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Zhou YH, Vidyarthi SK, Sutar PP, Ha B, Wang QH, He FT, Xu MQ, Zhang WQ, Xiao HW. Peeling mechanism of tomato induced by HHAIB: Microscopic, ultrastructure, chemical, physical and mechanical properties perspectives. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101028. [PMID: 38144816 PMCID: PMC10740078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to better manage the peeling degree and avoid unnecessary losses, the current work aimed to explore the peeling mechanism of a novel peeling technology, high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB). The relationships between HHAIB peeling performance and the changes in skin temperature, skin structure, water state, pectin fractions content, and skin mechanical properties of tomatoes were analyzed. Results showed, after HHAIB treatment, the epicuticular wax was disrupted, the skin exhibited more and longer random cracks, the degradation of inner skin tissue was observed by transmission electron microscopy, the free water percentage increased resulting in water loss in the whole tomato, the water-soluble pectin contents decreased in tomato fleshes, while the contents of chelate-soluble pectin and sodium-carbonate-soluble pectin increased. HHAIB heating reduced the elongation at break, and increased Young's Modulus of tomato peel. This study revealed the HHAIB peeling mechanism and provided new insights for developing HHAIB peeling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Zhou
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sriram K. Vidyarthi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Parag Prakash Sutar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Buer Ha
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing-Hui Wang
- Agricultural Mechanization Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Fa-Tao He
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Coorperatives, Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Xu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
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Zang B, Qiu Z, Zheng Z, Zhang B, Qiao X. Quality Improvement of Garlic Paste by Whey Protein Isolate Combined with High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071500. [PMID: 37048321 PMCID: PMC10094670 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic, one of the most popular spices and medical herbs, has a unique pungent flavor and taste. Conventional homogenization and thermal treatment commonly lead to flavor and color deterioration in garlic paste, because allicin is highly susceptible to degradation and reaction. The present study was to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) and different levels of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa) on the quality of garlic paste. Results showed that the addition of WPI in the homogenization of garlic significantly prevented green discoloration. Furthermore, WPI plus HHP under 500 MPa could better protect the color of garlic paste. Higher pressure (600 MPa) led to WPI aggregation, resulting in higher green color chroma of garlic paste. GC-MS results revealed that the application of WPI and HHP in garlic paste increased the relative level of pungent flavor compounds and decreased those of unpleasant odor compounds. The correlation analysis results revealed that WPI efficiently prevented garlic green discoloration, which is attributed to the thiol group in WPI exchanging the sulfonyl groups in allicin. In consideration of the microbial load, flavor and color quality of garlic paste, the optimal processing conditions were found at 500 MPa for 5 min with 2% WPI addition, extending shelf life to 25 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
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New insights on low-temperature storage regulating garlic greening and the accumulation of pigment precursors via glutathione metabolism and energy cycles. Food Chem 2023; 417:135848. [PMID: 36913871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore regulation mechanism of temperature on garlic greening and pigment precursors' accumulation, greening capacities, pigment precursors and critical metabolites, enzyme and genes involved in glutathione and NADPH metabolism of garlic stored at five temperatures (4, 8, 16, 24 and 30 ℃) were analyzed. Results showed that garlic pre-stored at 4, 8 and 16 ℃ were more likely to green than ones at 24 and 30 ℃ after pickling. After 25 days, more S-1-propenyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (1-PeCSO) were detected in garlic stored at 4, 8 and 16 ℃ (753.60, 921.85 and 756.75 mAU, respectively) than that at 24 and 30 ℃ (394.35 and 290.70 mAU). Pigment precursors' accumulation in garlic was mainly realized by glutathione and NADPH metabolism under low-temperature storage, through enhancements of activities or expressions for GR (GSR), GST (GST), γ-GT (GGT1, GGT2), 6PGDH (PGD) and ICDHc (IDH1). This study enriched the mechanism of garlic greening.
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Simulation of Fluid Flow during Egg Pickling under Different Inlet and Outlet Conditions in a Pulsed Pressure Tank with Liquid Circulation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172630. [PMID: 36076816 PMCID: PMC9455922 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed pressure pickling is an emerging highly efficient osmotic dehydration technique. However, the immobility of the pickling liquid and the material, the formation of layers, and the uneven pickling efficiency in different sections make it difficult to use industrially. This work aims at improving and optimizing the conditions of fluid flow in the pickling tank with a liquid-cycle system to reduce the unevenness in the production process. Fluid flow around the eggs was numerically investigated by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations within the flow regime, adopting different angles and positions at the inlet and outlet. The simulation results show that the inlet with a radial deflection of 35° and the outlet with axial direction were characterized by the best flow efficiency. Under these conditions, the average flow velocity and the global uniformity index were 0.153 m/s and 0.407, respectively. Furthermore, the experiments were carried out using an equivalent scale model of the pulsed pressure equipment with liquid circulation. The experimental results showed that, under optimal conditions, the salt content in all four layers of the egg white was about 2.8% after 48 h. This study provides a solution to ensure the constant salinity of different layers of pickled eggs and to improve pickling efficiency, especially in industrial-scale production.
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Zhou YH, Sutar PP, Vidyarthi SK, Zhang WP, Yu XL, Li XY, Bi C, Xiao HW. High-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB): An emerging technology for tomato peeling. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu R, Ma Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Liang H, Wang D. Study of texture properties of ‘laba’ garlic in different color states and their change mechanisms. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China
| | - Yue Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China
| | - Xu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China
| | - Hao Liang
- Longda Food Group Company Limited Laiyang Shandong 265231 China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China
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Zhang Y, Sun BH, Pei YP, Vidyarthi SK, Zhang WP, Zhang WK, Ju HY, Gao ZJ, Xiao HW. Vacuum-steam pulsed blanching (VSPB): An emerging blanching technology for beetroot. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Combined Hot Air, Microwave, and Infrared Drying of Hawthorn Fruit: Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Drying Time, Energy, Qualitative, and Bioactive Compounds' Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051006. [PMID: 34064476 PMCID: PMC8147953 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment and hot air, microwave–hot-air, infrared–hot air, and freeze-drying on the drying time, specific energy (SE), qualitative properties (i.e., color, shrinkage, and rehydration ratio), and bioactive compounds’ properties (i.e., antioxidant activity, phenolic, and flavonoid contents) of hawthorn fruit. Drying of hawthorn was conducted from 45 min for the ultrasonic + microwave–hot-air drying to 1280 min for the freeze-drying method. The lowest amount of SE was obtained using the ultrasonic-microwave–hot-air drying method, which was 47.57 MJ/kg. The lowest values in color changes (12.25) and shrinkage (17.21%) were recorded for the freeze-drying method, while the highest amounts for these traits were 45.57% and 66.75% in the HA drying, respectively. In general, the use of different drying methods reduces the antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) during processing compared to fresh samples. The highest values for AC, TPC, TFC, and the rehydration ratio were 30.69%, 73.07 mg-GAE/gdw, 65.93 mg-QE/gdw, and 2.02 for the freeze-drying method, respectively.
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Kaveh M, Abbaspour-Gilandeh Y, Chen G. Drying kinetic, quality, energy and exergy performance of hot air-rotary drum drying of green peas using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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