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Silva LD, Aguiar MM, Paiva AD, Bernardes PC, Gedraite R, Naves EAA. Optimization of clean-in-place (CIP) procedure of pipelines contaminated with Bacillus cereus by applying pulsed flow. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Kim U, Kim JH, Lee SY, Oh SW. Detection of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens in dual-species biofilm via real-time PCR and eradication using grapefruit seed extract. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Hu WS, Woo DU, Kang YJ, Koo OK. Biofilm and Spore Formation of Clostridium perfringens and Its Resistance to Disinfectant and Oxidative Stress. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040396. [PMID: 33917564 PMCID: PMC8067515 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a major human pathogen that causes gastroenteritis via enterotoxin production and has the ability to form spores and biofilms for environmental persistence and disease transmission. This study aimed to compare the disinfectant and environmental resistance properties of C. perfringens vegetative cells and spores in planktonic and sessile conditions, and to examine the nucleotide polymorphisms and transcription under sessile conditions in C. perfringens strains isolated from meat. The sporulation rate of sessile C. perfringens TYJAM-D-66 (cpe+) was approximately 19% at day 5, while those of CMM-C-80 (cpe−) and SDE-B-202 (cpe+) were only 0.26% and 0.67%, respectively, at day 7. When exposed to aerobic conditions for 36 h, TYJAM-D-66, CMM-C-80, and SDE-B-202 vegetative cells showed 1.70 log, 5.36 log, and 5.67 log reductions, respectively. After treatment with sodium hypochlorite, the survival rates of TYJAM-D-66 vegetative cells (53.6%) and spores (82.3%) in biofilms were higher than those of planktonic cells (9.23%). Biofilm- and spore-related genes showed different expression within TYJAM-D-66 (–4.66~113.5), CMM-C-80 (–3.02~2.49), and SDE-B-202 (–5.07~2.73). Our results indicate the resistance of sessile cells and spores of C. perfringens upon exposure to stress conditions after biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Si Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Dong U Woo
- Division of Life Science Department, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (D.U.W.); (Y.J.K.)
- Division of Bio & Medical Big Data Department (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Yang Jae Kang
- Division of Life Science Department, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (D.U.W.); (Y.J.K.)
- Division of Bio & Medical Big Data Department (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Koo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1441
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Effect of dry sanitizing methods on Bacillus cereus biofilm. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:919-926. [PMID: 33619697 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a relevant foodborne pathogen and biofilm producer which can contaminate and persist in the processing environment of both high and low water activity foods. Because of this, it is crucial to understand better the resistance of this pathogen biofilm to different sanitation methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dry sanitizing treatments against B. cereus biofilm formed on stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene (PP). Biofilm formation was held through the static method at 25 °C. After 4 days of incubation, coupons were exposed for up to 30 min to UV-C light, dry heat, gaseous ozone, 70% ethanol, and a commercial sanitizer. Sodium hypochlorite (200 mg/l) was also tested in two different pH values (7 and 11) for comparison purposes. In general, the surface material did not influence (p > 0.05) the performance of the treatments. From 10 min of exposure, 70% ethanol and the commercial product caused the lowest reductions on both surfaces. In addition, dry heat exhibited a poor performance on PP, with reductions < 1 log CFU/cm2. UV-C light on SS and PP and ozone on PP achieved reductions around 2 log CFU/cm2 after 30 min. The same level of reduction was obtained after 5 or 10 min using sodium hypochlorite (200 mg/l). Therefore, the results showed that dry sanitizing methods are not as effective as sodium hypochlorite against B. cereus biofilms. Further studies to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of dry methods are necessary.
