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Cubero-Cardoso J, Eibes G, Carballa M. Exploring macroalgae biorefinery: Extraction of bioactive compounds and production of volatile fatty acids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120008. [PMID: 39284492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Macroalgae have gained significant attention in recent research owing to their potential as novel food source and their noteworthy nutritional properties. However, a substantial amount of these macroalgae accumulates along the coast without being utilized, highlighting the need for proper treatment and disposal methods to mitigate secondary pollution effects. Previous studies on macroalgae have primarily focused on extracting bioactive compounds or anaerobic digestion processes to produce methane or volatile fatty acids (VFA), with observed improvements following different pre-treatments. In this study, three biorefinery options for macroalgae have been compared. Additionally, the extraction of bioactive compounds followed by VFA production is proposed as a promising new valorization strategy. Milled macroalgae exhibited a low methane production yield (138 ± 17 NmL CH4·g volatile solid-1), corresponding to 31 ± 4 % biodegradability, while the acidification percentage was higher (45 ± 1%). Among the three solvents applied (water, ethanol and acetone), ethanol (80%) at 25 °C was the most effective in recovering bioactive compounds, such as chlorophylls, sugars, and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. The extraction of chlorophylls and phenolic compounds was not influenced by particle size reduction. However, a more efficient extraction of sugars was observed with lower particle size. Moreover, ethanol treatment demonstrated the good efficiency in VFA production, reaching up to 3.6 ± 0.2 g VFA-(chemical oxygen demand, COD)·L-1, with a VFA spectrum (in COD basis) consisting of 51% acetic acid, 29% propionic acid, 5% i-butyric acid, 7% butyric acid, and 7% i-valeric acid. These findings highlight the potential of ethanol for efficient compound recovery and VFA production from macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology, CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de "El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain.
| | - Gemma Eibes
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Carballa
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Cubero-Cardoso J, Jiménez-Páez E, Trujillo-Reyes Á, Serrano A, Urbano J, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Borja R, Fermoso FG. Valorization of strawberry extrudate waste: Recovery of phenolic compounds by direct-hydrothermal treatment and subsequent methane production by mesophilic semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:310-318. [PMID: 37499411 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry extrudate (SE) is an underused by-product from strawberry industry. Recovery of the phenolic compounds present in SE would represent a very interesting valorisation option. Two main challenges need to be solved, firstly, the solubilisation and recovery of the phenolic compounds contained in SE, and, after that, the stabilisation of the resulted de-phenolized SE. The present research evaluates the potential of a biorefinery process combining a hydrothermal pre-treatment, followed by a phenolic extraction process and, finally, the anaerobic digestion of the remaining SE for producing energy that will contribute to compensate the energy requirements of the whole system. Following the hydrothermal pre-treatment at 170 °C for 60 min, an extraction of 0.6 ± 0.1 g of gallic acid per kilogram of SE was achieved using an adsorbent resin, representing a recovery rate of 64 %. Long-term semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of de-phenolized SE was evaluated at different organic loading rates to evaluate the stability of the process. The anaerobic digestion of pre-treated SE achieved a stable methane production value of 243 ± 34 mL CH4·g volatile solids-1·d-1 at an organic loading rate (ORL) of 1.25 g volatile solids·L-1·d-1. During the operation at this ORL, the control parameters including pH, alkalinity, soluble chemical organic demand (sCOD), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) remained stable and consistently constant. Specifically, the VFA in the reactor during this stable period achieved a value of 102 ± 128 mg O2/L. Also, an economic balance showed that the minimal price of the generated phenolic extract for having benefited from the proposed biorefinery system was 0.812 €·(g of gallic acid equivalents)-1, a price within the range of phenolic compounds used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology. CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Campus de "El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Elena Jiménez-Páez
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Urbano
