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Linehan K, Patangia DV, Ross RP, Stanton C. Production, Composition and Nutritional Properties of Organic Milk: A Critical Review. Foods 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38397527 PMCID: PMC10887702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most valuable products in the food industry with most milk production throughout the world being carried out using conventional management, which includes intensive and traditional systems. The intensive use of fertilizers, antibiotics, pesticides and concerns regarding animal health and the environment have given increasing importance to organic dairy and dairy products in the last two decades. This review aims to compare the production, nutritional, and compositional properties of milk produced by conventional and organic dairy management systems. We also shed light on the health benefits of milk and the worldwide scenario of the organic dairy production system. Most reports suggest milk has beneficial health effects with very few, if any, adverse effects reported. Organic milk is reported to confer additional benefits due to its lower omega-6-omega-3 ratio, which is due to the difference in feeding practices, with organic cows predominantly pasture fed. Despite the testified animal, host, and environmental benefits, organic milk production is difficult in several regions due to the cost-intensive process and geographical conditions. Finally, we offer perspectives for a better future and highlight knowledge gaps in the organic dairy management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati V. Patangia
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
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Rodríguez MF, Gomez AP, Parra-Giraldo CM, Ceballos-Garzon A. Proteomics and Genetic Approaches Elucidate the Circulation of Low Variability Staphylococcus aureus Strains on Colombian Dairy Farms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2320-2329. [PMID: 37222805 PMCID: PMC10640432 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing bovine mastitis in the world, in part because of its ease of adaptation to various hosts and the environment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in Colombian dairy farms and its relationship with the causal network of subclinical mastitis. From thirteen dairy farms enrolled, 1288 quarter milk samples (QMS) and 330 teat samples were taken from cows with positive (70.1%) and negative California Mastitis Test (CMT). In addition, 126 samples from the milking parlor environment and 40 from workers (nasal) were collected. On each dairy farm, a survey was conducted, and the milking process was monitored on the day of sampling. S. aureus was identified in 176 samples, i.e., 138 QMS, 20 from teats, 8 from the milking parlor environment, and 10 from workers' nasal swabs. Isolates identified as S. aureus underwent proteomics (clustering of mass spectrum) and molecular (tuf, coa, spa Ig, clfA, and eno genes) analysis. Regarding proteomics results, isolates were distributed into three clusters, each with members from all sources and all farms. Concerning molecular analysis, the virulence-related genes clfA and eno were identified in 41.3% and 37.8% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. We provide evidence on the circulation of S. aureus strains with limited variability among animals, humans, and the environment. The parameters with the lowest compliance in the farms which may be implicated in the transmission of S. aureus are the lack of handwashing and abnormal milk handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlen Patricia Gomez
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo
- Proteomics and Human Mycosis Unit, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres Ceballos-Garzon
- Proteomics and Human Mycosis Unit, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Khasapane NG, Khumalo ZTH, Kwenda S, Nkhebenyane SJ, Thekisoe O. Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa. Vet Sci 2023; 10:616. [PMID: 37888568 PMCID: PMC10610705 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue of the mammary gland brought on by microbial infections or physical damage. It is characterised by physical, chemical, and biological changes in the udder and milk. While several different bacterial species have been identified as causative agents of mastitis, many subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases remain culture-negative. The aim of this study was to characterise milk microbiota from SCM and apparently healthy dairy cows (non-SCM) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha-diversity metrics showed significant differences between SCM cows and non-SCM counterparts. The beta-diversity metrics in the principal coordinate analysis significantly clustered samples by type (PERMANOVA test, p < 0.05), while non-metric dimensional scaling did not (PERMANOVA test, p = 0.07). The overall analysis indicated a total of 95 phyla, 33 classes, 82 orders, 124 families, 202 genera, and 119 bacterial species. Four phyla, namely Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria collectively accounted for more than 97% of all sequencing reads from SCM and non-SCM cow samples. The most abundant bacterial classes were Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria in non-SCM cow samples, whilst SCM cow samples were mainly composed of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria. Dominant bacterial species in non-SCM cow samples were Anthropi spp., Pseudomonas azotoformans, P. fragi, Acinetobacter guillouiae, Enterococcus italicus, Lactococcus lactis, whilst P. azotoformans, Mycobacterium bovis, P. fragi, Acinetobacter guillouiae, and P. koreensis were dominant in the SCM cow samples. The current study found differences in bacterial species between SCM and non-SCM cow milk; hence, the need for detailed epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Khasapane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Z. T. H. Khumalo
- ClinVet International, Study Management, Bainsvlei, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - S. Kwenda
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa;
| | - S. J. Nkhebenyane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - O. Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