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P P Alonso V, Y Kabuki D. Formation and dispersal of biofilms in dairy substrates. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa P P Alonso
- Department of Food Science School of Food Engineering University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Monteiro Lobato 80 Campinas 13083‐862 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dirce Y Kabuki
- Department of Food Science School of Food Engineering University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Monteiro Lobato 80 Campinas 13083‐862 São Paulo Brazil
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Jeon HR, Kwon MJ, Yoon KS. Control of Listeria innocua Biofilms on Food Contact Surfaces with Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and the Risk of Biofilm Cells Transfer to Duck Meat. J Food Prot 2018; 81:582-592. [PMID: 29517351 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on food contact surfaces is a potential hazard leading to cross-contamination during food processing. We investigated Listeria innocua biofilm formation on various food contact surfaces and compared the washing effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) at 30, 50, 70, and 120 ppm with that of 200 ppm of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on biofilm cells. The risk of L. innocua biofilm transfer and growth on food at retail markets was also investigated. The viability of biofilms that formed on food contact surfaces and then transferred cells to duck meat was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. L. innocua biofilm formation was greatest on rubber, followed by polypropylene, glass, and stainless steel. Regardless of sanitizer type, washing removed biofilms from polypropylene and stainless steel better than from rubber and glass. Among the various SAEW concentrations, washing with 70 ppm of SAEW for 5 min significantly reduced L. innocua biofilms on food contact surfaces during food processing. Efficiency of transfer of L. innocua biofilm cells was the highest on polypropylene and lowest on stainless steel. The transferred biofilm cells grew to the maximum population density, and the lag time of transferred biofilm cells was longer than that of planktonic cells. The biofilm cells that transferred to duck meat coexisted with live, injured, and dead cells, which indicates that effective washing is essential to remove biofilm on food contact surfaces during food processing to reduce the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ri Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Sharma K, Pagedar Singh A. Antibiofilm Effect of DNase against Single and Mixed Species Biofilm. Foods 2018; 7:E42. [PMID: 29562719 PMCID: PMC5867557 DOI: 10.3390/foods7030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms that coexist in socially coordinated micro-niche in a self-produced polymeric matrix on pre-conditioned surfaces. The biofilm matrix reduces the efficacy of antibiofilm strategies. DNase degrades the extracellular DNA (e-DNA) present in the matrix, rendering the matrix weak and susceptible to antimicrobials. In the current study, the effect of DNase I was evaluated during biofilm formation (pre-treatment), on preformed biofilms (post-treatment) and both (dual treatment). The DNase I pre-treatment was optimized for P. aeruginosa PAO1 (model biofilm organism) at 10 µg/mL and post-treatment at 10 µg/mL with 15 min of contact duration. Inclusion of Mg2+ alongside DNase I post-treatment resulted in 90% reduction in biofilm within only 5 min of contact time (irrespective of age of biofilm). On extension of these findings, DNase I was found to be less effective against mixed species biofilm than individual biofilms. DNase I can be used as potent antibiofilm agent and with further optimization can be effectively used for biofilm prevention and reduction in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand 388121, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ankita Pagedar Singh
- Department of Food Processing Technology, AD Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand 388121, Gujarat, India.
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da Silva Fernandes M, Coelho Alvares AC, Martins Manoel JG, Ramires Esper LM, Kabuki DY, Kuaye AY. Formation of multi-species biofilms by Enterococcus faecium , Enterococcus faecalis , and Bacillus cereus isolated from ricotta processing and effectiveness of chemical sanitation procedures. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Huang K, McLandsborough LA, Goddard JM. Adhesion and removal kinetics of Bacillus cereus biofilms on Ni-PTFE modified stainless steel. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:523-533. [PMID: 27020838 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1160284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm control remains a challenge to food safety. A well-studied non-fouling coating involves codeposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) during electroless plating. This coating has been reported to reduce foulant build-up during pasteurization, but opportunities remain in demonstrating its efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation. Herein, the initial adhesion, biofilm formation, and removal kinetics of Bacillus cereus on Ni-PTFE-modified stainless steel (SS) are characterized. Coatings lowered the surface energy of SS and reduced biofilm formation by > 2 log CFU cm(-2). Characterization of the kinetics of biofilm removal during cleaning demonstrated improved cleanability on the Ni-PTFE coated steel. There was no evidence of biofilm after cleaning by either solution on the Ni-PTFE coated steel, whereas more than 3 log and 1 log CFU cm(-2) of bacteria remained on the native steel after cleaning with water and an alkaline cleaner, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential application of Ni-PTFE non-fouling coatings on SS to improve food safety by reducing biofilm formation and improving the cleaning efficiency of food processing equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- a Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA , USA
| | | | - Julie M Goddard
- a Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA , USA
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Di Ciccio P, Vergara A, Festino A, Paludi D, Zanardi E, Ghidini S, Ianieri A. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus on food contact surfaces: Relationship with temperature and cell surface hydrophobicity. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Enterotoxigenic profile, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation of Bacillus cereus isolated from ricotta processing. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Winkelströter LK, Teixeira FBDR, Silva EP, Alves VF, De Martinis ECP. Unraveling microbial biofilms of importance for food microbiology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:35-46. [PMID: 24370864 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms is a relevant risk factors in the food industry due to the potential contamination of food products with pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The majority of bacteria are able to adhere and to form biofilms, where they can persist and survive for days to weeks or even longer, depending on the microorganism and the environmental conditions. The biological cycle of biofilms includes several developmental phases such as: initial attachment, maturation, maintenance, and dispersal. Bacteria in biofilms are generally well protected against environmental stress, consequently, extremely difficult to eradicate and detect in food industry. In the present manuscript, some techniques and compounds used to control and to prevent the biofilm formation are presented and discussed. Moreover, a number of novel techniques have been recently employed to detect and evaluate bacteria attached to surfaces, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA microarray and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Better knowledge on the architecture, physiology and molecular signaling in biofilms can contribute for preventing and controlling food-related spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The present study highlights basic and applied concepts important for understanding the role of biofilms in bacterial survival, persistence and dissemination in food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Modelling Bacillus cereus adhesion on stainless steel surface as affected by temperature, pH and time. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Caballero Gómez N, Grande MJ, Pérez Pulido R, Abriouel H, Gálvez A. Effect of enterocin AS-48 singly or in combination with biocides on planktonic and sessile B. cereus. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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