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology. CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Campus de "El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando G Fermoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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Cortés Rodríguez M, Gil G JH, Ortega-Toro R. Optimization of fluidized bed agglomeration process for developing a blackberry powder mixture. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19577. [PMID: 37809402 PMCID: PMC10558842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The research objective was to experimentally optimize the fluidized bed agglomeration process of an agglomerated blackberry powder mixture (ABPM) using the response surface methodology. As a raw material, a powdered mixture of blackberry from Castile (Rubus glaucus Benth) obtained by spray drying (SD) was used. In the evaluation of the agglomeration process, the response surface methodology was applied using a central design with a face-centered composition (α = 1), considering the independent variables: fluidisation air inlet temperature (T) (50-70 °C), the binder solution atomization air pressure (P) (1-2 bar) and process time (t) (20-35 min); and the dependent variable: moisture content (Xw), solubility (S), wettability (We), apparent density (ρa), total phenols (TP), radical scavenging (ABTS·+ and DPPH· methods), anthocyanins (Ant) (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G)), ellagic acid (EA) and vitamin C (Vit. C). In general, the ABPM exhibited higher porosity and particle size, which generated changes in S, We and ρa, and a better rehydration capacity of the ABPM. The optimal process conditions (T = 70 °C, P = 1.7 bar and t = 21.7 min) defined the most favourable attributes of the ABPM (Xw = 9.7 ± 0.1%, S = 74.9 ± 4.9%, We = 13.7 ± 3.6 min, ρa = 0.312 ± 0.009 g/mL, TP = 4084.6 ± 30.6 mg AGE/100g dry base (db), ABTS·+ = 4511.4 ± 124.5 mg TE/100 g db, DPPH· = 4182.7 ± 66.4 mg TE/100 g db, Ant = 213.6 ± 15.9 mg C3G/100 g db, EA = 1878.2 ± 45.9 mg/100 g db and Vit. C = 29.8 ± 7.4 mg/100 g db. The agglomeration process improved the instantaneous properties and the flow behaviour of the ABPM. Additionally, it offers significant nutritional value with potential use as an instant drink and raw material for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misael Cortés Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos, Cra. 65 No. 59A – 110, Medellín, CP 050034, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jesús Humberto Gil G
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Facultad Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento Ingeniería Agrícola y Alimentos, Cra. 65 No. 59A – 110, Medellín, CP 050034, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
- Universidad de Cartagena, Programa de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Food Packaging and Shelf Life Research Group (FP&SL), Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48 – 152, Cartagena de Indias D.T. y C., Colombia
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Arruda HS, Silva EK, Pastore GM, Marostica Junior MR. Non-Thermal Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing Retains the Quality Parameters and Improves the Kinetic Stability of an Araticum Beverage Enriched with Inulin-Type Dietary Fibers. Foods 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37444333 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit-based beverages have been considered excellent food vehicles for delivering prebiotics. However, the conventional thermal processes currently used to microbiologically and enzymatically stabilize these products may cause significant losses in their sensory, physicochemical, nutritional, and bioactive characteristics. Thus, in this study, we evaluate the effect of different levels of pressure (8, 15, and 21 MPa) and temperature (35 and 55 °C) on the characteristics of an inulin-enriched araticum beverage processed with non-thermal supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) technology. The temperature showed a significant effect on total soluble solids, pH, particle size distribution, and kinetic stability. In contrast, pressure affected only the particle size distribution. The interaction between pressure and temperature influenced the total soluble solids, pH, and particle size distribution. Color parameters, ζ-potential, and glucose and fructose contents were not modified after all SC-CO2 treatments. Moreover, the SC-CO2 treatments preserved the inulin molecular structure, thus maintaining its prebiotic functionality. Overall, the SC-CO2 treatment did not alter the sensory, nutritional, and functional quality of the beverage, while improving its physical stability during storage. Therefore, non-thermal SC-CO2 treatment can be an alternative to current conventional processes for stabilizing inulin-enriched fruit-based beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silvano Arruda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Keven Silva
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Roberto Marostica Junior
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street 80, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
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Salas-Arias K, Irías-Mata A, Sánchez-Kopper A, Hernández-Moncada R, Salas-Morgan B, Villalta-Romero F, Calvo-Castro LA. Strawberry Fragaria x ananassa cv. Festival: A Polyphenol-Based Phytochemical Characterization in Fruit and Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:1865. [PMID: 36838852 PMCID: PMC9966301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Berry fruits are an important dietary source of health-promoting antioxidant polyphenols. Interestingly, berry leaves of diverse species, including strawberries, have shown higher bioactive phytochemical content in the leaves than in the fruit. Moreover, the vegetative part of the plants is usually discarded, representing a presumably large source of underutilized bioactive biomass. In this investigation, the polyphenol profiles of tropical highland strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Festival) leaves and fruits were compared by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The total polyphenol strawberry leaf extracts exhibited a 122-fold-higher total polyphenol content and 13-fold higher antioxidant activity (ORAC) than strawberry fruits, and they showed evidence of possible photoprotective effects against UV damage in human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28) and in murine embryo fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), together with promising anti-proliferative activities against the same melanoma cells. Seven polyphenols were confirmed by HPLC-DAD in the leaf extracts, with differences depending on fraction solubility. Moreover, three substituted quercetin derivatives, three substituted kaempferol derivatives, two anthocyanins, and catechin were confirmed in the soluble fraction by HPLC-MS. Given their higher total polyphenol content and bioactive activities, underutilized strawberry Festival leaves are a potential source of apparently abundant biomass with prospective bioactive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Salas-Arias
