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Özdemir E, Başaran P, Kartal S, Akan T. Cold plasma application to fresh green leafy vegetables: Impact on microbiology and product quality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4484-4515. [PMID: 37661766 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Fresh green leafy vegetables (FGLVs) are consumed either garden-fresh or by going through very few simple processing steps. For this reason, foodborne diseases that come with the consumption of fresh products in many countries have prioritized the development of new and reliable technologies to reduce food-related epidemics. Cold plasma (CP) is considered one of the sustainable and green processing approaches that inactivate target microorganisms without causing a significant temperature increase during processing. This review presents an overview of recent developments regarding the commercialization potential of CP-treated FGLVs, focusing on specific areas such as microbial inactivation and the influence of CP on product quality. The effect of CP differs according to the power of the plasma, frequency, gas flow rate, application time, ionizing gases composition, the distance between the electrodes and pressure, as well as the characteristics of the product. As well as microbial decontamination, CP offers significant potential for increasing the shelf life of perishable and short-shelf-life products. In addition, organizations actively involved in CP research and development and patent applications (2016-2022) have also been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Özdemir
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pervin Başaran
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehban Kartal
- Department of Physics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Akan
- Department of Physics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Weihe T, Yao Y, Opitz N, Wagner R, Krall J, Schnabel U, Below H, Ehlbeck J. Plasma-Treated Water: A Comparison with Analog Mixtures of Traceable Ingredients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040932. [PMID: 37110355 PMCID: PMC10146649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma-treated water (PTW) possess anti-microbial potential against Pseudomonas fluorescence, which is observable for both suspended cells and cells organized in biofilms. Against that background, the chemical composition of PTW tends to focus. Various analytical techniques have been applied for analyses, which reveal various traceable reactive oxygen and nitrogen compounds (RONS). Based on these findings, it is our aim to generate a PTW analog (anPTW), which has been compared in its anti-microbial efficiency with freshly generated PTW. Additionally, a solution of every traceable compound of PTW has been mixed according to their PTW concentration. As references, we treated suspended cells and mature biofilms of P. fluorescence with PTW that originates from a microwave-driven plasma source. The anti-microbial efficiency of all solutions has been tested based on a combination of a proliferation, an XTT, and a live–dead assay. The outcomes of the test proved an anti-microbial power of PTW that suggests more active ingredients than the traceable compounds HNO3, HNO2, and H2O2 or the combined mixture of the analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weihe
- Department of Plasma Biotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yijiao Yao
- Department of Plasma Biotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Nevin Opitz
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Hospital, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Plasma Biotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Krall
- Center of Microbiology and Environmental System Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uta Schnabel
- Department of Plasma Biotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Below
- Independent Researcher, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Ehlbeck
- Department of Plasma Biotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Wu T, Huang Z, Zhao L, Zhou X, Chen H, Zhou X, Li M, Zhou J, Lin Y. Effects of the Marinating Process on the Quality Characteristics and Bacterial Community of Leisure Dried Tofu. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040841. [PMID: 36832916 PMCID: PMC9956934 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Leisure dried tofu (LD-tofu) was prepared using two different marinating processes: the repeated heating method (RHM) and the vacuum pulse method (VPM). The quality characteristics and bacterial community succession of LD-tofu and the marinade were evaluated. The results showed that the nutrients in LD-tofu were easily dissolved into the marinade during the marinating process, while the protein and moisture content of RHM LD-tofu changed most dramatically. With the increase in marinade recycling times, the springiness, chewiness and hardness of VPM LD-tofu increased significantly. The total viable count (TVC) of the VPM LD-tofu decreased from the initial value of 4.41 lg cfu/g to 2.51-2.67 lg cfu/g as a result of the marinating process, which had a significant inhibitory effect. Additionally, 26, 167 and 356 communities in the LD-tofu and marinade were detected at the phylum, family and genus levels, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Pseudomonadaceae, Thermaceae and Lactobacillaceae were closely related to the quality characteristics of LD-tofu, whereas Caulobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae and Enterobacteriae were closely related to the marinade. The present work provides a theoretical basis for the screening of functional strains and quality control in LD-tofu and marinade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Zhanrui Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liangzhong Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Ming Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Jinsong Zhou
- Jinzai Food Group Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414022, China
| | - Yingyi Lin
- Beijing Kangdeli Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100074, China
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The Application of Cold Plasma Technology in Low-Moisture Foods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-022-09329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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