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Steinberg RS, Silva E Silva LC, de Souza MR, Reis RB, da Silva PCL, Lacorte GA, Nicoli JR, Neumann E, Nunes ÁC. Changes in bovine milk bacterial microbiome from healthy and subclinical mastitis affected animals of the Girolando, Gyr, Guzera, and Holstein breeds. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 25:803-815. [PMID: 35838927 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk samples were collected from 200 dairy cows belonging to Girolando 1/2, Gyr, Guzera, and Holstein breeds, and the bacterial diversity was explored using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. SCC analysis showed that 69 animals were classified as affected with subclinical mastitis. The milk bacterial microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with an increase of Firmicutes in animals with subclinical mastitis and Proteobacteria in healthy animals. At the family and genus level, the milk bacterial microbiome was dominated by Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, Aerococcus, members of the family Rhizobiaceae, Anaerobacillus, Streptococcus, members of the family Intrasporangiaceae, members of the family Planococcaceae, Corynebacterium, Nocardioides, and Chryseobacterium. Significant differences in alpha and beta diversity analysis suggest an effect of udder health status and breed on the composition of raw bovine milk microbiota. LEfSe analysis showed 45 and 51 discriminative taxonomic biomarkers associated with udder health status and with one of the four breeds respectively, suggesting an effect of subclinical mastitis and breed on the microbiota of milk in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S Steinberg
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Campus Bambuí, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros - km 05, Caixa Postal 05, Bambuí, MG, 38900-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian C Silva E Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R de Souza
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Reis
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C L da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Lacorte
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Campus Bambuí, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros - km 05, Caixa Postal 05, Bambuí, MG, 38900-000, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro C Nunes
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Walker GK, Yustyniuk V, Shamoun J, Jacob ME, Correa M, Vaden SL, Borst LB. Detection of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in dogs with polymicrobial urinary tract infections: A 5-year retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1322-1329. [PMID: 35621072 PMCID: PMC9308410 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., which are frequently coisolated in polymicrobial UTI, cause morbidity among dogs and warrant antimicrobial therapy. Objectives To evaluate clinical features of dogs with polymicrobial E. coli and Enterococcal UTI. Animals Forty‐four client‐owned dogs with polymicrobial bacteriuria and groups of 100 client‐owned dogs with E. coli and Enterococcal monomicrobial bacteriuria. Methods Retrospective cohort study of medical records of dogs at a university teaching hospital from 2014 to 2019. Prevalence of recurrent UTI and isolate antimicrobial resistance were determined. Clinical outcomes of dogs with recurrent UTI from groups including cost and hospital visits were compared. Results Recurrent UTI was more prevalent (P = .05) in dogs with polymicrobial bacteriuria (57%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 42%‐70%) compared to the Enterococcal monomicrobial group (40%, 95% CI: 31%‐50%). Escherichia coli from polymicrobial bacteriuria were more frequently resistant to doxycycline (P < .01, 43%, 95% CI: 29%‐58%) and gentamicin (P = .03, 17%, 95% CI: 9%‐31%) compared to E. coli from monomicrobial bacteriuria (17% and 5%, 95% CI: 11%‐26% and 2%‐11% for doxycycline and gentamicin, respectively). Dogs with recurrent UTI from the polymicrobial UTI group had significantly (P = .05) more hospital visits (mean = 6 visits, 95% CI: 1.7‐9.8) compared to recurrent monomicrobial UTI dogs (mean = 4 and 3 visits, 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.4 and −0.7 to 7.7 for E. coli and Enterococcal monomicrobial UTI, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. polymicrobial UTI had more frequent adverse clinical outcomes for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson K Walker
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Valeriia Yustyniuk
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene Named after Prof. A.K. Skorokhodko, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - John Shamoun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Correa
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shelly L Vaden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luke B Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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The Influence of Bacteria Causing Subclinical Mastitis on the Structure of the Cow’s Milk Microbiome. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061829. [PMID: 35335192 PMCID: PMC8950352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is the most expensive disease of dairy cattle across the world and is the main reason for the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiome of raw milk obtained from a semi-subsistence farm located in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Milk from healthy cows and from cows with subclinical mastitis was analyzed. The following pathogenic bacteria were found in milk from individuals with subclinical mastitis: Escherichia coli or Streptococcus agalactiae. The composition of drinking milk was assessed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Ion Torrent platform. Based on the conducted research, significant changes in the composition of the milk microbiome were found depending on the physiological state of the cows. The microbiome of milk from healthy cows differed significantly from the milk from cows with subclinical mastitis. Two phyla dominated in the milk from healthy cows: Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, in equal amounts. On the contrary, in the milk from cows with diagnosed subclinical mastitis, one of the types dominated: either Firmicutes or Proteobacteria, and was largely predominant. Moreover, the milk microflora from the ill animals were characterized by lower values of the determined biodiversity indicators than the milk from healthy cows. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in the milk resulted in a significant reduction in the share of lactic acid bacteria in the structure of the population of microorganisms, which are of great importance in the production technology of regional products.