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales Para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Andrea Irías-Mata
- Centro de Investigación en Granos y Semillas, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José P.O. Box 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Kopper
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos, Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Moncada
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Bridget Salas-Morgan
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Fabián Villalta-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Laura A. Calvo-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
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Cubero-Cardoso J, Maluf Braga AF, Trujillo-Reyes Á, Alonso-Segovia G, Serrano A, Borja R, Fermoso FG. Effect of metals on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of strawberry extrudate in batch mode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116783. [PMID: 36435128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
According to recent studies, the anaerobic digestion of strawberry extrudate is a promising option with potential in the berry industry biorefinery. However, the lack and/or unbalance of concentrations of metals in some agro-industrial residues could hamper methane production during the anaerobic digestion of these kinds of wastes. In this study, a fractional factorial design was applied to screen the supplementation requirements regarding six metals (Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) for methane production from strawberry extrudate (SE). The logistic model was used to fit the experimental data of methane production-time. It allowed identifying two different stages in the anaerobic process and obtaining the kinetic parameters for each step. Maximum methane production obtained in the first (Bmax) kinetic stage, the methane production in the second stage (P), and the maximum methane production rates (Rmax) concluded a statistically significant effect for Ni and Zn. The second set of experiments was carried out with Ni and Zn through a central composite design to study the concentration effect in the anaerobic digestion process of the strawberry extrudate. The parameters P and Rmax demonstrated a positive interaction between Ni and Zn. Although, Bmax did not prove a statistically significant effect between Ni and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Adriana Ferreira Maluf Braga
- Biological Process Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (LPB/EESC/USP), Av.João Dagnone 1100, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, Brazil.
| | - Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Alonso-Segovia
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Fernando G Fermoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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Golpour I, Ferrão AC, Gonçalves F, Correia PMR, Blanco-Marigorta AM, Guiné RPF. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity from Strawberries: Modelling with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Foods 2021; 10:foods10092228. [PMID: 34574338 PMCID: PMC8472351 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research study focuses on the evaluation of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of strawberries according to different experimental extraction conditions by applying the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique. The experimental data were applied to train ANNs using feed- and cascade-forward backpropagation models with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regulation (BR) algorithms. Three independent variables (solvent concentration, volume/mass ratio and extraction time) were used as ANN inputs, whereas the three variables of total phenolic compounds, DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities were considered as ANN outputs. The results demonstrate that the best cascade- and feed-forward backpropagation topologies of ANNs for the prediction of total phenolic compounds and DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity factors were the 3-9-1, 3-4-4-1 and 3-13-10-1 structures, with the training algorithms of trainlm, trainbr, trainlm and threshold functions of tansig-purelin, tansig-tansig-tansig and purelin-tansig-tansig, respectively. The best R2 values for the predication of total phenolic compounds and DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity factors were 0.9806 (MSE = 0.0047), 0.9651 (MSE = 0.0035) and 0.9756 (MSE = 0.00286), respectively. According to the comparison of ANNs, the results showed that the cascade-forward backpropagation network showed better performance than the feed-forward backpropagation network for predicting the TPC, and the FFBP network, in predicting the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity factors, had more precision than the cascade-forward backpropagation network. The ANN technique is a potential method for estimating targeted total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Golpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 5756151818, Iran;
