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Wu J, Chen S, Van der Meeren P. Heat Stability Assessment of Milk: A Review of Traditional and Innovative Methods. Foods 2024; 13:2236. [PMID: 39063320 PMCID: PMC11275249 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to differentiate milk with different thermostabilities for diverse applications in food products and for the appropriate selection of processing and maintenance of manufacturing facilities. In this review, an overview of the chemical changes in milk subjected to high-temperature heating is given. An emphasis is given to the studies of traditional and state-of-the-art strategies for assessing the milk thermostability, as well as their influencing factors. Traditional subjective and objective techniques have been used extensively in many studies for evaluating thermostability, whereas recent research has been focused on novel approaches with greater objectivity and accuracy, including innovative physical, spectroscopic, and predictive tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Simin Chen
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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Impact of casein demineralization on the fouling of UHT plant and the heat stability of high protein beverages: A pilot scale study. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Abdallah M, Azevedo-Scudeller L, Hiolle M, Lesur C, Baniel A, Delaplace G. Review on mechanisms leading to fouling and stability issues related to heat treatment of casein-based RTD beverages. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Colloidal and Acid Gelling Properties of Mixed Milk and Pea Protein Suspensions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101383. [PMID: 35626953 PMCID: PMC9140544 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to describe colloidal and acid gelling properties of mixed suspensions of pea and milk proteins. Mixed protein suspensions were prepared by adding pea protein isolate to rehydrated skimmed milk (3% w/w protein) to generate four mixed samples at 5, 7, 9, and 11% w/w total protein. Skimmed milk powder was also used to prepare four pure milk samples at the same protein concentrations. The samples were analyzed in regard to their pH, viscosity, color, percentage of sedimentable material, heat and ethanol stabilities, and acid gelling properties. Mixed suspensions were darker and presented higher pH, viscosity, and percentage of sedimentable material than milk samples. Heat and ethanol stabilities were similar for both systems and were reduced as a function of total protein concentration. Small oscillation rheology and induced syneresis data showed that the presence of pea proteins accelerated acid gel formation but weakened the final structure of the gels. In this context, the results found in the present work contributed to a better understanding of mixed dairy/plant protein functionalities and the development of new food products.
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PRESTES AA, HELM CV, ESMERINO EA, SILVA R, PRUDENCIO ES. Conventional and alternative concentration processes in milk manufacturing: a comparative study on dairy properties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.08822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erick Almeida ESMERINO
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ramon SILVA
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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McCarthy NA, Magan JB, Kelleher CM, Kelly AL, O’Mahony JA, Murphy EG. Heat treatment of milk: effect on concentrate viscosity, powder manufacture and end-product functionality. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen C, Mei J, Xie J. Impact of thawing methods on physico‐chemical properties and microstructural characteristics of concentrated milk. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation Shanghai China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation Shanghai China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University) Shanghai China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation Shanghai China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University) Shanghai China
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Singh J, Dean A, Prakash S, Bhandari B, Bansal N. Ultra high temperature stability of milk protein concentrate: Effect of mineral salts addition. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sim JY, Beckman SL, Anand S, Martínez-Monteagudo SI. Hydrodynamic cavitation coupled with thermal treatment for reducing counts of B. coagulans in skim milk concentrate. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Smith GN, Brok E, Christiansen MV, Ahrné L. Casein micelles in milk as sticky spheres. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9955-9963. [PMID: 33034319 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a ubiquitous foodstuff and food ingredient, and milk caseins are key to the structural properties of milk during processing and storage. Caseins self-assemble into nanometer-sized colloids, referred to as "micelles", and particles of this size are ideally suited to study by small-angle scattering (SAS). Previous SAS measurements have almost exclusively focussed on the internal structure of the micelles. While important for milk's properties, this attention to the interior of the micelles provides limited information about the structure-forming properties of milk and milk ingredients. The ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurements and analysis in this study extend to the micrometer scale, which makes it possible to characterize the interaction between the micelles. Until now, SAS studies have generally excluded a consideration of the interparticle interactions between casein micelles. This is inconsistent with these new data, and it is not possible to model the data without some interparticle attraction. If the micelles are treated as sticky spheres, excellent agreement between experimental data and model fits can be obtained over the length scales studied, from micrometers to ångströms. The stickiness of casein micelles will impact ultra-small-angle scattering and small-angle scattering measurements of casein micelles, but it particularly limits the application of simple approximations, which generally assume that particles are dilute and noninteracting. In summary, this analysis provides an approach to modelling scattering data over many orders of magnitude, which will provide better understanding of interactions between caseins and during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Dumpler J, Huppertz T, Kulozik U. Invited review: Heat stability of milk and concentrated milk: Past, present, and future research objectives. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10986-11007. [PMID: 33041027 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of milk and concentrated milk to withstand a defined heat treatment without noticeable changes such as flocculation of protein is commonly denoted as heat stability. A heat treatment that exceeds the heat stability limit of milk or concentrated milk, which has a much lower heat stability, may result in undesired changes, such as separation of milk fat, grittiness, sediment formation, and phase separation. Most laboratory-scale batch heating methods were developed in the early 20th century to simulate commercial sterilization, and these methods have since been standardized. Heat stability studies have been motivated by different objectives during that time, addressing different processing issues and targets in the framework of available technology, legislation, and consumer demand. Although milk hygiene has improved during the last couple of decades, rendering milk less sensitive to coagulation, different standard methods suffered from poor comparability of results, even when comparing results for the same milk sample, indicating that unknown procedural steps affect heat stability. The prediction of heat stability of concentrated milk from the heat stability results of the corresponding unconcentrated milk for rapid quality testing purposes has been difficult, mainly due to different experimental conditions. The objective of this study is to review literature on heat stability, starting from studies in the early 20th century, to summarize the vast number of studies on compositional aspects of milk affecting heat stability, and to lead the way to the most recent work related to compositional changes in concentrates produced by membrane concentration and fractionation, respectively. Particular attention is paid to early and most recent developments and findings, such as the application of kinetic models to predict and limit protein aggregation to assess and describe heat stability as a temperature-time-total milk solids continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dumpler
