Oral Health Knowledge and Habits of People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of People Living with Diabetes in South Asia: A Scoping Review

Diabetes increases the risk of oral health complications. This review aimed to synthesise the current evidence on the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of people living with diabetes in South Asian countries and provide recommendations on possible strategies for addressing the gaps in oral health care in this population, including the role of non-dental professionals. Using a scoping review framework, six electronic databases (Ovid Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase) were searched to identify the relevant literature published between January 2000 and December 2021. The data were extracted into three main categories based on the review's aims, and further refined into sub-categories. A total of 23 studies were included. The review identified that while people with diabetes living in South Asian countries had some level of awareness about oral health and limited care practices to maintain good oral health, there were gaps in knowledge, and there were areas where their oral health practices and attitudes could be improved. The findings suggest a need for developing targeted oral health policies as well as implementing integrated oral health care interventions involving non-dental professionals to improve the oral health outcomes of people with diabetes.

Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis among adults: The 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey

Aim

This study aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and periodontitis among Indonesian adults.

Materials and Methods

Cross‐sectional data from the 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey (Riskesdas) was analysed. The sample included dentate individuals aged 35 years or older for whom complete information was available on components of MetS and periodontitis, including bleeding on probing (BOP) (N = 13,356), pocket depth (PD) (N = 13,273), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) (N = 13,000). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with negative binomial regression models.

Results

The prevalence of MetS was 41.0%. The prevalence of individuals having at least one tooth with BOP, one tooth with PD ≥4 mm, or one sextant with CAL ≥4 mm was 74.9%, 40.7%, and 40.6%, respectively. No associations were observed between MetS and BOP, PD, or CAL, but hyperglycaemia was constantly positively associated with BOP (RR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.11), PD (RR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.03–1.23), and CAL (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.08–1.23).

Conclusions

Our findings support the potential influence of hyperglycaemia on periodontitis. Incorporating oral disease prevention strategies into the management of systemic diseases could be beneficial for reducing the burden of these diseases in Indonesia.

Oral Health Status of Children Living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes is a well-known predisposing factor for oral diseases, so prevention in an early age is mandatory. Objective: To provide oral screening for children living with type 1 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the oral and general health indexes of T1DM children and compare these data to healthy siblings and controls. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 DM patients and 78 siblings, thereafter 80 DM children and 95 controls, took part. A detailed questionnaire, panoramic radiographs, and lateral cephalograms were obtained in every orthodontic consultation. We used Pearson’s chi-square test for statistical analysis and compared the data of the study and control groups. Results: The oral health values of DM children were significantly better (DMF-T 0.83–1.3) than the national average (3.8–4.5). A total of 75% (n = 60) of the children needed orthodontic treatment for orthodontic or skeletal anomalies. The prevalence of skeletal anomalies was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in the control group. The frequency of coeliac disease was significantly elevated compared to any literature data (1–3.5%) in the study (15%) and in the control sibling group (13%). Conclusions: Co-morbidities such as CD should get more attention as a prognostic factor for a future higher incidence of diabetes. T1DM children can be motivated and health-conscious patients with excellent oral hygiene and dental status. Orthodontic treatment can help eliminate the oral complications of DM. Special diabetes ambulances may help provide oral care for patients with DM.