| | - Ana Cristina Ferrão
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta
- Department of Process Engineering, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Carvajal C, Cortés Rodríguez M, Arango Tobón JC. Physicochemical quality and antioxidant activity of blackberry suspensions: Compositional and process effects. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Carvajal
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Misael Cortés Rodríguez
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Julio César Arango Tobón
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Department of Food and Agricultural Engineering Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín Colombia
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Lohani UC, Muthukumarappan K. Study of continuous flow ultrasonication to improve total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in sorghum flour and its comparison with batch ultrasonication. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105402. [PMID: 33310455 PMCID: PMC7786600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic technology was applied to release the phenolics bound with starch and protein matrix in order to enhance total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of the sorghum flour. Both the continuous flow and batch ultrasonication were implied with independent variables such as flour to water ratio (FWR), ultrasonication intensity (UI), and ultrasonication time (UT) with an additional variable as flow rate (FR) in continuous flow ultrasonication. All the process variables showed a significant effect on the corresponding ultrasonication process. The optimal conditions for the continuous flow ultrasonication were a FWR of 10% w/v, an UI of 20 W/cm2, an UT of 130 s, and 15 ml/s FR which produced a maximum values of 70.9 mg GAE/100 g dry matter (d.m.) for TPC and 143.9 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for AA. Regarding the batch ultrasonication, the maximum values were 65.6 mg GAE/100 g d.m. and 141.0 µmol TE/100 g d.m. for TPC and AA, respectively at optimum conditions of 10% w/v FWR, 30 W/cm2 UI, and 200 s UT. When comparing with the batch ultrasonication, the continuous flow process saved 35% time and 33% of energy consumption to obtain comparatively higher TPC and AA of the sorghum flour. Ultrasonication improved free phenolic acid content by releasing bound phenolics in the sorghum flour. Impact of various process parameters on specific energy was analyzed during both the processes, and influence of energy on TPC and AA of the sorghum flour was also observed for the batch and continuous flow ultrasonication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C Lohani
- Ag & Biosystems Engineering Deptt, South Dakota State University, Brooking, SD, USA.
| | - K Muthukumarappan
- Ag & Biosystems Engineering Deptt, South Dakota State University, Brooking, SD, USA
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10
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Valorization of date palm biodiversity: physico‐chemical composition, phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation of date pastes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Caroca E, Serrano A, Borja R, Jiménez A, Carvajal A, Braga AFM, Rodriguez-Gutierrez G, Fermoso FG. Influence of phenols and furans released during thermal pretreatment of olive mill solid waste on its anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:202-208. [PMID: 33310132 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of thermal pretreatments to facilitate its anaerobic digestion has associated phenols and furans production, which are commonly identified as inhibitory compounds. Phenols and furans extraction can be done from a liquid phase produced after the thermal pretreatment. In the present study this dephenolized liquid phase (DLP) showed an increase of 42% in methane yield compared to the raw liquid phase (LP) demonstrating the inhibitor character of such compounds. The main extracted phenols and furans were: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), Hydroxytyrosol (HT), Tyrosol (Ty), Vanillic acid (AcV), Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Vanillin (V) and Furfural (F).This study also aimed to evaluate the individual effect on methane production of these specific phenols and furans the within the mixture of several ones from LP. The evaluation of the individual compounds over the methanogenesis of a dephenolized liquid phase showed that only V was inhibitory on both methane yield and methane production rate. HMF had a significantly negative effect on methane yield, but improved the methane production rate instead. Ty, F, DHPG and HT favoured the methane yield and production rate. Additionally, it was observed that negative effect of some individual phenols and furans was counteracted by the positive effect of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Caroca
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 3939 San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - A Serrano
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain; School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Campus St Lucia, Ed. 49, CP 4067, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - A Carvajal
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 3939 San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | - A F M Braga
- Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - F G Fermoso