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| | - Thom Huppertz
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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New experimental set-up for testing microwave technology to continuously heat fouling-sensitive food products like milk concentrates. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh J, Prakash S, Bhandari B, Bansal N. Ultra-high temperature (UHT) stability of chocolate flavored high protein beverages. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3012-3019. [PMID: 32856323 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two milk protein formulations and κ-carrageenan concentration (0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05%) on UHT (145 °C) fouling behavior and physical properties of chocolate flavored high protein beverages were studied. These two beverage formulations were: (i) reconstituted milk protein concentrate (RMPC-Choco) and (ii) RMPC and reconstituted whey protein concentrate (C:W-Choco). The UHT run times for samples prepared without κ-carrageenan were very short (9.5 ± 0.71 and 26.5 ± 2.12 min for RMPC-Choco-0 and C:W-Choco-0, respectively) due to settlement of cocoa powder particles inside the UHT plant leading to severe fouling. The κ-carrageenan requirement for UHT stable (UHT run times > 120 min) RMPC-Choco and C:W-Choco was 0.03 and 0.01%, respectively. The presence of higher amounts of whey proteins in C:W-Choco lowered its κ-carrageenan requirement to render it UHT stable due to additional gelation of whey proteins. This additional gelation was evident from larger average particle sizes and higher viscosity of UHT treated C:W-Choco samples at κ-carrageenan concentrations similar to RMPC-Choco samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research can be helpful to the food industry when formulating chocolate flavored high protein beverages; their protein profiles can be modified to lower the amount of stabilizers required to make them UHT stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Meza BE, Zorrilla SE, Olivares ML. Rheological methods to analyse the thermal aggregation of calcium enriched milks. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Singh J, Prakash S, Bhandari B, Bansal N. Ultra high temperature (UHT) stability of casein-whey protein mixtures at high protein content: Heat induced protein interactions. Food Res Int 2019; 116:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ho QT, Murphy KM, Drapala KP, O'Callaghan TF, Fenelon MA, O'Mahony JA, McCarthy NA. Effect of pH and heat treatment on viscosity and heat coagulation properties of milk protein concentrate. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thermal treatment of skim milk concentrates in a novel shear-heating device: Reduction of thermophilic spores and physical properties. Food Res Int 2018; 107:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dumpler J, Peraus F, Depping V, Stefánsdóttir B, Grunow M, Kulozik U. Modelling of heat stability and heat-induced aggregation of casein micelles in concentrated skim milk using a Weibullian model. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dumpler
- Chair for Food and Bioprocess Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Weihenstephaner Berg 1 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Felicitas Peraus
- Chair for Food and Bioprocess Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Weihenstephaner Berg 1 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Verena Depping
- TUM School of Management; Technical University of Munich; Arcisstraße 21 80333 Munich Germany
| | - Bryndís Stefánsdóttir
- TUM School of Management; Technical University of Munich; Arcisstraße 21 80333 Munich Germany
| | - Martin Grunow
- TUM School of Management; Technical University of Munich; Arcisstraße 21 80333 Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair for Food and Bioprocess Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Weihenstephaner Berg 1 85354 Freising Germany
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Nunes ÂA, Favaro SP, Miranda CHB, Neves VA. Preparation and characterization of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog) nut protein isolate and comparison of its physico-chemical properties with commercial animal and plant protein isolates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:151-157. [PMID: 26954302 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brazilian leguminous tree locally known in the Cerrado Biome as baru (Dipteryx alata Vog), provides a healthy edible oil source. The proteinaceous cake remaining after oil extraction could be transformed into new products to foodstuff development, such as protein concentrates and isolates, adding value to the production chain. In this study, it is described the preparation and characterization of baru nut protein isolate (BPI) from deffated baru flour, and measurements of its functional, nutritional, and thermal properties, in comparison to the more common vegetable (soybeans) and animal (casein and albumin) protein sources of the food industry. RESULTS BPI presented higher protein content than soybean, casein and albumin commercial protein isolates, despite losses of albumins and low molecular weight globulins during the isolation procedure. Thermodynamics studies suggested that BPI has a well-conserved protein arrangement and lower thermostability than the other protein sources. BPI showed high in vitro digestibility and suitable and desirable functional properties such as water and oil absorption capacity, emulsifying activity, and foam formation and stability at mild and neutral pH. CONCLUSION BPI could be used either as a substitute ingredient in oily food formulations or in the development of new products of its own. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela A Nunes
- Catholic University Dom Bosco, P.O. Box 100 - CEP 79117-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Simone P Favaro
- Catholic University Dom Bosco, P.O. Box 100 - CEP 79117-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Cesar H B Miranda
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa, PqEB, W3 Norte - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Neves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition Department, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Brazil
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Dissociation and coagulation of caseins and whey proteins in concentrated skim milk heated by direct steam injection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-016-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dumpler J, Kulozik U. Heat-induced coagulation of concentrated skim milk heated by direct steam injection. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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