS is a bacterial macromolecule with the ability to boost the immune system either as a secreted molecule released from the bacterium or as a capsular envelope on the bacterial cell wall. This study provides additional information about the mechanisms supporting the cross talk between L. paracasei DG and the host. IMPORTANCE The consumption of food products and supplements called probiotics (i.e., containing live microbial cells) to potentially prevent or treat specific diseases is constantly gaining popularity. The lack of knowledge on the precise mechanisms supporting their potential health-promoting properties, however, greatly limits a more appropriate use of each single probiotic strain. In this context, we studied a well-known probiotic, Lactobacillus paracasei DG, in order to identify the constitutive molecules that can explain the documented health-promoting properties of this bacterium. We found a novel polysaccharide molecule, named DG-EPS, that is secreted by and covers the bacterium. We demonstrated that this molecule, which has a chemical structure never identified before, has immunostimulatory properties and therefore may contribute to the ability of the probiotic L. paracasei DG to interact with the immune system.
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Cermeño M, FitzGerald RJ, O'Brien NM. In vitro antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of transglutaminase-treated sodium caseinate hydrolysates. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Physicochemical, functional properties and antioxidant activities of porcine cerebral hydrolysate peptides produced by ultrasound processing. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Balzaretti S, Taverniti V, Rondini G, Marcolegio G, Minuzzo M, Remagni MC, Fiore W, Arioli S, Guglielmetti S. The vaginal isolate Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760) is suitable for oral administration. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:952. [PMID: 26441886 PMCID: PMC4569730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common urogenital diseases affecting women in reproductive age. The administration of probiotics as vaginal suppository has been proposed as a strategy to cure this condition and reduce its recurrence. Nonetheless, also oral consumption of probiotics, which is a more practical route of administration, proved to be an efficient strategy. In this perspective, we studied Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 (DSM 26760), a human vaginal isolate included in commercial probiotic preparations for topical use, in order to assess if this bacterium can also perform as gastrointestinal probiotic. Comparative genomics revealed the presence of several accessory genes suggesting that LPC-S01 is a niche-generalist member of its species. According to a procedure conventionally used to predict the probiotic potential, we demonstrated that the probiotic properties of strain LPC-S01, with respect to those of the well-known probiotic references L. paracasei Shirota and DG, are equal for the bile tolerance and the reduction of NF-κB activation in Caco-2 cells, or superior for the tolerance to gastric juice and the adhesion to Caco-2 epithelial cells. We then demonstrated that LPC-S01 is susceptible to antibiotics indicated by EFSA and does not produce biogenic amines. Finally, a double-blind cross-over pilot intervention trial on healthy human volunteers showed that, after a 7-days oral consumption of capsules containing about 24 billion live cells, the fecal cell concentrations of strains LPC-S01 and DG (evaluated by qPCR) were not dissimilar. Specifically, both probiotics' cell concentrations were above the detection limit for an average of 5 days from the end of the treatment, corresponding to a mean number of evacuations of 7 ± 2. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the vaginal isolate L. paracasei LPC-S01 possesses safety and functional properties that may support its use as probiotic to be administered per os for potential intestinal as well as vaginal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Balzaretti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Greta Rondini
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marcolegio
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Minuzzo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Maria C Remagni
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Arioli
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
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16
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de Castro RJS, Sato HH. Biologically active peptides: Processes for their generation, purification and identification and applications as natural additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Food Res Int 2015; 74:185-198. [PMID: 28411983 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have created great interest in the use of biologically active peptides. Bioactive peptides can be defined as specific portions of proteins with 2 to 20 amino acids that have desirable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-adipogenic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Specific characteristics, including low toxicity and high specificity, make these molecules of particular interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on the production of bioactive peptides, with special emphasis on fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The combination of different technologies and the use of auxiliary processes are also addressed. A survey of isolation, purification and peptide characterization methods was conducted to identify the major techniques used to determine the structures of bioactive peptides. Finally, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-hypertensive, anti-adipogenic activities and probiotic-bacterial growth-promoting aspects of various peptides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hélia Harumi Sato
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Purpose
– The aim of the article was to focus on various peptides identified in the egg and their probable application as novel ingredients in the development of functional food products. Bioactive peptides of egg origin have attracted increasing interest as one of the prominent candidates for development of various health-promoting functional and designer foods.
Design/methodology/approach
– Traditionally known as a source of highly valuable proteins in human nutrition, eggs are nowadays also considered as an important source of many bioactive peptides which may find wide application in medicine and food production. These specific protein fragments from egg proteins which, above and beyond their nutritional capabilities, have a positive impact on the body’s function or condition by affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and may ultimately influence health.
Findings
– Several peptides that are released in vitro or in vivo from egg proteins have been attributed to different health effects, including antihypertensive effects, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activities, anticancer activity, immunomodulating activity, antiadhesive properties and enhancement of nutrient absorption and/or bioavailability. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify and characterize these biologically active peptides of egg origin which has changed the image of egg as a new source of biologically active ingredients for the development of functional foods with specific benefits for human health and treatment and prevention of diseases.
Originality/value
– The paper mainly describes the above-stated properties of bioactive peptides derived from egg proteins.