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville, Spain
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Cubero-Cardoso J, Muñoz-Arjona A, Trujillo-Reyes Á, Serrano A, Alonso-Fariñas B, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Urbano J, Borja R, Fermoso FG. Mesophilic Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Strawberry Extrudate Pretreated with Steam Explosion. Foods 2020; 9:E1887. [PMID: 33348806 PMCID: PMC7766452 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of strawberry concentrate produces a side stream after extrusion that is commonly landfilled. This strawberry extrudate (SE), of lignocellulosic character, contains valuable bioactive compounds such as sugars and phenols. Thermal treatments, such as steam explosion, are currently used for the valorisation of agricultural lignocellulosic wastes due to their ability to impact the structure of the lignocellulose and hemicellulose present in these wastes, favouring the disruption of fibrous material. Steam explosion has already been shown as a promising technology for phenol recovery from SE. Biogas is an additional valuable resource that might be produced from thermally pretreated and de-phenolised SE. This study assessed the influence of a steam-explosion pretreatment and the subsequent recovery of phenolic compounds from the long-term operation of a semi-continuous anaerobic digester of pretreated SE. The anaerobic digestion of SE steam exploded at 220 °C for 5 min and de-phenolised was stable at an OLR of 0.5 g of volatile solids (VS)/(L·d), which permitted a specific production rate of 135 ± 11 mL of CH4/(g of VS·d). The system was not able to operate at an OLR of 1 g of VS/(L·d), which resulted in a failure of the process. Despite the inhibition threshold of phenolic compounds not being achieved, the inhibition of the anaerobic digestion process at an OLR of 1 g of VS/(L·d) was most likely due to the overloading of the system. This was indicated by the accumulation of soluble organic matter and volatile fatty acids. The increase in the propionic acid concentration up to 1300 mg/L when operating at OLRs higher than 0.5 g of VS/(L·d) could be the main factor responsible for the inhibition. An economic evaluation showed that the proposed approach (steam explosion, phenol recovery, and anaerobic digestion) would offer positive benefits, taking into account the high phenolic recovery (0.90 g of gallic acid equivalents/kg of extrudate) and the low sales price of the phenol extract, i.e., EUR 0.610/g of gallic acid equivalents, needed to reach zero net profit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (Á.T.-R.); (A.S.); (G.R.-G.); (R.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Andrés Muñoz-Arjona
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (B.A.-F.)
| | - Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (Á.T.-R.); (A.S.); (G.R.-G.); (R.B.)
| | - Antonio Serrano
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (Á.T.-R.); (A.S.); (G.R.-G.); (R.B.)
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Campus St. Lucia-AEB Ed 49, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Bernabé Alonso-Fariñas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (B.A.-F.)
| | - Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (Á.T.-R.); (A.S.); (G.R.-G.); (R.B.)
| | - Juan Urbano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (Á.T.-R.); (A.S.); (G.R.-G.); (R.B.)
| | - Fernando G. Fermoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (Á.T.-R.); (A.S.); (G.R.-G.); (R.B.)
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Yu Q, Fan L. New insights into antityrosinase capacity and polyphenols of asparagus during hydrothermal treatments. Food Chem 2020; 326:126968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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The Effect of Cultivation Method of Strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Honeoye on Structure and Degradation Dynamics of Pectin during Cold Storage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184325. [PMID: 32967223 PMCID: PMC7570722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The high quality and long shelf life of strawberry fruit are largely dependent on the cultivation method. The goal of this experiment was to study the effect of different cultivation methods on molecular structure and rheological properties of pectin extracted from strawberry quality parameters during cold storage. Three methods of cultivation of strawberry cv. Honeoye were tested: organic cultivation on raised beds, organic cultivation with the flat-planted method and conventional cultivation with the flat-planted method. The nanostructure of pectin (AFM), its chemical structure (FT-IR) and rheological properties were studied. The fruits were also tested by size, dry matter, firmness, acidity and the content of soluble solids, anthocyanin, phenolics, vitamin C and galacturonic acid. Pectin isolated from organic strawberries was more rapidly degraded than conventional strawberry pectin, which limits the possibilities for their processing and use as gelling or stabilizing agents at 20 °C. The differences in fruit quality were particularly noticeable with respect to the anthocyanin content, which was significantly higher for organic strawberry. The organic fruit also had better sensory properties because of its lower acidity and higher soluble solid content (SSC). These and other results from this experiment showed that strawberries produced by organic farming methods had better biochemical properties compared to conventional fruit; however, pectin transformation undergone faster limits their further technological applications.