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Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Zhang F, Hua D, Liu J, Yao J, Yang L, Xiong B. Consumption of Supplementary Inulin Modulates Milk Microbiota and Metabolites in Dairy Cows with Subclinical Mastitis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0205921. [PMID: 34936838 PMCID: PMC8942464 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02059-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk microbiota and mediated metabolites directly affect the health of the udder in dairy cows. Inulin, a dietary prebiotic, can modulate the profile of gastrointestinal microbiota. However, whether the inulin intake affects the milk microbial population and metabolites remains unknown. In this study, 40 subclinical mastitis (SCM) cows were randomly divided into 5 groups. Five inulin addition doses, 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day per cow, based on the same basal diet, were supplemented. The experiments lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed lower relative abundance of mastitis-causing and proinflammation microbes in milk (i.e., Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, etc.) and higher abundances of probiotics and commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc., in the cows fed 300 g/day inulin compared to that in the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of arachidonic acid proinflammatory mediators (leukotriene E3, 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4, and 12-Oxo-c-LTB3) and phospholipid metabolites were reduced, and the levels of compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential (prostaglandin A1, 8-iso-15-keto-prostaglandin E2 [PGE2], etc.) and participating energy metabolism (citric acid, l-carnitine, etc.) were elevated. These data suggested that inulin intake might modulate the microflora and metabolite level in extraintestinal tissue, such as mammary gland, which provided an alternative for the regulation and mitigation of SCM. IMPORTANCE The profile of the microbial community and metabolic activity in milk are the main determinants of udder health status and milk quality. Recent studies have demonstrated that diet could directly modulate the mammary gland microbiome. Inulin is a probiotic dietary fiber which can improve the microbiota population in the gastrointestinal tract. However, whether inulin intake can further regulate the profile of the microbiota and metabolic activities in milk remains unclear. In subclinical mastitic cows, we found that inulin supplementation could reduce the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and the levels of (±)12, 13-DiHOME, leukotriene E3 and 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 etc., while it elevated the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Muribaculaceae, as well as the levels of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), 8-iso-15-keto-PGE2, benzoic acid, etc. in milk. These data suggest that inulin intake affects the profile of microorganisms and metabolites in milk, which provides an alternative for the regulation of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rivera Aguayo P, Bruna Larenas T, Alarcón Godoy C, Cayupe Rivas B, González-Casanova J, Rojas-Gómez D, Caro Fuentes N. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Capacity of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Wild Type Strain of Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from Milk of Cows Diagnosed with Bovine Mastitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090551. [PMID: 32872146 PMCID: PMC7558502 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most prevalent bacterial infection in the livestock sector, affecting the dairy industry greatly. The prevention and treatment of this disease is mainly made via antibiotics, but the increasing antimicrobial resistance of pathogens has affected the efficiency of conventional drugs. Pseudomonas sp. is one of the pathogens involved in this infection. The therapeutic rate of cure for this environmental mastitis-causing pathogen is practically zero, regardless of treatment. Biofilm formation has been one of the main virulence mechanisms of Pseudomonas hence presenting resistance to antibiotic therapy. We have manufactured chitosan nanoparticles (NQo) with tripolyphosphate (TPP) using ionotropic gelation. These NQo were confronted against a Pseudomonas sp. strain isolated from milk samples of cows diagnosed with BM, to evaluate their antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacity. The NQo showed great antibacterial effect in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and disk diffusion assays. Using sub lethal concentrations, NQo were tested for inhibition of biofilm formation. The results show that the nanoparticles exhibited biofilm inhibition and were capable of eradicate pre-existing mature biofilm. These findings indicate that the NQo could act as a potential alternative to antibiotic treatment of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rivera Aguayo
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Tamara Bruna Larenas
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Carlos Alarcón Godoy
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Bernardita Cayupe Rivas
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Jorge González-Casanova
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Diana Rojas-Gómez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Nelson Caro Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile; (P.R.A.); (T.B.L.); (C.A.G.); (B.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-22-3624720
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10
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Angelopoulou A, Field D, Pérez-Ibarreche M, Warda AK, Hill C, Ross RP. Vancomycin and nisin A are effective against biofilms of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human milk. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233284. [PMID: 32469943 PMCID: PMC7259672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk provides complete nutrition for infants and at the same time promotes the growth of specific bacteria in the infant gastrointestinal tract. Breastfeeding can often be discontinued due to mastitis which is an inflammation of the breast tissue. We isolated 18 Staphylococcus aureus strains from milk donated by healthy (n = 6), subclinical (n = 6), and mastitic (n = 6) mothers, two strains of which were VISA (Vancomycin Intermediate S. aureus). All tested strains (n = 12) were able to form biofilms. We then examined the impact of nisin A and vancomycin alone and in combination on biofilm formation and eradication of selected strains (n = 8). We observed strain-specific responses, with the combinatorial treatment at 1/4X MIC (for both singularly) significantly inhibiting biofilm formation for seven out of eight strains when compared with nisin A or vancomycin alone. None of the selected treatments were able to eradicate pre-formed biofilms. Finally, we selected two strains, namely a VISA (APC3814H) and a strong biofilm former (APC3912CM) and used confocal microscopy to evaluate the effects of the antimicrobial agents at 1X MIC on biofilm inhibition and eradication. All treatments inhibited biofilm formation of APC3814H but were ineffective in eradicating a pre-formed biofilm. Single treatments at 1X MIC against APC3912CM cells did not prevent biofilm formation whereas combination treatment caused increased death of APC3912CM cells. Finally, the combination treatment reduced the thickness of the pre-formed APC3912CM biofilm as compared with the single treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Alicja K. Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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