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18
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Bhat ZF, Kumar S, Bhat HF. Bioactive peptides of animal origin: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:5377-92. [PMID: 26344955 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are specific protein fragments which, above and beyond their nutritional capabilities, have a positive impact on the body's function or condition which may ultimately influence health. Although, inactive within the sequence of the parent proteins, these peptides can be released during proteolysis or fermentation and play an important role in human health by affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. Several peptides that are released in vitro or in vivo from animal proteins have been attributed to different health effects, including antimicrobial properties, blood pressure-lowering (ACE inhibitory) effects, cholesterol-lowering ability, antithrombotic and antioxidant activities, opioid activities, enhancement of mineral absorption and/or bioavailability, cytomodulatory and immunomodulatory effects, antiobesity, and anti-genotoxic activity. Several functional foods based on the bioactivities of these peptides with scientifically evidenced health claims are already on the market or under development by food companies. Consumer's increasing interest in these products has given an impetus to the food industry and scientific sector who are continuously exploring the possibilities for the development of new functional products based on these peptides. In this review, we describe above stated properties of bioactive peptides of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Hina Fayaz Bhat
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Alusteing, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
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19
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Mukhopadhya A, Noronha N, Bahar B, Ryan MT, Murray BA, Kelly PM, O'Loughlin IB, O'Doherty JV, Sweeney T. Anti-inflammatory effects of a casein hydrolysate and its peptide-enriched fractions on TNFα-challenged Caco-2 cells and LPS-challenged porcine colonic explants. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:712-23. [PMID: 25493190 PMCID: PMC4256577 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive milk peptides are reported to illicit a range of physiological benefits and have been proposed as potential functional food ingredients. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory properties of sodium caseinate (NaCAS), its enzyme hydrolysate (EH) and peptide-enriched fractions (5 kDa retentate [R], 1 kDaR and 1 kDa permeate [P]), both in vitro using a Caco-2 cell line, and also ex vivo using a porcine colonic tissue explant system. Caco-2 cells were stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and co-treated with casein hydrolysates for 24 h. Following this, interleukin (IL)-8 concentrations in the supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Porcine colonic tissue was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and co-treated with casein hydrolysates for 3 h. The expression of a panel of inflammatory cytokines was measured using qPCR. While dexamethasone reduced the IL-8 concentration by 41.6%, the 1 kDaR and 1 kDaP fractions reduced IL-8 by 68.7% and 66.1%, respectively, relative to TNFα-stimulated Caco-2 cells (P < 0.05). In the ex vivo system, only the 1 kDaR fraction elicited a decrease inIL1-α,IL1-β,IL-8,TGF-β andIL-10 expression (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that the bioactive peptides present in the 1 kDaR fraction of the NaCAS hydrolysate possess anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and ex vivo. Further in vivo analysis of the anti-inflammatory properties of the 1 kDaR is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Mukhopadhya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Dublin, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nessa Noronha
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, UCD Dublin, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brian A Murray
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phil M Kelly
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian B O'Loughlin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Dublin, Ireland ; Food for Health Ireland (FHI), UCD Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5-specific antibodies for detection of S-layer protein in Grana Padano protected-designation-of-origin cheese. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:694-703. [PMID: 24242242 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03057-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable-fragment antibodies (scFvs) have considerable potential in immunological detection and localization of bacterial surface structures. In this study, synthetic phage-displayed antibody libraries were used to select scFvs against immunologically active S-layer protein of Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5. After three rounds of panning, five relevant phage clones were obtained, of which four were specific for the S-layer protein of L. helveticus MIMLh5 and one was also capable of binding to the S-layer protein of L. helveticus ATCC 15009. All five anti-S-layer scFvs were expressed in Escherichia coli XL1-Blue, and their specificity profiles were characterized by Western blotting. The anti-S-layer scFv PolyH4, with the highest specificity for the S-layer protein of L. helveticus MIMLh5, was used to detect the S-layer protein in Grana Padano protected-designation-of-origin (PDO) cheese extracts by Western blotting. These results showed promising applications of this monoclonal antibody for the detection of immunomodulatory S-layer protein in dairy (and dairy-based) foods.
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Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the host innate immune response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:730-40. [PMID: 24242237 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03313-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe data obtained from transcriptome profiling of human cell lines and intestinal cells of a murine model upon exposure and colonization, respectively, with Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010. Significant changes were detected in the transcription of genes that are known to be involved in innate immunity. Furthermore, results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that exposure to B. bifidum PRL2010 causes enhanced production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 cytokines, presumably through NF-κB activation. The obtained global transcription profiles strongly suggest that Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the innate immune response of the host.
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Saavedra L, Hebert E, Minahk C, Ferranti P. An overview of “omic” analytical methods applied in bioactive peptide studies. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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S-layer protein mediates the stimulatory effect of Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5 on innate immunity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:1221-31. [PMID: 23220964 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03056-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to positively affect host health through the modulation of the immune response is a feature of increasing importance in measuring the probiotic potential of a bacterial strain. However, the identities of the bacterial cell components involved in cross talk with immune cells remain elusive. In this study, we characterized the dairy strain Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5 and its surface-layer protein (SlpA) using in vitro and ex vivo analyses. We found that MIMLh5 and SlpA exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the activation of NF-κB on the intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line. On the contrary, MIMLh5 and SlpA act as stimulators of the innate immune system by triggering the expression of proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha and COX-2 in the human macrophage cell line U937 via recognition through Toll-like receptor 2. In the same experiments, SlpA protein did not affect the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. A similar response was observed following stimulation of macrophages isolated from mouse bone marrow or the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that SlpA plays a major role in mediating bacterial immune-stimulating activity, which could help to induce the host's defenses against and responses toward infections. This study supports the concept that the viability of bacterial cells is not always essential to exert immunomodulatory effects, thus permitting the development of safer therapies for the treatment of specific diseases according to a paraprobiotic intervention.
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