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Yu Z, Wu H, Li Y, Xu Y, Li H, Yang S. Advances in Heterogeneously Catalytic Degradation of Biomass Saccharides with Ordered-Nanoporous Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hongguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research & Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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16
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High-Value-Added Compound Recovery with High-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment and Steam Explosion, and Subsequent Biomethanization of Residual Strawberry Extrudate. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081082. [PMID: 32784407 PMCID: PMC7466340 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was on the comparison of hydrothermal treatments at 170 °C (steam injection) and 220 °C (steam explosion) to solubilize the organic matter contained in residual strawberry extrudate, focusing on phenolic compounds that were susceptible to be extracted and on sugars. After the extraction step, the remaining strawberry extrudate phases were subjected to anaerobic digestion to generate biogas that would compensate the energy requirements of the suggested hydrothermal treatments and to stabilize the remaining waste. Hydrothermal treatment at 220 °C allowed the recovery of 2053 mg of gallic acid eq. per kg of residual strawberry extrudate. By contrast, after hydrothermal treatment at 170 °C, only 394 mg of gallic acid eq. per kg of residual strawberry extrudate was recovered. Anaerobic digestion processes were applied to the de-phenolized liquid phase and the solid phase together, which generated similar methane productions, i.e., around 430 mL CH4/g volatile solids, after both 170 °C and 220 °C hydrothermal treatments. Considering the latest observation, hydrothermal treatment at 220 °C is a preferable option for the valorization of residual strawberry extrudate (RSE) due to the high solubilization of valuable phenolic compounds that can be recovered.
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Vázquez-González M, Fernández-Prior Á, Bermúdez Oria A, Rodríguez-Juan EM, Pérez-Rubio AG, Fernández-Bolaños J, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G. Utilization of strawberry and raspberry waste for the extraction of bioactive compounds by deep eutectic solvents. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Solubilization of Phenols and Sugars from Raspberry Extrudate by Hydrothermal Treatments. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Raspberry extrudate residue has bioactive compounds in its matrix that are considered high-added value compounds. In the present study, different hydrothermal treatments were carried out using different operational systems, temperatures and times to solubilize raspberry extrudate in order to obtain these bioactive compounds (i.e., sugars and phenolic compounds). Hydrothermal treatment conditions were assessed in the range of 60 °C to 210 °C, with increments of 30 °C. The hydrothermal treatment at 210 °C for 5 min with direct steam and decompression was the most efficient process based on the solubilization of sugars and phenols, as well as on the antioxidant capacity of the products recovered in the liquid phase after treatment. Under these conditions, the concentration of soluble phenols was more than double the concentration in the raw raspberry extrudate, with more than 5000 mg phenols per kilogram of raspberry extrudate. The obtained values demonstrate the potential of applying this treatment for recovering valuable bioactive compounds from raspberry extrudate.
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Guiné RDPF, Correia PMDR, Ferrão AC, Gonçalves F, Lerat C, El-Idrissi T, Rodrigo E. Evaluation of phenolic and antioxidant properties of strawberry as a function of extraction conditions. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We studied the extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and the evaluation of antioxidant activity of strawberries in different extraction conditions, varying the type of solvent (ethanol:water (50%) and acetone:water (60%), the extraction time (15 and 60 min) and the solvent volume to sample mass ratio (5 mL/g and 20 mL/g). In addition, we performed principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that, although the two solvents tested had similar influence on total phenolic compounds extraction and antioxidant activity, the 60 minutes of extraction and the use of the solvent volume/sample mass ratio of 20 mL/g were the best extraction conditions, both for the 1st and 2nd recovered extracts. However, the solvent had a marked effect on anthocyanins’ extraction, so that acetone/water extracted almost the double as compared to ethanol/water, for the same extraction conditions. Finally, factor analysis allowed identifying a grouping structure of two components, which was confirmed by the dendogram obtained from cluster analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clémence Lerat
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Portugal; Université Angers Angers, France
| | - Theo El-Idrissi
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Portugal; Université Angers Angers, France
| | - Eva Rodrigo
- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Portugal; Universidad de Granada, España
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Silva EK, Arruda HS, Eberlin MN, Pastore GM, Meireles MAA. Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal treatment on the inulin chemical stability and functional properties of prebiotic-enriched apple juice. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Trujillo-Reyes Á, Cubero-Cardoso J, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, García-Martín JF, Rodríguez-Galán M, Borja R, Serrano A, Fermoso FG. Extraction of phenolic compounds and production of biomethane from strawberry and raspberry extrudates. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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